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The adaptation mechanisms of plants living in gypsiferous soils and the effects on community distribution

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 114 - 124, 01.07.2018

Ayşegül Çaycı Erkan Yalçın Adnan Akçin

Öz

In this study, the less known physical, chemical and anatomical adaptation mechanisms of plants which have lived in gypsiferous soils and their effects on the distribution of communities were explained. Soils with high gypsum content support specific vegetation, indicating a habitat to which gypsophile plants have adapted. Gypsum soils are a specific physical and chemical environment for plant life. In this review, it was first described the physical and chemical properties of gypsum soils, then summarized the physical, chemical and anatomical adaptation mechanisms of gypsophily in plants and it was finished the review by providing an overview of the distribution of communities on gypsum substrates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adaptation Ecophysiology Gypsum Gypsophile Community distribution

Kaynakça

  • Akpulat HA, Çelik N. 2005. Flora of gypsum areas in Sivas in the eastern part of Cappadocia in Central Anatolia, Turkey. J Arid Environ, 61: 27-46.
  • Al-Ani TA, Aviv IM, Abdulaziz AI, Ouda NA. 1971. Plant indicators in Iraq. II. Mineral composition of native plants in relation to soils and selective absorption. Plant Soil, 35: 29–36.
  • Alvarado JJ, Ruiz JM, López-Cantarero I, Molero J, Romero L. 2000. Nitrogen metabolism in five plant species characteristic of Gypsiferous soils. J Plant Physiol, 156: 612–616.
  • Anonymous. 1992. Directive 92/43/CEE of the Council of the European Community on the Conservation of Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora. European Community, Brussels Belgium DOCE 206/1992, Serie L, 7–50.
  • Antonovics J. 1971. The effects of a heterogeneous environment on the genetics of natural populations. Am Sci, 59: 593–599.
  • Aronne G, De Micco V. 2001. Seasonal dimorphism in the Mediterranean Cistus incanus L. subsp. incanus. Ann Bot-London, 87: 789–794.
  • Aragón CF, Méndez M, Escudero A. 2009. Survival costs of reproduction in a short-lived perennial plant, live hard, die young. Am J Bot, 96: 904–911.
  • Barreno E. 1991. Phytogeography of terricolous lichens in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands. Botanika Chronika, 10: 199–210. Belnap J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from southeast Utah USA. Biol Fert Soils, 35: 128–135.
  • Belnap J. 2006. The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles. Hydrol Process, 20: 3159–3178.
  • Bennett JM, Marchuk A, Raine SR, Dalzell SA, Macfarlane, DC. 2016. Managing land application of coal seam water: A field study of land amendment irrigation using saline-sodic and alkaline water on a Red Vertisol. J Environ Manage, 184: 178-185.
  • Bölukbasi A, Kurt L, S Palacio. 2016. Unravelling the mechanisms for plant survival on gypsum soils: an analysis of the chemical composition of gypsum plants from Turkey. Plant Biol, 18: 271 – 279.
  • Boscaiu M, Bautista I, Donat P, Lidon A, Llinares J, Lull C, Mayoral O, Vicente O. 2011. Plant responses to abiotic stress. Curr Opin Biotech, 22: S130.
  • Boscaiu M, Bautista I, Lidón A, Llinares J, Lull C, Donat P, Mayoral O, Vicente O 2013 Environmental-dependent proline accumulation in plants living on gypsum soils. Acta Physiol Plant, 35:2193–2204.
  • Boukhris M, Lossaint P. 1972. Spécificité biogéochemique des plantes gypsophiles de Tunisie. Oecolog Plantar, 7: 45–68.
  • Boukhris M, Lossaint P. 1975. Aspects ecologiques de la nutrition minerale de plantes gypsicoles di Tunisie. Rev Ecol Biol Sol, 12: 329–348.
  • Braun-Blanquet J, Bolós O. 1957. Les groupements végétaux du bassin moyen de l’Ebre et leur dynamisme. Anales de la Estaci´on Experimental de Aula Dei, 5: 1–266. Bridges EM, Burnham CP. 1980. Soils of the state of Bahrain. J Soil Sci, 31: 689–707.
  • Capaldi FR, Gratão PL, Reis AR, Lima LW, Azevedo RA. 2015. Sulfur metabolism and stress defense responses in plants. Trop Plant Biol, 8: 60-73.
  • Castillo-Monroy AP, Maestre FT, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Gallardo A. 2010. Biological soil crusts modulate nitrogen availability in semi-arid ecosystems, insights from a Mediterranean grassland. Plant Soil, 333: 21–34.
