Dinamik Titreşim Emici Sistem Tasarımı ve Enerji Hasadı Uygulaması

Öz

Dinamik titreşim emiciler mekanik sistemlerde titreşimleri ortadan kaldırmak veya daha düşük bir seviyeye getirmek için kullanılan pasif titreşim kontrol cihazlarıdır. Titreşim mühendislik uygulamalarında genellikle istenmeyen durum olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bir yapının ya da makinenin performansı ve dayanıklılığı üzerine doğrudan etkisi olan mekanik titreşimlerin aktif ya da pasif yöntemler ile bastırılması gerekmektedir. Dinamik titreşim emici cihazlar, titreşen bir yapının üzerine eklenerek asıl yapı üzerindeki titreşimleri sönümleler. Eklenen cihazın doğal frekansı titreşen asıl yapının doğal frekansı yakınlarında olacak şekilde seçilmektedir. Asıl sistemin üzerindeki titreşimler bastırılarak eklenen yeni kütlenin üzerine aktarılmış olur. Burada ayrıca sistemin serbestlik derecesi de eklenen yapı sayesinde arttırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada eklenen kütlenin maruz kaldığı mekanik titreşimlerin faydalı enerjiye dönüşmesi adına bir enerji hasadı uygulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel olarak kurulan bir dinamik titreşim emici düzeneğinde elektromanyetik enerji hasadı yöntemi sunulmaktadır. Sistemde eklenen kütlede oluşan mekanik titreşimler ile indüklenen bir bobin üzerinden sabit mıknatıs yapısı yardımı ile gerilim üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğal frekansı 3.58 [Hz] olarak tespit edilen sisteme asıl sisteme kendi frekansına yakın olacak şekilde (3.60 [Hz]) ikincil bir sistem eklenerek deneysel çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalar sonucunda rezonans frekansında tahrik edilen sistemin üzerindeki titreşimin dinamik titreşim emici yardımı ile bastırıldığı ve bu işlem sırasında eklenen kütle üzerinde oluşan titreşimlerinde faydalı enerjiye dönüştürme adına enerji hasadı uygulamasının gerçekleştirildiği gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dinamik titreşim emici
• Enerji hasadı
• Mekanik titreşimler
• Sistem tasarımı.

Dynamic Vibration Absorber System Design and Energy Harvesting Application

Öz

Dynamic vibration absorbers are passive vibration control devices used in mechanical systems to eliminate or reduce vibrations to a lower level. In vibration engineering applications, vibrations are generally considered undesirable. Vibrations, which directly affect the performance and durability of a structure or machine, need to be suppressed using active or passive methods. Dynamic vibration absorber devices are added to a vibrating structure to dampen the vibrations on the main structure. The natural frequency of the added device is chosen to be close to the natural frequency of the vibrating main structure. The vibrations on the main system are suppressed and transferred onto the newly added mass. Additionally, the degree of freedom of the system is increased due to the added structure. In this study, an energy harvesting application was carried out to convert the mechanical vibrations experienced by the added mass into useful energy. An electromagnetic energy harvesting method is presented in an experimental dynamic vibration absorber setup. Voltage generation was achieved via a coil induced by mechanical vibrations in the added mass with the help of a permanent magnet structure. An experimental study was conducted by adding a secondary system to the original system, which had a natural frequency of 3.58 [Hz]. The secondary system was designed with a frequency close to the original system's frequency, at 3.60 [Hz]. Experimental studies showed that the vibrations on the system driven at the resonance frequency were suppressed with the help of the dynamic vibration absorber, and during this process, an energy harvesting application was carried out to convert the vibrations on the added mass into useful energy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dynamic vibration absorber
• Energy harvesting
• Mechanical vibrations
• System design

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