Determination of Optimum Position and Capacity of V2G Charging Stations with Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

Öz

The large increase in energy requirement with the increase in population in the world leads to a rapid depletion of fossil resources. To get rid of dependence on fossil fuels and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, countries are implementing a low-carbon strategy. It is expected that increased electric vehicles (EV) charging power will negatively affect the electricity when investments of developed countries in EV technology are considered. In addition, the concept of Vehicle to Grid (V2G), in which the stored energy in EV batteries can be transferred to the grid in order to turn EV charging power to an advantage, comes into prominence. V2G charging stations can be utilized as a distributed generation source in the network. The location and the capacity of V2G charging are important for optimum contribution to the grid. In this study, the placement of V2G charging stations in the optimal location and capacity is provided to transfer energy to the network at peak times. Minimizing of line losses is defined as the objective function. The Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm (GWO) is used for optimal placement of V2G charging stations. The results were presented in comparison with the Sin Cos Algorithm (SCA) and the Chimpanzee Optimization Algorithm (COA). The algorithms were run for 34-bus and 85-bus test systems. GWO algorithm has achieved the best result for both test systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electric Vehicle
• Vehicle to Grid
• Heuristic Algorithms
• Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

V2G Şarj İstasyonlarının Optimum Konum ve Kapasitelerinin Gri Kurt Optimizasyon Algoritması ile Belirlenmesi

Öz

Dünyada nüfusun artması ile birlikte enerji ihtiyacında gerçekleşen büyük artış fosil kaynakların hızlı bir şekilde tükenmesine neden olmaktadır. Fosil yakıtlara olan bağımlılıktan kurtulmak ve sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmak için ülkeler düşük karbon stratejisi uygulamaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerin elektrikli araçlar (EV) teknolojisine yaptığı yatırımlar göz önüne alındığında artan EV şarj gücünün elektrik şebekesine olumsuz şekilde yansıyacağı öngörülmektedir. Bunun yanında, EV şarj gücünü avantaja çevirmek adına EV bataryalarında depolanan enerjinin şebekeye aktarılabildiği, araçtan şebekeye (Vehicle to Grid-V2G) kavramı önem kazanmaktadır. Puant zamanlarda, V2G şarj istasyonları şebekede dağıtık üretim kaynağı olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. V2G şarj istasyonlarının şebekeye katkısının optimum şekilde olabilmesi için konumu ve kapasitesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, V2G şarj istasyonlarının puant zamanlarda şebekeye enerji aktarımı yapması amacıyla en uygun konum ve kapasitede yerleşimi sağlanmaktadır. Hat kayıplarının minimize edilmesi, hedef fonksiyon olarak tanımlanmıştır. V2G şarj istasyonlarının optimum yerleşimi için Gri Kurt Optimizasyon Algoritması (GWO) kullanılmış ve sonuçlar Sinüs Kosinüs Algoritması (SCA) ve Şempanze Optimizasyon Algoritması (COA) ile karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Algoritmalar 34-baralı ve 85-baralı test sistemleri için çalıştırılmıştır. Her iki test sisteminde de en başarılı sonuçları veren algoritma GWO olmuştur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektrikli Araç
• Araçtan Şebekeye Sistemler
• Sezgisel Algoritmalar
• Gri Kurt Optimizasyon Algoritması

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