Eş Zamanlı Topla Dağıt Yeşil Araç Rotalama Problemi: Gıda Sektöründe Bir Uygulama

Öz

Günümüzde lojistik faaliyetler, küresel iklim değişikliği ve sıkılaşan çevresel düzenlemeler nedeniyle yalnızca maliyet odaklı değil, aynı zamanda sürdürülebilirlik odaklı stratejik bir yönetim alanı hâline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Antalya’da faaliyet gösteren bir gıda işletmesinin lojistik süreçleri, yeşil lojistik çerçevesinden ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın temel amacı, farklı yakıt türü senaryoları altında Eş Zamanlı Topla Dağıt Yeşil Araç Rotalama Probleminde CO₂ emisyonu bakımından uygun rotayı belirleyerek, sürdürülebilir bir lojistik yönetimi sunmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, işletmenin mevcut farklı yakıtları kullanan filo yapısı (Senaryo1) ile tüm araçların motorin (Senaryo2), benzin (Senaryo3) ve LPG (Senaryo4) kullandığı dört farklı senaryo oluşturulmuştur. Bu matematiksel model GAMS yazılımı kullanılarak çözülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, tüm senaryolarda toplam kat edilen mesafenin 344,810 km ile aynı kalmasına karşın, çevresel ve ekonomik performansın seçilen yakıt türüne bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde değiştiğini göstermiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre LPG kullanılan Senaryo4; 54,204 kg toplam CO₂ emisyonu ve 1.061,465 TL toplam yakıt maliyeti ile sürdürülebilirlik kriterleri açısından en avantajlı seçenek olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, gıda sektöründe eş zamanlı toplama dağıtım yapısında farklı yakıt türlerinin çevresel etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak sunmasıyla literatüre katkı ve işletmelere sürdürülebilir filo planlaması konusunda değerlendirme imkânı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilirlik
• Lojistik
• Yeşil Lojistik
• Yeşil Araç Rotalama Problemi
• Karbondioksit Emisyonu
• GAMS

Simultaneous Pick-Up and Delivery Green Vehicle Routing Problem: An Application in the Food Industry

Öz

Today, logistics operations have become a strategic management area focused not only on costs but also on sustainability, due to global climate change and increasingly stringent environmental regulations. This study examines the logistics processes of a food distribution company based in Antalya within the framework of green logistics. The primary objective of the research is to provide sustainable logistics management by determining the most suitable route in terms of CO₂ emissions within the Simultaneous Pick-Up and Delivery Green Vehicle Routing Problem under different fuel type scenarios. Accordingly, four different scenarios were developed: the company’s existing fleet structure using different fuels (Scenario1), and scenarios where all vehicles use diesel (Scenario2), gasoline (Scenario3) and LPG (Scenario4). The proposed mathematical model was implemented and solved in GAMS software. The findings indicate that while the total distance travelled remained constant at 344.81 km across all scenarios, environmental and economic performance varied significantly depending on the selected fuel type. According to the analysis results, Scenario4, which uses LPG, was identified as the most advantageous option in terms of sustainability criteria, with total CO₂ emissions of 54.204 kg and total fuel costs of                       1,061.465 TL. This study contributes to the literature by comparatively presenting the environmental impacts of different fuel types in a Simultaneous Pick-Up and Delivery structure within the food industry, and provides businesses with the opportunity to assess sustainable fleet planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainability
• Logistics
• Green Logistics
• Green Vehicle Routing Problem
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions
• GAMS

Kaynakça

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