Development of Natural, Edible Colorimetric Smart Label

Öz

Smart labels are developed using chemicals that respond to gases and pH changes emitted during food spoilage. When food deteriorates, different gases are released, and the pH of the surrounding environment changes. By utilizing pH-responsive (colorimetric) indicator materials, smart labels can be designed. It is essential that the indicator used is derived from natural sources or is non-toxic, as it must be safe for direct contact with food. Natural pH-responsive indicators, such as red cabbage, red beet, black carrot, onion skin, ginger, and saffron, are among the available options. The aim of this study was to develop an ink containing black carrot as an indicator and apply it to smart packaging. To achieve this, the active compounds from black carrot were extracted using ethanol and distilled water. The resulting coloured mixtures were processed into solid indicator dye materials. The chemical structure of the produced indicator dye was determined using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The color-changing behavior of the indicator dye at different pH values was examined both visually and through UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ink formulations incorporating the produced indicator dye and starch were prepared and applied to filter paper using the screen printing method. The color changes of the resulting labels were analyzed colorimetrically using a spectrophotometer for both fresh and spoiled chicken. The ΔE (color difference) value of 29, according to ISO 12647, indicated that the two colors were visually distinct. The prints, initially pink before spoilage, turned blue-purple by the fifth day, corresponding with the spoilage of the chicken. These spectral measurement results support the conclusion that black carrot can be used as an effective indicator for poultry spoilage in smart labels.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Smart label
• Black carrot
• Colorimetric
• Printability
• Natural colorant

Doğal İçerikli, Yenilebilir Kolorimetrik Akıllı Etiket Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Akıllı etiketler, gıda bozulması sırasında salınan gazlar ve ortam pH değişimlerine tepki veren kimyasal maddeler kullanılarak üretilmektedir. Gıdalar bozulduğunda, yapılarından farklı gazlar salınır ve ortam pH değeri değişir. Farklı pH değerlerine tepki vererek renk değiştiren (kolorimetrik) indikatör malzemelerin kullanılmasıyla akıllı etiketler tasarlanabilir. Kullanılan indikatörün doğal kaynaklı olması veya sağlığa zararsız olması, gıda ile doğrudan temas açısından önemli bir husustur. Doğal içerikli ve farklı pH değerlerinde tepki veren indikatörler arasında kırmızı lahana, kırmızı pancar, siyah havuç, soğan kabuğu, zencefil ve safran yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, siyah havuç kullanarak bir indikatör mürekkep üretmek ve bu mürekkebi akıllı ambalaj sistemlerinde kullanmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, siyah havucun etken maddesi etil alkol ve saf su ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. Elde edilen renkli karışımlardan katı indikatör boyar maddeleri üretilmiştir. Üretilen indikatör boyar maddenin kimyasal yapısı ATR-FTIR spektrum analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Üretilen indikatör boyar maddelerin farklı pH değerlerinde gösterdiği renk değişimi, hem görsel olarak hem de UV-Vis spektroskopisi ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, üretilen indikatör boyar maddeler ve nişasta içeren mürekkep formülasyonları hazırlanarak, süzgeç kağıdı üzerine serigrafi baskı yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen etiketlerin taze ve bozulmuş tavuk ile yaptığı renk değişimleri, kolorimetrik olarak spektrofotometre ile analiz edilmiştir. ISO 12647 standardına göre, ΔE (renk farkı) değerinin 29 olduğu belirlenmiş ve bu, iki rengin görsel olarak farklı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bozulmadan önce pembe olan baskılar, tavuğun bozulması ile birlikte beşinci günün sonunda mavi-mor renge dönüşmüş, bu da spektrofotometrik ölçüm sonuçlarıyla desteklenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, siyah havuç boyar maddesinin, tavuk bozulmasını izlemek amacıyla akıllı etiketlerde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akıllı etiket
• Siyah havuç
• Kolorimetrik
• Basılabilirlik
• Doğal renklendirici

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