Deri Üretiminde Sürdürülebilirlik: Hammadde Kaynağından Sertifikasyon Süreçlerine Kapsamlı Bir İnceleme

Öz

Deri üretimi insanlık tarihinin en köklü faaliyetlerinden birisidir ve günümüzde yüzyıllardan beri gelen geleneksel yöntemlerin eşliğinde kimya, biyoteknoloji ve mühendislikle birlikte icra edilen bir yapı göstermektedir. Et ve süt endüstrisinin yıllık 7,3 milyona tona ulaşan atık sayılabilecek bir yan ürünü olan hamderiyi çöpe gitmekten kurtararak değer yaratan bir üretim faaliyetidir. Bu çalışmada mesleki tecrübe ışığında literatürle birlikte hammadde olarak farklı bir sektörün yan ürününü kullanmasıyla sürdürülebilirlik anlamında temel koşulu sağlayan deri üretim sektörünün döngüsel ekonomideki önemi, kimyasal ve mekanik üretim sürecindeki sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili alternatif teknolojiler ve hususlarla birlikte ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca günümüzde öne çıkan sürdürülebilirlik faaliyetlerinin belgelendirilmesi konusu da çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada hamderinin sürdürülebilir bir hammadde olduğu, mamul deriye dönüştürülmesinde kullanılan yaş işlemler olarak tabir edilen işlemlerde ise yoğun miktarda su ve kimyasal kullanılmasının önemli bir handikap olduğu fakat işlem parametrelerinin kontrolü ve çeşitli alternatif yöntem ve teknolojilerle atık suyun miktarının ve niteliğinin iyileştirilebilerek makul düzeye indirilebileceği öngörülmektedir. Mekanik işlemlerin optimizasyonuyla ve bu işlemlerden kaynaklı katı atık yönetiminin iyi uygulandığında ve ayrıca sürdürülebilirlikle ilgili girişimlerin ve yönetişim sistemlerinin kullanılmasıyla deri üretiminde sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanabileceği gözler önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma ile hamderinin mamul deriye yolculuğu sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında analiz edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deri üretimi
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Üretim atıkları
• Sertifikasyon
• Biyorafineri

Sustainability in Leather Production: A Comprehensive Review from Raw Material Sourcing to Certification Processes

Öz

Leather production is one of the earliest known activities in human history, characterized today by a structure that blends centuries-old traditional methods with chemistry, biotechnology, and engineering. It is a value-generating production activity that rescues raw hides, which are a biological byproduct of the meat and dairy industries reaching 7.3 million tons annually, from being discarded as environmental waste. In this study, building on professional expertise alongside existing literature, the significance of the leather industry in the circular economy is evaluated. The industry’s primary sustainability advantage, derived from utilizing the byproduct of a separate sector as its raw material, is analyzed together with alternative technologies and considerations regarding sustainability in chemical and mechanical production processes. Furthermore, the certification of prominent contemporary sustainability initiatives is also incorporated into the study. It is emphasized that while raw hide is inherently a sustainable raw material, the intensive use of water and chemicals during wet processes is still a major handicap. However, the study envisages that the quantity and quality of wastewater can be improved and reduced to reasonable levels through the control of process parameters and various alternative methods. Ultimately, this work demonstrates that sustainability in leather production can be achieved through the optimization of mechanical processes, effective solid waste management, and the implementation of governance systems and sustainability initiatives. The journey of raw hide to finished leather is thus analyzed within the comprehensive context of sustainability.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leather production
• Sustainability
• Production wastes
• Certification
• Biorefinery

Kaynakça

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