  • Castillo-Monroy AP, Maestre FT, Rey A, Soliveres S, García-Palacios P. 2011. Biological soil crusts are the main contributor to soil CO2 efflux and modulate its spatio temporal variability in a semi-arid ecosystem. Ecosystems, 14: 835–847.
  • Chamizo S, Cantón Y, Lázaro R, Solé-Benet A, Domingo F. 2012a. Crust composition and disturbance drive infiltration through biological soil crusts in semiarid ecosystems. Ecosystems, 15: 148–161.
  • Chamizo S, Cantón Y, Rodríguez-Caballero E, Domingo F, Escudero A. 2012b. Runoff at contrasting scales in a semiarid ecosystem, a complex balance between biological soil crust features and rainfall characteristics. J Hydrol, 452: 130–138.
  • Damschen EI, Harrison S, Ackerly DD, Fernandez‐Going BM, Anacker BL. 2012. Endemic plant communities on special soils: early victims or hardy survivors of climate change? J Ecol, 100: 1122-1130.
  • De la Cruz M, Escudero A, Maestre F, Romao RL. 2008. Where do seedlings go? A spatio-temporal analysis of early mortality in a semiarid specialist. Ecography, 31: 1–11.
  • Duvigneaud P, Denaeyer-De Smet SDD. 1966. Accumulation du soufre dans quelques espe‘ces gypsophiles d’Espagne. B Soc Roy Bot Belg, 99: 263–269.
  • Duvigneaud P, Smet, SDD. 1968. Essai de classification chimique (elements mineraux) des plantes gypsicolas du Bassin de l’Ebre. B Soc Roy Bot Belg, 101: 279–291.
  • Duvigneaud P, Smet, SDD. 1973. Considérations sur l’écologie de ´ la nutrition minerale des tapis végétaux naturels. Oecolog Plantar, 8: 219–246.
  • Egea JM, Alonso FL. 1996. Patrones de distribucion en la flora liquénica xerófila del sureste de Espańa. Acta Botánica Malacitana, 21: 35–47.
  • Eldridge D, Bowker MA, Maestre FT, Alonso P, Mau RL, Papadopoulos J, Escudero A. 2010. Interactive effects of three ecosystem engineers on infiltration in a semi-arid Mediterranean grassland. Ecosystems, 13: 499–510.
  • Escudero A, Carnes L, Pérez-García F. 1997. Germination of gypsophytes and gypsovags in semiarid central Spain. J Arid Environ, 36: 487–497.
  • Escudero A, Somolinos RC, Olano JM, Rubio A. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Dum., an endemic gypsophile of semi-arid Spain. J Ecol, 87: 290–302.
  • Escudero A, Iriondo JM, Olano JM, Rubio A, Somolinos R. 2000. Factors affecting the establishment of a gypsophyte, the case of Lepidium subulatum. Am J Bot, 87: 861–871.
  • Escudero A, Martínez I, de la Cruz A, Otálora MAG, Maestre FT. 2007. Soil lichens have species-specific effects on the seedling emergence of three gypsophile plant species. J Arid Environ, 70: 18–28.
  • Escudero A, Palacio S, Maestre TF, Luzuriaga LA. 2015. Plant life on gypsum: A review of its multiple facets. Biol Rev, 90: 1-18.
  • Freyer D, Voigt W. 2003. Crystallization and phase stability of CaSO4 and CaSO4 – Based salts. Monatsh Chem, 134: 693–719.
  • Gankin R, Major J. 1964. Arctostaphylos myrtifolia, its biology and relationship to the problem of endemism. Ecology, 45: 792–808.
  • Guerrero-Campo J, Alberto F, Hodgson J, García-Ruiz JM, Montserrat-Martí G. 1999a. Plant community patterns in a gypsum area of NE Spain. I. Interactions with topographic factors and soil erosion. J Arid Environ, 41: 401–410.
  • Guerrero-Campo J, Alberto F, Maestro-Martínez M, Hodgson J, Montserrat-Martí G. 1999b. Plant community patterns in a gypsum area of NE Spain. II. Effects of ion washing on topographic distribution of vegetation. J Arid Environ, 41: 411–419.
  • Gutterman Y, Shem-Tov S. 1996. Structure and function of the mucilaginous seed coats of Plantago coronopus inhabiting the Negev Desert of Israel.Isr J Plant Sci, 44: 125–133.
  • Gutterman Y, Shem-Tov S. 1997. The efficiency of the strategy of mucilaginous seeds of some common annuals of the Negev adhering to the soil crust to delay collection by ants. Isr J Plant Sci, 45: 317–327.
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  • Herrero J, Artieda O, Hudnall WH. 2009. Gypsum, a tricky material. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 73: 1757-1763.
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JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 114 - 124, 01.07.2018

