Investigation of Polyacid Doped Polyaniline Synthesis Using Oxidative Polymerization Technique in Terms of Green Chemistry Metrics

Öz

In this study, green chemistry metrics were applied to evaluate the sustainability of the oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid). Ammonium persulfate was used as a stoichiometric oxidizing agent, and the synthesis was conducted in an aqueous medium followed by purification with water and acetone. The environmental performance of the process was quantitatively assessed using atom economy, carbon efficiency, reaction mass efficiency, process mass intensity, and E-factor metrics.

The calculated atom economy was 38.2%, indicating limited overall atom utilization due to the formation of inorganic by-products during oxidation. The reaction mass efficiency was determined to be 32.2%, reflecting both stoichiometric limitations and process-related material losses. In contrast, the theoretically calculated carbon efficiency reached 100%, demonstrating efficient retention of the carbon framework within the polyaniline backbone according to the proposed reaction model. Process-level metrics further revealed that solvent consumption during synthesis and purification had a dominant influence on overall sustainability, resulting in a process mass intensity of 166.6 and an E-factor of 165.6.

Overall, the results demonstrate that while the oxidative polymerization system exhibits efficient carbon utilization at the molecular level, its environmental performance is primarily constrained by solvent-intensive processing requirements. These findings highlight the importance of process optimization strategies, particularly solvent management and purification efficiency, in improving the sustainability of conducting polymer synthesis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polyaniline
• oxidative polymerization
• green chemistry
• atom economy
• environmental factor

Etik Beyan

It is declared that scientific and ethical principles were followed during the preparation of this study and that all studies used are stated in the bibliography.

Oksidatif Polimerizasyon Tekniği ile Poliasit Katkılı Polianilin Sentezinin Yeşil Kimya Metrikleri Açısından İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, polimerizasyon sürecinin sürdürülebilirliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla, anilinin poli(2-akrilamido-2-metil-1-propansülfonik asit) (PAMPSA) varlığındaki oksidatif polimerizasyonuna yeşil kimya metrikleri uygulanmıştır. Stokiyometrik oksitleyici ajan olarak amonyum persülfat kullanılmış ve sentez, sulu ortamda gerçekleştirilmiş; ardından su ve aseton ile saflaştırma işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Sürecin çevresel performansı; atom ekonomisi, karbon verimliliği, reaksiyon kütle verimliliği, proses kütle yoğunluğu ve E-faktörü metrikleri kullanılarak nicel olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Hesaplanan atom ekonomisi değeri %38,2 olup, oksidasyon sırasında oluşan inorganik yan ürünler nedeniyle toplam atom kullanımının sınırlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Reaksiyon kütle verimliliği değeri %32,2 olarak belirlenmiş ve bu durum hem stokiyometrik sınırlamaları hem de sürece bağlı malzeme kayıplarını yansıtmıştır. Buna karşılık, teorik olarak hesaplanan karbon verimliliği değeri %100’e ulaşmış ve önerilen reaksiyon modeli doğrultusunda karbon iskeletinin polianilin omurgasında etkin biçimde korunduğunu göstermiştir. Süreç düzeyindeki metrikler ise, sentez ve saflaştırma aşamalarındaki çözücü tüketiminin genel sürdürülebilirlik üzerinde baskın bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuş; proses kütle yoğunluğu 166,6 ve E-faktör ise 165,6 olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Genel olarak sonuçlar, oksidatif polimerizasyon sisteminin moleküler düzeyde etkin karbon kullanımı sergilemesine rağmen, çevresel performansının esas olarak çözücü yoğun işlem gereksinimleri tarafından sınırlandığını göstermektedir. Bu bulgular, özellikle çözücü yönetimi ve saflaştırma verimliliğine yönelik süreç optimizasyon stratejilerinin, iletken polimer sentezinin sürdürülebilirliğinin geliştirilmesinde kritik öneme sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Polianilin
• oksidatif polimerizasyon
• yeşil kima
• atom ekonomisi
• çevresel etki faktörü

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

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