The Role Of Business Associations In Blockchain Applications of Businesses

Öz

A competitive environment, requires following technology closely and applying this technology to business processes. The emergence of new technologies is often a harbinger of radical changes. Blockchain applications can be expressed as a radical change in the global competitive environment for businesses.
Business associations are organizations that help businesses in situations such as the emerging needs, demands and difficulties encountered depending on the size of the businesses that are members of them, direct them to success, supporting them and strive to contribute to the country's economy. As the latest development in the technological field, it can be expressed that blockchain applications are very important for the business associations as well as the busineses. For this reason, in this study, the concepts of blockchain and smart contract have been examined in detail, the activity areas of business associations have been determined and blockchain applications of businesses and business associations have been emphasized. Accordingly, the role of business association’s applications on blockchain applications of business has been examined. In the conclusion of the study, the role and contributions of business associations in the blockchain applications of businesses have been stated. In addition, suggestions have been made for future applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Blockchain Application of Businesses,Business Associations,Blockchain,Smart Contrats

İşletmelerin Blok Zinciri (Blockchain) Uygulamalarında Ticari Birliklerin Rolü

Öz

Rekabetçi bir ortam, teknolojiyi yakından takip etmek ve bu teknolojiyi iş süreçlerine uygulamayı gerektirmektedir. Yeni teknolojilerin ortaya çıkması, çoğu zaman köklü değişimlerin habercisi olmaktadır. Blok zinciri uygulamaları, işletmeler için küresel rekabet ortamında köklü bir değişim olarak ifade edilebilir.
Ticari birlikler, kendilerine üye olan işletmelerin büyüklüklerine göre ortaya çıkan ihtiyaçlar, istekler ve karşılaştıkları zorluklar gibi durumlarda işletmelere yardımcı olan, onları destekleyen, onları başarıya yönlendiren ve ülke ekonomisine katkı sağlama çabasında olan örgütlerdir. Teknolojik alanda son gelişme olarak blok zinciri uygulamalarının, işletmeler kadar ticari birlikler açısından da çok önemli olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, blok zinciri ve akıllı sözleşme kavramları detaylı olarak incelenmiş, ticari birliklerin faaliyet alanları belirtilmiş, işletmelerin ve ticari birliklerin blok zinciri uygulamaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Buna bağlı olarak, ticari birliklerin blok zinciri uygulamalarının, işletmenin blok zinciri uygulamaları üzerindeki rolü incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, işletmelerin blok zinciri uygulamalarında, ticari birliklerin rolü ve katkıları belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca, gelecekteki uygulamalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İşletmelerin Blok Zinciri Uygulamaları,Ticari Birlikler,Blok Zinciri,Akıllı Sözleşmeler

Kaynakça

1. Alharby, Maher ve Aad van Moorsel (2017) “Blockchain -Based Smart Contracts: A Systematic Mapping Study”, Computer Sicience & Information Technology, arXiv preprint arXiv:1710.06372. ss. 125-140.
2. Arabacı, Ahmet (2008) “Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarının Uluslararası İşbirlikleri”, , Ali COŞKUN (Ed.); Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarında Yönetim, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara, ss. 125-148.
3. Atabaş, Hakan (2018) Blokzinciri Teknolojisi ve Kripto Paraların Hayatımızdaki Yeni Yeri, Ceres Yayınları, İstanbul.
4. Avunduk, Hüseyin ve Hakan Aşan (2018) “Blok Zinciri Teknolojisi ve İşletme Uygulamaları: Genel Bir Değerlendirme”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, C:33(1), ss.369-384.
5. Beck, Roman, Michel Avital, Matti Rossi, ve Jason Bennett Thatcher (2017) “Blockchain Technology in Business and Information Systems Research”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, C:59(6), ss.381-384.
6. Bennett, Robert J. (1998) “Business Associations and Their Potenital Contribution to the Competitiveness of SMEs”, Entrepreneurship&Regional Development, C:10 (1998), ss.243-260.
7. Bhaskar, Nirupama Devi ve David LEE Kuo Chuen (2015) “Bitcoin Mining Techonolgy”, Davit Lee Kuo Chuen (Ed.); Handbook of Digital Curreny, USA: Acamedic Press.
8. Boléat, Mark (2003) Managing Trade Associations, Trade Association Forum, London.