Ayşegül Çaycı Erkan Yalçın Adnan Akçin

Öz

Bu çalışmada jipsli topraklarda yaşayan bitkilerin az bilinen fiziksel, kimyasal, anatomik uyum mekanizmaları ve komünite dağılışına etkileri açıklanmıştır. Özel bir bitki örtüsünü destekleyen yüksek jips içerikli topraklar jipsofil bitkilerin uyum sağladığı habitatı göstermektedir. Jips içeren topraklar bitki yaşamı için özel bir fiziksel ve kimyasal çevredir. Bu derlemede, öncelikle jipsli toprakların fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri açıklanmış, sonra bitkilerdeki jipsofilliğin fiziksel, kimyasal, anatomik uyum mekanizmalarıyla devam edilmiş ve jipsli substratlarda komünitelerin
dağılışı hakkında genel bir bakışla derleme bitirilmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adaptasyon Ekofizyoloji Jips Jipsofil Komünite dağılışı

Kaynakça

  • Akpulat HA, Çelik N. 2005. Flora of gypsum areas in Sivas in the eastern part of Cappadocia in Central Anatolia, Turkey. J Arid Environ, 61: 27-46.
  • Al-Ani TA, Aviv IM, Abdulaziz AI, Ouda NA. 1971. Plant indicators in Iraq. II. Mineral composition of native plants in relation to soils and selective absorption. Plant Soil, 35: 29–36.
  • Alvarado JJ, Ruiz JM, López-Cantarero I, Molero J, Romero L. 2000. Nitrogen metabolism in five plant species characteristic of Gypsiferous soils. J Plant Physiol, 156: 612–616.
  • Anonymous. 1992. Directive 92/43/CEE of the Council of the European Community on the Conservation of Habitats and Wild Fauna and Flora. European Community, Brussels Belgium DOCE 206/1992, Serie L, 7–50.
  • Antonovics J. 1971. The effects of a heterogeneous environment on the genetics of natural populations. Am Sci, 59: 593–599.
  • Aronne G, De Micco V. 2001. Seasonal dimorphism in the Mediterranean Cistus incanus L. subsp. incanus. Ann Bot-London, 87: 789–794.
  • Aragón CF, Méndez M, Escudero A. 2009. Survival costs of reproduction in a short-lived perennial plant, live hard, die young. Am J Bot, 96: 904–911.
  • Barreno E. 1991. Phytogeography of terricolous lichens in the Iberian Peninsula and Canary Islands. Botanika Chronika, 10: 199–210. Belnap J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation in biological soil crusts from southeast Utah USA. Biol Fert Soils, 35: 128–135.
  • Belnap J. 2006. The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles. Hydrol Process, 20: 3159–3178.
  • Bennett JM, Marchuk A, Raine SR, Dalzell SA, Macfarlane, DC. 2016. Managing land application of coal seam water: A field study of land amendment irrigation using saline-sodic and alkaline water on a Red Vertisol. J Environ Manage, 184: 178-185.
  • Bölukbasi A, Kurt L, S Palacio. 2016. Unravelling the mechanisms for plant survival on gypsum soils: an analysis of the chemical composition of gypsum plants from Turkey. Plant Biol, 18: 271 – 279.
  • Boscaiu M, Bautista I, Donat P, Lidon A, Llinares J, Lull C, Mayoral O, Vicente O. 2011. Plant responses to abiotic stress. Curr Opin Biotech, 22: S130.
  • Boscaiu M, Bautista I, Lidón A, Llinares J, Lull C, Donat P, Mayoral O, Vicente O 2013 Environmental-dependent proline accumulation in plants living on gypsum soils. Acta Physiol Plant, 35:2193–2204.
  • Boukhris M, Lossaint P. 1972. Spécificité biogéochemique des plantes gypsophiles de Tunisie. Oecolog Plantar, 7: 45–68.
  • Boukhris M, Lossaint P. 1975. Aspects ecologiques de la nutrition minerale de plantes gypsicoles di Tunisie. Rev Ecol Biol Sol, 12: 329–348.
  • Braun-Blanquet J, Bolós O. 1957. Les groupements végétaux du bassin moyen de l’Ebre et leur dynamisme. Anales de la Estaci´on Experimental de Aula Dei, 5: 1–266. Bridges EM, Burnham CP. 1980. Soils of the state of Bahrain. J Soil Sci, 31: 689–707.
  • Capaldi FR, Gratão PL, Reis AR, Lima LW, Azevedo RA. 2015. Sulfur metabolism and stress defense responses in plants. Trop Plant Biol, 8: 60-73.
  • Castillo-Monroy AP, Maestre FT, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Gallardo A. 2010. Biological soil crusts modulate nitrogen availability in semi-arid ecosystems, insights from a Mediterranean grassland. Plant Soil, 333: 21–34.
