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Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 649 - 653, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1464890

Öz

Shilajit (Mumio) is a complex of natural bioactive compounds that has historically been used as a therapeutic cream for many skin diseases. It is also used in traditional medicine for diseases such as diabetes Alzheimer's and cancer. In this study, to determine the polyphenolic content of Shilajit, ultrasound assisted extracts (UAE) were obtained at 45 °C and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) for the quantitative analysis of ten different polyphenolic compounds. Such a comprehensive content analysis has not been done for Shilajit before. As a result of the experimental study, 28.99±1.23 µg/g rutin, 25.47±1.67 µg/g ferulic acid, 41.49±0.41 µg/g resveratrol and 532.19±8.21 µg/g taxifolin was determined. In this study, 532.19±8.21 µg/g of taxifolin, which is found to be very effective against many diseases in the literature, is a very high value compared to the literature. The results of this research will shed an important light to researchers working in the fields of extraction of bioactive substances, food supplement production and pharmaceutical applications.

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın tüm süreçlerinin araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun olduğunu, etik kurallara ve bilimsel atıf gösterme ilkelerine uyduğumu beyan ederim.

Destekleyen Kurum

Gazi Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

Grant numbers: FGA-2023-8160 and 06/2016-11

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmaya katkılarından dolayı Prof. Dr. Metin GÜRÜ ve Cem TAŞDEMİR'e canı gönülden teşekkür ederim.

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal SP, Khanna R, Karmarkar R, Anwer MK, Khar RK. 2007. Shilajit: a review. Phytother Res, 21(5): 401-405.
  • Aiello A, Fattorusso E, Menna M, Vitalone R, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. 2011. Mumijo traditional medicine: fossil deposits from antarctica (chemical composition and beneficial bioactivity). Altern Med EC, 2011: 738131.
  • Carrasco-Gallardo C, Guzmán L, Maccioni RB. 2012. Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis, 2012: 254235..
  • Chung KT, Wong TY, Wei CI, Huang YW, Lin Y. 1998. Tannins and human health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 38(6): 421-464.
  • Cornejo A, Jiménez JM, Caballero L, Melo F, Maccioni RB. 2011. Fulvic acid inhibits aggregation and promotes disassembly of tau fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 27(1): 143-153.
  • Fan EG, Lin S, Du DL, Jia YJ, Kang L, Zhang K. 2011. Current separative strategies used for resveratrol determination from natural sources. Anal Methods, 3(11): 2454-2462.
  • Ghoreishi S, Hedayati A, Mohammadi S. 2016. Optimization of periodic static-dynamic supercritical CO2 extraction of taxifolin from pinus nigra bark with ethanol as entrainer. J Supercrit Fluids, 113: 53-60.
  • Ghosal S, Lal J, Singh SK, Goel RK, Jaiswal AK, Bhattacharya SK. 1991. The need for formulation of shilajit by its isolated active constituents. Phytother Res, 5(5): 211-216.
  • Ghosal S, Singh S. K, Kumar Y, Srivastava R, Goel RK, Dey R, Bhattacharya SK. 1988. Anti‐ulcerogenic activity of fulvic acids and 4′‐methoxy‐6‐carbomethoxybiphenyl isolated from shilajit. Phytother Res, 2(4): 187-191.
  • Kamgar E, Kaykhaii M, Zembrzuska J. 2023. A comprehensive review on Shilajit: what we know about its chemical composition. Crit Rev Anal Chem, 1-13.
  • Kloskowski T, Szeliski K, Krzeszowiak K, Fekner Z, Kazimierski L, Jundzill A, Pokrywczynska M. 2021. Mumio (Shilajit) as a potential chemotherapeutic for the urinary bladder cancer treatment. Sci Rep, 11(1).
  • Mahian RA, Sani AM. 2016. Essential oils in food systems: A systemic review. Int J PharmTech Res, 9(6): 409-416.
  • Nijveldt RJ, van Nood E, van Hoorn DEC, Boelens PG, van Norren K, van Leeuwen PAM. 2001. Flavonoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. Am J Clin Nutr, 74(4): 418-425.
  • Nuralin L, Gürü M. 2022. Berberis vulgaris fruit: determination of phenolic compounds in extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 and soxhlet methods using HPLC. Food Anal Methods, 15(4): 877-889.
  • Nuralın L. 2024. Investigation of ziziphus jujube seeds as a new source of taxifolin and silibinin with three different extraction methods. Microchem J, 198 110137.
  • Pandit S, Biswas S, Jana U, De RK, Mukhopadhyay SC, Biswas TK. 2016. Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers. Andrologia, 48(5) 570-575.
  • Pravin C Sunayana R. 2022. Shilajit: a wonder drug of Ayurveda. World J Pharm Med Res, 8(4): 125-127.
  • Purgatorio R, Boccarelli A, Pisani L, de Candia M, Catto M, Altomare CD. 2024. A critical appraisal of the protective activity of polyphenolic antioxidants against iatrogenic effects of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Antioxidants, 13(1).
  • Rhiger M. 2013. Adaptogens in medical herbalism: elite herbs and natural compounds for mastering stress aging and chronic disease: Simon and Schuster. Libr J, 138(20): 117-118.
  • Routray W, Orsat V. 2012. Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids: a review. Food Bioprocess Technol, 5(2): 409-424.
  • Schepetkin IA, Xie G, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. 2009. Complement‐fixing activity of fulvic acid from Shilajit and other natural sources. Phytother Res, 23(3): 373-384.
  • Tapia-Quirós P, Montenegro-Landívar MF, Reig M, Vecino X, Cortina JL, Saurina J Granados M. 2022. Recovery of polyphenols from agri-food by-products: the olive oil and winery industries cases. Foods, 11(3): 362.
  • Tran N, Pham B, Le L. 2020. Bioactive compounds in anti-diabetic plants: from herbal medicine to modern drug discovery. Biol (Basel), 9(9): 252.

Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 649 - 653, 15.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1464890

Öz

Shilajit (Mumio) is a complex of natural bioactive compounds that has historically been used as a therapeutic cream for many skin diseases. It is also used in traditional medicine for diseases such as diabetes Alzheimer's and cancer. In this study, to determine the polyphenolic content of Shilajit, ultrasound assisted extracts (UAE) were obtained at 45 °C and analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) for the quantitative analysis of ten different polyphenolic compounds. Such a comprehensive content analysis has not been done for Shilajit before. As a result of the experimental study, 28.99±1.23 µg/g rutin, 25.47±1.67 µg/g ferulic acid, 41.49±0.41 µg/g resveratrol and 532.19±8.21 µg/g taxifolin was determined. In this study, 532.19±8.21 µg/g of taxifolin, which is found to be very effective against many diseases in the literature, is a very high value compared to the literature. The results of this research will shed an important light to researchers working in the fields of extraction of bioactive substances, food supplement production and pharmaceutical applications.

Proje Numarası

Grant numbers: FGA-2023-8160 and 06/2016-11

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal SP, Khanna R, Karmarkar R, Anwer MK, Khar RK. 2007. Shilajit: a review. Phytother Res, 21(5): 401-405.
  • Aiello A, Fattorusso E, Menna M, Vitalone R, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. 2011. Mumijo traditional medicine: fossil deposits from antarctica (chemical composition and beneficial bioactivity). Altern Med EC, 2011: 738131.
  • Carrasco-Gallardo C, Guzmán L, Maccioni RB. 2012. Shilajit: a natural phytocomplex with potential procognitive activity. Int J Alzheimers Dis, 2012: 254235..
  • Chung KT, Wong TY, Wei CI, Huang YW, Lin Y. 1998. Tannins and human health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 38(6): 421-464.
  • Cornejo A, Jiménez JM, Caballero L, Melo F, Maccioni RB. 2011. Fulvic acid inhibits aggregation and promotes disassembly of tau fibrils associated with Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis, 27(1): 143-153.
  • Fan EG, Lin S, Du DL, Jia YJ, Kang L, Zhang K. 2011. Current separative strategies used for resveratrol determination from natural sources. Anal Methods, 3(11): 2454-2462.
  • Ghoreishi S, Hedayati A, Mohammadi S. 2016. Optimization of periodic static-dynamic supercritical CO2 extraction of taxifolin from pinus nigra bark with ethanol as entrainer. J Supercrit Fluids, 113: 53-60.
  • Ghosal S, Lal J, Singh SK, Goel RK, Jaiswal AK, Bhattacharya SK. 1991. The need for formulation of shilajit by its isolated active constituents. Phytother Res, 5(5): 211-216.
  • Ghosal S, Singh S. K, Kumar Y, Srivastava R, Goel RK, Dey R, Bhattacharya SK. 1988. Anti‐ulcerogenic activity of fulvic acids and 4′‐methoxy‐6‐carbomethoxybiphenyl isolated from shilajit. Phytother Res, 2(4): 187-191.
  • Kamgar E, Kaykhaii M, Zembrzuska J. 2023. A comprehensive review on Shilajit: what we know about its chemical composition. Crit Rev Anal Chem, 1-13.
  • Kloskowski T, Szeliski K, Krzeszowiak K, Fekner Z, Kazimierski L, Jundzill A, Pokrywczynska M. 2021. Mumio (Shilajit) as a potential chemotherapeutic for the urinary bladder cancer treatment. Sci Rep, 11(1).
  • Mahian RA, Sani AM. 2016. Essential oils in food systems: A systemic review. Int J PharmTech Res, 9(6): 409-416.
