Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) Method and Investigation of Mechanical Properties for Different Materials

Öz

The additive manufacturing method has been developed and continues to be investigated as an alternative to conventional manufacturing methods. This method is based on part production from 3D computer aided software. Additive manufacturing, also called a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, is divided into two sections as powder and wire according to the type of used material. Powder-based system, the powder accumulated on the metal substrate; parts are produced by melting or sintering them with electron, laser, or arc heat source. In wire-based system, the method of melting and depositing the wire material using MIG / MAG, TIG or plasma welding systems is used. In this study, Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) method is explained and classified according to the type of heat source. This method has become an important research topic for the industry with its advantages, such as reductions in production time, production close to net shape and cheapness of wire raw material compared to powder. In this study, research about stainless steel, aluminium, nickel super alloys, magnesium, and Ti6Al4V alloys which are used commercially in industry were reviewed. Mechanical properties were compared with traditional manufacturing methods such as casting and forging. It has been noted that the cooling conditions for steel alloys are important for mechanical properties obtained in the productions. It has been determined for aluminium alloys that the processes performed during or after production (rolling, forging, etc.) positively affect mechanical properties. In addition, it has been seen that the desired mechanical properties can be achieved for Ti6Al4V alloys.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
• Stainless steel
• Aluminum
• Magnesium
• Ti6Al4V

Tel Ark Katmanlı İmalat (TAKİ) Yöntemi ve Farklı Malzemelerde Mekanik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Katmanlı (eklemeli) imalat yöntemi geleneksel imalat yöntemlerine alternatif olarak geliştirilmiş ve araştırılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu yöntem, üç boyutlu bilgisayar destekli yazılımlardan doğrudan parça üretimi temeline dayanmaktadır. Üç boyutlu (3D) yazıcı olarak da adlandırılan katmanlı imalat, kullanılan metal malzeme türüne göre toz ve tel olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Toz esaslı sistemde metal altlık üzerine biriktirilen tozların; elektron, lazer veya ark ısı kaynağı ile ergitilmesi veya sinterlenmesi ile parça üretilmektedir. Tel esaslı sistemde ise, MIG/MAG, TIG veya plazma kaynak sistemleri kullanılarak tel malzemenin ergitilmesi ve üst üste biriktirilmesi yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Tel ark katmanlı imalat (TAKİ) yöntemi açıklanarak kullanılan ısı kaynağına göre sınıflandırılması yapılmıştır. Yöntem, üretim zamanında sağladığı azalmalar, net şekle yakın üretim sağlaması ve tel hammaddenin toza göre ucuz olması gibi avantajları ile endüstri için önemli araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, sanayide ticari olarak kullanılan paslanmaz çelik, alüminyum, nikel süper alaşımları, magnezyum ve Ti6Al4V alaşımları için yapılan araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Mekanik özellikleri döküm-dövme gibi geleneksel imalat yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan üretimler ile elde edilen mekanik özelliklerde çelik alaşımları için soğuma şartlarının önemli olduğu ancak geleneksel imalat yöntemleriyle elde edilen değerlerin karşılanabileceği not edilmiştir. Alüminyum alaşımlarında üretimde veya sonrasında yapılan işlemlerin(hadde, dövme vb.) mekanik özelliklerin gelişmesini olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Ti6Al4V alaşımları için yapılan üretimlerde istenilen mekanik özelliklerin yeterli seviyede sağlanabileceği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tel ark katmanlı imalat(TAKİ)
• Paslanmaz çelik
• Alüminyum
• magnezyum
• Ti6Al4V

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