  • Castillo-Monroy AP, Maestre FT, Rey A, Soliveres S, García-Palacios P. 2011. Biological soil crusts are the main contributor to soil CO2 efflux and modulate its spatio temporal variability in a semi-arid ecosystem. Ecosystems, 14: 835–847.
  • Chamizo S, Cantón Y, Lázaro R, Solé-Benet A, Domingo F. 2012a. Crust composition and disturbance drive infiltration through biological soil crusts in semiarid ecosystems. Ecosystems, 15: 148–161.
  • Chamizo S, Cantón Y, Rodríguez-Caballero E, Domingo F, Escudero A. 2012b. Runoff at contrasting scales in a semiarid ecosystem, a complex balance between biological soil crust features and rainfall characteristics. J Hydrol, 452: 130–138.
  • Damschen EI, Harrison S, Ackerly DD, Fernandez‐Going BM, Anacker BL. 2012. Endemic plant communities on special soils: early victims or hardy survivors of climate change? J Ecol, 100: 1122-1130.
  • De la Cruz M, Escudero A, Maestre F, Romao RL. 2008. Where do seedlings go? A spatio-temporal analysis of early mortality in a semiarid specialist. Ecography, 31: 1–11.
  • Duvigneaud P, Denaeyer-De Smet SDD. 1966. Accumulation du soufre dans quelques espe‘ces gypsophiles d’Espagne. B Soc Roy Bot Belg, 99: 263–269.
  • Duvigneaud P, Smet, SDD. 1968. Essai de classification chimique (elements mineraux) des plantes gypsicolas du Bassin de l’Ebre. B Soc Roy Bot Belg, 101: 279–291.
  • Duvigneaud P, Smet, SDD. 1973. Considérations sur l’écologie de ´ la nutrition minerale des tapis végétaux naturels. Oecolog Plantar, 8: 219–246.
  • Egea JM, Alonso FL. 1996. Patrones de distribucion en la flora liquénica xerófila del sureste de Espańa. Acta Botánica Malacitana, 21: 35–47.
  • Eldridge D, Bowker MA, Maestre FT, Alonso P, Mau RL, Papadopoulos J, Escudero A. 2010. Interactive effects of three ecosystem engineers on infiltration in a semi-arid Mediterranean grassland. Ecosystems, 13: 499–510.
  • Escudero A, Carnes L, Pérez-García F. 1997. Germination of gypsophytes and gypsovags in semiarid central Spain. J Arid Environ, 36: 487–497.
  • Escudero A, Somolinos RC, Olano JM, Rubio A. 1999. Factors controlling the establishment of Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Dum., an endemic gypsophile of semi-arid Spain. J Ecol, 87: 290–302.
  • Escudero A, Iriondo JM, Olano JM, Rubio A, Somolinos R. 2000. Factors affecting the establishment of a gypsophyte, the case of Lepidium subulatum. Am J Bot, 87: 861–871.
  • Escudero A, Martínez I, de la Cruz A, Otálora MAG, Maestre FT. 2007. Soil lichens have species-specific effects on the seedling emergence of three gypsophile plant species. J Arid Environ, 70: 18–28.
  • Escudero A, Palacio S, Maestre TF, Luzuriaga LA. 2015. Plant life on gypsum: A review of its multiple facets. Biol Rev, 90: 1-18.
  • Freyer D, Voigt W. 2003. Crystallization and phase stability of CaSO4 and CaSO4 – Based salts. Monatsh Chem, 134: 693–719.
  • Gankin R, Major J. 1964. Arctostaphylos myrtifolia, its biology and relationship to the problem of endemism. Ecology, 45: 792–808.
  • Guerrero-Campo J, Alberto F, Hodgson J, García-Ruiz JM, Montserrat-Martí G. 1999a. Plant community patterns in a gypsum area of NE Spain. I. Interactions with topographic factors and soil erosion. J Arid Environ, 41: 401–410.
  • Guerrero-Campo J, Alberto F, Maestro-Martínez M, Hodgson J, Montserrat-Martí G. 1999b. Plant community patterns in a gypsum area of NE Spain. II. Effects of ion washing on topographic distribution of vegetation. J Arid Environ, 41: 411–419.
  • Gutterman Y, Shem-Tov S. 1996. Structure and function of the mucilaginous seed coats of Plantago coronopus inhabiting the Negev Desert of Israel.Isr J Plant Sci, 44: 125–133.
  • Gutterman Y, Shem-Tov S. 1997. The efficiency of the strategy of mucilaginous seeds of some common annuals of the Negev adhering to the soil crust to delay collection by ants. Isr J Plant Sci, 45: 317–327.
