İklim Değişikliği ve Bitki Mikrobiyotası Etkileşimi: Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Örneği

Öz

İklim değişikliği, dünya genelinde tarımsal üretimi ve gıda güvenliğini tehdit eden başlıca çevresel sorunlardan biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Artan sıcaklıklar, değişken yağış rejimleri ve yükselen atmosferik CO₂ düzeyleri gibi iklimsel faktörler, rizosfer mikrobiyotasının bileşimini ve işlevselliğini önemli ölçüde etkileyerek simbiyotik ilişkilerin zayıflamasına, patojen yoğunluğunun artmasına ve mikrobiyal çeşitliliğin azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum ve Trichoderma gibi bitki büyümesini teşvik eden mikroorganizmaların rizosferdeki işlevleri ile tarımsal stres koşullarındaki rolleri ele alınmıştır. Mikrobiyal inokulantların, özellikle kuraklık ve sıcaklık stresi altındaki buğday üretiminde bitki performansını artırma açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğu değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca kontrollü çevre koşullarında yürütülen deneysel çalışmalar ve çoklu-omik teknolojiler, mikrobiyota yapılarının ve işlevsel profillerinin iklim değişikliğine karşı duyarlılığını ve olası adaptasyon mekanizmalarını ortaya koymada önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. İklim değişikliğine dayanıklı tarım sistemlerinin geliştirilmesinde rizosfer mikrobiyotası stratejik bir biyolojik unsur olarak değerlendirilmeli; yerel mikroorganizma-toprak-bitki etkileşimlerine dayalı mikrobiyom temelli yaklaşımlar sürdürülebilirlik ve verimlilik hedefleri doğrultusunda yaygınlaştırılmalıdır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada, iklim değişikliğine duyarlılığı ve mikrobiyota ile olan etkileşimleri bakımından stratejik öneme sahip olan buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) ile rizosfer mikrobiyotası arasındaki etkileşim incelenmiş ve mikrobiyota temelli adaptasyon stratejileri değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim
• Buğday
• Mikrobiyota
• Rizosfer
• Adaptasyon

Climate Change and Plant Microbiota Interaction: The Case of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Öz

Climate change has emerged as one of the major environmental challenges threatening agricultural production and global food security. Climatic factors, such as rising temperatures, variable precipitation regimes, and elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels, significantly influence the composition and functionality of the rhizosphere microbiota, leading to weakened symbiotic interactions, increased pathogen prevalence, and reduced microbial diversity. Accordingly, this study focuses on the functions of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, and Trichoderma, within the rhizosphere, as well as their roles under agricultural stress conditions. Microbial inoculants hold considerable potential to enhance plant performance, particularly under drought and heat stress in wheat cultivation. Moreover, multi-omics technologies and experimental studies conducted under controlled environmental conditions provide valuable insights into the sensitivity of microbiota composition and functional profiles to climate change, as well as their potential adaptation pathways. In building climate-resilient agricultural systems, the rhizosphere microbiota should be considered a strategic biological lever, and microbiome-based approaches grounded in local microorganism-soil-plant interactions should be scaled to support sustainability and productivity goals. In this context, this research examines the interaction between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a crop of strategic importance due to its sensitivity to climate change and its central role in microbiota interactions, and the rhizosphere microbiota, while also evaluating microbiota-based adaptation strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Climate
• Wheat
• Microbiota
• Rhizosphere
• Adaptation

Kaynakça

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