Araştırma Makalesi

Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors

Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 29 Kasım 2024
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Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors

Öz

The exposure to Pb-Cd during pregnancy has negative effects on both the mother and the baby. Karabuk province, which is the center of the iron and steel industry, is a region with a high risk of Pb-Cd exposure. This study was designed to determine the levels of lead and cadmium in maternal blood samples and the factors influencing them. After the ethical committee approval from Karabük Training and Research Hospital Ethical Committee, descriptive and analytical analyses were started on the blood samples collected from 100 pregnant women in their third trimester with the childbirth between 01.09.2018-01.09.2019 in Karabük Training and Research Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic. The study, conducted in a descriptive and analytical manner, utilized a 32-question survey form prepared by the researchers and venous blood samples collected simultaneously. For the Pb-Cd analysis, a 3 ml venous blood sample was obtained from pregnant women using a sterile syringe into hemogram tubes with purple caps containing Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The collected samples were preserved in a -20°C refrigerator immediately after labeling and were kept until they were taken for analysis. Maternal blood samples were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) Graphite System method. According to the analysis results, the mean maternal blood Pb levels of pregnant women with an average age of 28.3±5.37 were found to be 0.89±0.22 μg/dl, and Cd levels were 0.26±0.07 μg/dl. Maternal blood Pb-Cd levels were compared each other according to five parameters which are socio-demographic aspect, obstetrical variables, location characteristics, dietary history, and cosmetic use. Based on these parameters any statistically significant results were obtained. However, blood lead levels were significantly different in pregnant women who smoked (p=0.001) and were exposed to secondhand smoke (p<0.05) compared to non-smokers and those not exposed to secondhand smoke. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in blood Cd levels with respect to exposure to secondhand smoke (p>0.05). Since exposure to Pb-Cd is not a short-term exposure, but rather long-term exposure to low concentrations in daily life, and because their half-lives are long-term. These results obtained from this study can shed light on future studies which aimed to determine the effect of long- term exposure of heavy metals on pregnant women and infants.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Karabuk university

Proje Numarası

KBÜBAP-18-YL-178

Etik Beyan

The study obtained ethical approval from the non-ınterventional ethics committee of Karabuk University (Approval Number: 4/7, Date: 04.07.2018).

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under the project code "KBÜBAP-18-YL-178". We would like to express our gratitude to the Karabuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit and the healthcare professionals working at the Karabuk Training and Research Hospital who provided assistance during the project.

Kaynakça

  1. Sağlam, N., & Cihangir, N. (1995). Ağır metallerin biyolojik süreçlerle biyosorbisyonu çalışmaları. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 11(11):157-161.
  2. Asri, F.Ö., Sönmez, S., & Çıtak, S. (2007). Kadmiyumun çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri. Derim. 24(1):32-39.
  3. Hu, H. (2000). Exposure to metals. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 27:983-996.
  4. Webb, D., & Gagnon, M.M. (2002). Biomarkers of exposure in fish inhabiting the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia-a preliminary study. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery. 9(4):259-269.
  5. Köse, L. (2005). Sıçan Wistar albino Merkezi Sinir Sisteminde Total Lipid ve Protein Miktarı Üzerine Kadmiyum Sülfatın CdSO4 Etkisi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Samsun.
  6. Pandey, G., & Madhuri, S. (2014). Heavy metals causing toxicity in animals and fishes. Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences, 2(2):17-23.
  7. Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., & Timur, S. (2003). Metallerin çevresel etkileri-I. Metalurji Dergisi. 136:47-53.
  8. Omaye, S.T. (2004). Food and Nutritional Toxicology. CRC Press, New York.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Sistem Biyolojisi, Yapısal Biyoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

29 Kasım 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

13 Eylül 2023

Kabul Tarihi

4 Aralık 2023

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Altuner, Y., Ömür, Y., & Onur, S. (2024). Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 255-269. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.1358233
AMA
1.Altuner Y, Ömür Y, Onur S. Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;11(2):255-269. doi:10.35193/bseufbd.1358233
Chicago
Altuner, Yılmaz, Yeşim Ömür, ve Suzan Onur. 2024. “Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors”. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11 (2): 255-69. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.1358233.
EndNote
Altuner Y, Ömür Y, Onur S (01 Kasım 2024) Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11 2 255–269.
IEEE
[1]Y. Altuner, Y. Ömür, ve S. Onur, “Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors”, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy 2, ss. 255–269, Kas. 2024, doi: 10.35193/bseufbd.1358233.
ISNAD
Altuner, Yılmaz - Ömür, Yeşim - Onur, Suzan. “Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors”. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11/2 (01 Kasım 2024): 255-269. https://doi.org/10.35193/bseufbd.1358233.
JAMA
1.Altuner Y, Ömür Y, Onur S. Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2024;11:255–269.
MLA
Altuner, Yılmaz, vd. “Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors”. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 11, sy 2, Kasım 2024, ss. 255-69, doi:10.35193/bseufbd.1358233.
Vancouver
1.Yılmaz Altuner, Yeşim Ömür, Suzan Onur. Pb-Cd in Maternal Blood and Affecting Factors. Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 01 Kasım 2024;11(2):255-69. doi:10.35193/bseufbd.1358233