  • Herrero J, Porta J. 2000. The terminology and the concepts of gypsum-rich soils. Geoderma, 96: 47–61.
  • Herrero J. 2004. Revisiting the definitions of gypsic and petrogypsic horizons in soil taxonomy and world reference base for soil resources. Geoderma, 120: 1–5.
  • Herrero J, Artieda O, Hudnall WH. 2009. Gypsum, a tricky material. Soil Sci Soc Am J, 73: 1757-1763.
  • Hillerislambers J, Adler PB, Harpole WS, Levine JM, Mayfields MM. 2012. Rethinking community assembly through the lens of coexistence theory. Annu Rev Ecol Evol,43: 227–248.
  • Karahan G, Erşahin S. 2016. Jips: özellikleri, çevresel davranışları ve toprak ıslah maddesi olarak kullanımı. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2: 45-53.
  • Kijjanapanich P, Annachhatre AP, Esposito G, Lens PNL. 2014. Use of organic substrates as electron donors for biological sulfate reduction in gypsiferous mine soils from Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thailand). Chemosphere, 101: 1–7.
  • Luzuriaga AL, Sánchez AM, Maestre FT, Escudero A. 2012. Assemblage of a semi-arid annual plant community, abiotic and biotic filters act hierarchically. Plos One, 7: e41270.
  • Maestre FT, Cortina J. 2003. Small-scale spatial patterns of CO2 efflux in a Mediterranean semiarid steppe. Appl Soil Ecol, 23: 199–209.
  • Maestre FT, Huesca MT, Zaady E, Bautista S, Cortina J. 2002. Infiltration, penetration resistance and microphytic crust composition in contrasted microsites within a Mediterranean semi-arid steppe. Soil Biol Biochem, 34: 895–898.
  • Maestre FT, Bowker MA, Cantón Y, Castillo-Monroy AP, Cortina J, Escolar C, Escudero A, Lázaro R, Martínez I. 2011. Ecology and functional roles of biological soil crusts in semi-arid ecosystems of Spain. J Arid Environ, 75: 1282–1291.
  • Maestre FT, Escolar C, Ladrón de Guevara M, Quero JL, Lázaro R, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Ochoa V, Berdugo M, Gozalo B, Gallardo A. 2013. Changes in biocrust cover drive carbon cycle responses to climate change in drylands. Glob Change Biol, 19: 3835–3847.
  • Martínez-Hernández F, Pérez-García FJ, Garrido-Becerra JA, Mendoza-Fernández AJ, Medina-Cazorla JM, Martínez-Nieto MI, Merlo-Calvente ME, Mota JF. 2011. The distribution of Iberian gypsophilous flora as a criterion for conservation policy. Biodivers Conserv, 20: 1353–1364.
  • Matesanz S, Escudero A, Valladares F. 2008. Additive effects of a potentially invasive grass and water stress on the performance of seedlings of gypsum specialists. Appl Veg Sci, 11: 372–380.
  • Matesanz S, Escudero A, Valladares F. 2009. Influence of three cooccurring global change drivers on the survival, growth, phenology and reproduction of a Mediterranean shrub. Ecology, 90: 2609–2621.
  • Matesanz S, Gianoli E, Valladares F. 2010. Global change and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Year in Evolutionary Biology. Ann Ny Acad Sci, 1206: 35–55.
  • Merlo ME, Gil C, Sola AJ, Jiménez ML, Rodríguez ML, Mota JF. 2009. Can gypsophytes distinguish different types of gypsum habitats? Acta Bot Gallica, 156: 63–78.
  • Meyer SE. 1986. The ecology of gypsophile endemism in the eastern mojave desert. Ecology, 67: 1303-1313.
  • Meyer S, García-Moya E. 1989. Plant community patterns and soils moisture regime in gypsum grasslands of north central Mexico. J Arid Environ, 16: 147–155.
  • Meyer SE, García-Moya E, Lagunes-Espinoza LC. 1992. Topographic and soil surface effects on gypsophile plant community patterns in central Mexico. J Veg Sci, 3: 429–438.
  • Moore MJ, Jansen RK. 2007. Origins and biogeography of gypsophily in the Chihuahuan Desert plant group Tiquilia subg. Eddya (Boraginaceae). Syst Bot, 32: 392–414.
  • Mota JF, Sola AJ, Jiménez-Sánchez ML, Pérez-García FJ, Merlo ME. 2004. Gypsicolous flora, conservation and restoration of quarries in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Bıodivers Conserv, 13: 1797–1808.