  • Nijveldt RJ, van Nood E, van Hoorn DEC, Boelens PG, van Norren K, van Leeuwen PAM. 2001. Flavonoids: a review of probable mechanisms of action and potential applications. Am J Clin Nutr, 74(4): 418-425.
  • Nuralin L, Gürü M. 2022. Berberis vulgaris fruit: determination of phenolic compounds in extracts obtained by supercritical CO2 and soxhlet methods using HPLC. Food Anal Methods, 15(4): 877-889.
  • Nuralın L. 2024. Investigation of ziziphus jujube seeds as a new source of taxifolin and silibinin with three different extraction methods. Microchem J, 198 110137.
  • Pandit S, Biswas S, Jana U, De RK, Mukhopadhyay SC, Biswas TK. 2016. Clinical evaluation of purified Shilajit on testosterone levels in healthy volunteers. Andrologia, 48(5) 570-575.
  • Pravin C Sunayana R. 2022. Shilajit: a wonder drug of Ayurveda. World J Pharm Med Res, 8(4): 125-127.
  • Purgatorio R, Boccarelli A, Pisani L, de Candia M, Catto M, Altomare CD. 2024. A critical appraisal of the protective activity of polyphenolic antioxidants against iatrogenic effects of anticancer chemotherapeutics. Antioxidants, 13(1).
  • Rhiger M. 2013. Adaptogens in medical herbalism: elite herbs and natural compounds for mastering stress aging and chronic disease: Simon and Schuster. Libr J, 138(20): 117-118.
  • Routray W, Orsat V. 2012. Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids: a review. Food Bioprocess Technol, 5(2): 409-424.
  • Schepetkin IA, Xie G, Jutila MA, Quinn MT. 2009. Complement‐fixing activity of fulvic acid from Shilajit and other natural sources. Phytother Res, 23(3): 373-384.
  • Tapia-Quirós P, Montenegro-Landívar MF, Reig M, Vecino X, Cortina JL, Saurina J Granados M. 2022. Recovery of polyphenols from agri-food by-products: the olive oil and winery industries cases. Foods, 11(3): 362.
  • Tran N, Pham B, Le L. 2020. Bioactive compounds in anti-diabetic plants: from herbal medicine to modern drug discovery. Biol (Basel), 9(9): 252.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ayırma İşlemleri
Bölüm Research Articles
Yazarlar

Levent Nuralın 0000-0003-4811-6048

Proje Numarası Grant numbers: FGA-2023-8160 and 06/2016-11
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Temmuz 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 4 Nisan 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Nuralın, L. (2024). Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 7(4), 649-653. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1464890
AMA Nuralın L. Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis. BSJ Eng. Sci. Temmuz 2024;7(4):649-653. doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1464890
Chicago Nuralın, Levent. “Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7, sy. 4 (Temmuz 2024): 649-53. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1464890.
EndNote Nuralın L (01 Temmuz 2024) Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7 4 649–653.
IEEE L. Nuralın, “Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis”, BSJ Eng. Sci., c. 7, sy. 4, ss. 649–653, 2024, doi: 10.34248/bsengineering.1464890.
ISNAD Nuralın, Levent. “Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science 7/4 (Temmuz 2024), 649-653. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.1464890.
JAMA Nuralın L. Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7:649–653.
MLA Nuralın, Levent. “Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis”. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, c. 7, sy. 4, 2024, ss. 649-53, doi:10.34248/bsengineering.1464890.
Vancouver Nuralın L. Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis. BSJ Eng. Sci. 2024;7(4):649-53.

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