Tıbbi Açıdan Önemli Bir Bitki Olan Asparagus officinalis L. Hakkında Derleme

Öz

Asparagus olarak isimlendirilen ve genel olarak otsu, çok yıllık ve yüksek ekonomik değere sahip türler barındıran bu cins ortalama 200 tür ile temsil edilmektedir. Asparagus officinalis L. bitkisi diploid 2n=20 kromozomlu, monokotiledon, çift evcikli (dioik) bir bitkidir. Toprak altı kısmında pençe veya taç olarak bilinen rizomlar içerir. Her bir pençenin üst kısmında bulunan tomurcuklardan yukarıya doğru yumuşak sürgünler oluşur. Sürgün (mızrak) denilen bu kısım tüketimde asıl kullanılan parçadır. Sürgünler toprak yüzeyine çıkmadan önce beyaz renktedir, güneş ışığına maruz kalınca yeşil renge dönmektedir. Kuşkonmaz iklim istekleri bakımından seçici bir sebze değildir. Hasat zamanı havanın az yağışlı veya yağışsız geçmesi tercih edilir. Kuşkonmaz bitkisinin yetiştirildiği toprağın drenajının iyi olması, taşlı olmaması ve geçirimsiz tabakanın bulunmaması gerekmektedir. Bitkinin verimi üçüncü ve dördüncü yıllarda artmakta, dördüncü ve onuncu yıllar arasında sabit ve en yüksek seviyeye ulaşarak ekonomik olarak iyi bir gelir elde edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Onuncu yıldan sonra verimde düşüşler görülse de beş yıl kadar daha gelir elde edilebilmektedir. Kuşkonmaz fenolik bileşenler (flavonid, fenolik asit, hidroksisinnamik asit), saponin, sterol, kükürt içeren bileşenler, karotenoidler, fruktooligosakkaritler içermektedir. Rutin, kuşkonmazdaki fenolik bileşiklerin %60-80'ini oluşturan başlıca flavonoiddir. Saponinler ve fruktanlar tümör oluşumunu engelleyici olarak rol oynamakta ve kabızlık ve ishal gibi rahatsızlıkların yanında obezite, kardiyovasküler, romatizma, diyabet riskini azaltmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asparagus Officinalis
• Besin İçeriği
• Fenolik İçerik
• Sürgün

A Review on Asparagus officinalis L: A Medicinally Important Plant

Öz

This genus, called Asparagus, a herbaceous perennial of high economic value and is represented by an average of 200 species. Asparagus officinalis L. is a monocotyledonous, dioecious plant with diploid 2n=20 chromosomes. Its underground part contains rhizomes, which are known as crowns. From the buds at the top of each crown, soft spears form and grow upward. These spears, also called shoots, are main part used for consumption. The shoots are white in color before emerging from the soil surface and turn green when exposed to sunlight. Asparagus has relatively flexible climate requirements. However, during harvest, minimal or no rainfall is preferred. The soil should have good drainage, be free from stones, and lack any impermeable layers. The yield of the plant increases in the third and fourth years, then remains relatively constant and highest between the fourth and tenth years, which provides good economic returns. After the tenth year, the yield begins to decrease, but plants can still be harvested profitably five years. Asparagus contains phenolic compounds (including flavonides, phenolic acid, hydroxycinnamic acid), saponins, sterols, sulfur-containing compounds, and carotenoids, fructooligosaccharides. Rutin is the major flavonoid, accounting for 60-80% of the phenolic compounds. Saponin and fructans play roles in inhibiting tumor formation and may reduce the risk of obesity, cardiovascular disorders, rheumatism, diabetes, constipation and diarrhea.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asparagus Officinalis
• Nutrient Content
• Phenolic Content
• Spear

Kaynakça

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