  • Moore MJ, Mota JF, Douglas NA, Olvera HF, Ochoterena H. 2014. The ecology, assembly and evolution of gypsophile floras. In: N Rajakaruna, RS Boyd, T Harris, editors. Plant ecology and evolution in harsh environments, UK: Nova Science Pub Inc; p. 97-128.
  • Mota JF, Garrido-Becerra JA, Merlo ME, Medina-Cazorla JM, Sánchez-Gómez P. 2017. The edaphism: gypsum, dolomite and serpentine flora and vegetation. In: Loidi J, editor. The vegetation of the Iberian Peninsula. New York: Springer, Cham. Inc; p. 277-354.
  • Olano JM, Caballero I, Escudero A. 2012. Soil seed bank recovery occurs more rapidly than expected in semi-arid Mediterranean gypsum vegetation. Ann Bot-London, 109: 299–307.
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  • Özdeniz E, Bölükbaşı A, Kurt L, Özbey BG. 2016. Jipsofil Bitkilerin Ekolojisi. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Dergisi, 4: 57 – 62. Parsons RF. 1976. Gypsophily in plants: a review. Am Midl Nat, 96: 1–20.
  • Palacio S, Montserrat-Martí G. 2005. Bud morphology and shoot growth dynamics in two species of Mediterranean sub shrubs co-existing in gypsum outcrops. Ann Bot-London, 95: 949–958.
  • Palacio S, Millard P, Montserrat-Martí G. 2006. Aboveground biomass allocation patterns within Mediterranean sub-shrubs: a quantitative analysis of seasonal dimorphism. Flora, 201: 612–622.
  • Palacio S, Escudero A, Montserrat-Marti G, Maestro M, Milla R, Albert MJ, 2007a. Plants Living on Gypsum: Beyond the Specialist Model. Ann Bot-London, 99: 333–343.
  • Palacio S, Maestro M, Montserrat-Martí G. 2007b. Relationship between shoot-rooting and root-sprouting abilities and the carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves of Mediterranean dwarf shrubs. Ann Bot-London, 100: 865–874.
  • Pérez-García FJ, Akhani H, Parsons RF, Silcock JL, Kurt L, Özdeniz E, Spampinato, G, Musarella CM, Salmerón-Sánchez E, Sola F, Merlo ME, Martínez-Hernández F, Mendoza-Fernández AJ, Garrido-Becerra JA, Mota JF. 2018. A first inventory of gypsum flora in the Palearctic and Australia. Mediterranean Botany, 39: 35-49.
  • Pueyo Y, Alados CL, Maestro M, Komac B. 2007. Gypsophile vegetation patterns under a range of soil properties induced by topographical position. Plant Ecol, 189: 301–311.
  • Pueyo Y, Alados CL, Barrantes O, Komac B, Rietrerk M. 2008. Differences in gypsum plant communities associated with habitat fragmentation and livestock grazing. Ecol Appl, 18: 954–964.
  • Rabizadeh F, Zare-Maivan H, Kazempour S. 2017. Endemic gypsophytes composition delimitated by soil properties and altitude from calciphytes and halophytes in the South- Central Alborz Ranges. Nord J Bot,https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01568.
  • Romao R, Escudero A. 2005. Gypsum physical soil surface crusts and the existence of gypsophytes in semi-arid central Spain. Plant Ecol, 181: 1–11.
  • Ruiz JM, Lopez-Cantarero I, Rivero RM, Romero L. 2003. Sulphur phytoaccumulation in plant species characteristics of gypsipherous soils. Int J Phytoremediat, 5: 203–210.
  • Shainberg I, Sumner ME, Miller WP, Farina MPW, Pavan MA, Fey MY. 1989. Use of gypsum on soils: A review, In: Stewart BA, editor. Advances in Soil Science, New York: Springer-Verlag Inc; p. 1-111.
  • Soliveres S, Desoto L, Maestre FT, Olano JM. 2010. Spatio-temporal heterogeneity in abiotic factors can modulate multiple ontogenetic shifts between competition and facilitation. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12: 227–234.
  • Sosa V, De-Nova JA. 2012. Endemic angiosperm lineages in México, hotspots for conservation. Acta Bot Mex, 100: 293–315.
  • Verheye WH, Boyadgiev TG. 1997. Evalvating the land use patential of gypsiferous soils from field pedogenic characteristics. Soil Use Manage, 13: 97-103.
  • Zaady E, Gutterman Y, Boeken B. 1997. The germination of mucilaginous seeds of Plantago coronopus, Reboudia pinnata and Carrichtera annua on cyanobacterial soil crust from the Negev Desert. Plant Soil, 190: 247–252.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Reviews
Yazarlar

Ayşegül Çaycı Bu kişi benim

Erkan Yalçın

Adnan Akçin Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çaycı, A., Yalçın, E., & Akçin, A. (2018). JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 1(3), 114-124.
AMA Çaycı A, Yalçın E, Akçin A. JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ. BSJ Eng. Sci. Temmuz 2018;1(3):114-124.
Chicago Çaycı, Ayşegül, Erkan Yalçın, ve Adnan Akçin. “JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 1, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2018): 114-24.
EndNote Çaycı A, Yalçın E, Akçin A (01 Temmuz 2018) JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 1 3 114–124.
IEEE A. Çaycı, E. Yalçın, ve A. Akçin, “JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ”, BSJ Eng. Sci., c. 1, sy. 3, ss. 114–124, 2018.
ISNAD Çaycı, Ayşegül vd. “JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 1/3 (Temmuz 2018), 114-124.
JAMA Çaycı A, Yalçın E, Akçin A. JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2018;1:114–124.
MLA Çaycı, Ayşegül vd. “JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, c. 1, sy. 3, 2018, ss. 114-2.
Vancouver Çaycı A, Yalçın E, Akçin A. JİPSLİ TOPRAKLARDA YAŞAYAN BİTKİLERDE ADAPTASYON MEKANİZMALARI VE KOMÜNİTE DAĞILIŞINA ETKİLERİ. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2018;1(3):114-2.
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