9. Brandon, Dan (2016) “The Blockchain: The Future of Business Information Systems?” International Journal of the Academic Business World, C:10(2), ss.33-40.
10. Buterin, Vitalik (2015) On Public and Private Blockchains, https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/08/07/onpublic-and-private- Blockchains/.
11. Christidis, Konstantinos ve Michael Devetsikiotis (2016) “Blockchains and Smart Contracts For the Internet of Things”, IEEE Access, C:4, ss.2292-2303.
12. Costa, Eric (2017) “Institutional Networks for Supporting the Internationalisation of SMEs: The Case of Industrial Business Associations”, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, C:32/8 (2017), ss.1182–1202.
13. Crosby, Michael, Nachiappan, Pradan Pattanayak, Sanjeev Verma ve Vignesh Kalyanaraman (2016) “Blockchain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin”, Applied Innovation, C:2, ss.6-10.
14. De Filippi, PPrimavera (2016) “The Interplay Between Decentralization and Privacy: The Case of Blockchain Technologies”, http://peerproduction.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/blok zinciri -technologies-draft.pdf
15. Delios, Andrew, Ajai S. Gaur ve Shige Makino (2008) “The Timing of International Expansion: Information, Rivalry and Imitation Among Japanese Firms 1980–2002”, Journal of Management Studies, C:45(1), ss.169-195.
16. Glaser, Florian ve Luis Bezzenberger (2015) “Beyond Cryptocurrencies – a taxonomy of decentralized consensus systems”, Twenty-Third European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Münster, Germany, ss.1-18.
17. Holotiuk, Friedrich, Francesco Pisani ve Jürgen Moormann (2017) “The Impact of Blockchain Technology on Business Models in The Payments Industry”, In: 13th International conference on wirtschaftsinformatik, St. Gallen. AIS, ss.912–926.
18. ICERTIS, (2017) Smart contracts are transforming the way we do business. Available at https://www.icertis.com/resource/smart-contracts-are-transforming-the-way-we-do-business-featuring-gartner-research/, [Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2019].
19. Johansen, Morgen ve Kelly Leroux (2012) “Managerial Networking in Nonprofit Organizations: The Impact of Networking on Organizational and Advocacy Effectiveness”, Public Administration Review, C:73, ss.355-363.
20. Jonsson, Sara ve Jessica Lindbergh (2010) “The Impact of Institutional Impediments and Information and Knowledge Exchange on SMEs’ Investments in International Business Relationships”, International Business Review, C:19, ss.548-561.
21. Kasımoğlu, Murat (2003) “Sivil Toplum Kuruluşlarında Bilginin Üretilme, Paylaşılma ve Erişim Biçimleri”, Ali Çakmak (Ed.); Düşünen Sivil Toplum Felsefi Yaklaşımlar-Açılımlar, Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul.
22. Macrinici, Daniel, Cristian Cartofeanu ve Shang Gao (2018) “Smart Contract Applications Within Blockchain Technology: A Systematic Mapping Study”, Telematics and Informatics, C:35, ss.2337-2354.
23. Mendling, Jan, Ingo Weber, Wil Van Der Aalst, … ve Liming Zhu (2018) “Blockchains For Business Process Management – Challenges and Opportunities”, ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems, C:9 (1), ss.0:1-0:16.
24. Mikamo, Shingo (2013) “Business Associations and Politics in The Post-EDSA Philippines: Neither Oligarchy Nor Civil Society”, Philippine Political Science Journal, C:34(1), ss.6-26.
25. Min, Hokey (2019) “Blockchain Technology For Enhancing Supply Chain Resilience”, Business Horizons, C:62, ss.35-45.
26. Mironov-Duret, Gabriela, Aida Mariana Cîmpeanu, Adriana Mărgărit ve Sergiu Ionel Pîrju (2011) “The Internationalization and Globalization of Business Mechanisms and Motivations”, International Conference of Scientific Paper, Afases, Brasov, 26-28 May, ss.85-90.
27. Morabito, Vincenzo (2017) Business Innovation Through Blockchain, Library of Congress Control Number: 2016961332. (eBook).
28. Nahapiet, Janine ve Sumantra Ghoshal (1998) “Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage”, Academy of Management Review, C:23, ss.242–266.
29. Nakamoto, Satoshi (2008. “Bitcoin: A Peer-To-Peer Electronic Cash System”, https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf?, ss.1-9.
30. Ojala, Arto (2009) “Internationalization of Knowledge-Intensive SMEs: The Role of Network Relationships in the Entry to a Psychically Distant Market”, International Business Review, C:18, ss.50–59.
31. Reyna, Ana, Cristian Martín, Jaime Chen, Enrique Soler ve Manuel Díaz (2018) “On Blockchain and Its Integration With IoT. Challenges and Opportunities”, Future Generation Computer Systems, C:88, ss.173-190.
32. Risius, Marten ve Kai Spohrer (2017) “A Blockchain Research Framework”, Business & Information Systems Engineering, C:59(6), ss.385–409.
33. Sheikh, Husneara, Rahima Meer Azmathullah ve Faiza Rizwan (2019) “Smart Contract Development, Adoption and Challenges: The Powered Blockchain”, International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, C:4 (2), ss.321-324.
34. Szabo, Nick (1994) “Smart Contracts”, http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/Information InSpeech/CDROM/Literature/LOT winterschool2006/szabo. best.vwh. net/ smart.contracts.html, [Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020].
35. Szabo, Nick (1996) “Smart Contracts: Building Blocks for Digital Markets”, http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/rob/Courses/InformationIn Speech/CDROM/Literature/LOT winterschool2006/szabo.best. vwh.net/smart_contracts_2.html, [Erişim Tarihi: 26.03.2020].
36. Ünsal, Ersin ve Ömer Kocaoğlu (2018) “Blok Zinciri Teknolojisi: Kullanım Alanları, Açık Noktaları ve Gelecek Beklentileri”, Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, C:13, ss.54-64.
37. Van Alstyne, Marshall (2018) “Economic and Business Dimensions Blockchain Revolution Without The Blockchain?”, delivery.acm.org/10.1145/3230000/3225619/pp.27-29. [Erişim Tarihi: 13.05.2019].
38. Viriyasitavat, Wattana ve Danupol Hoonsopon (2018) “Blockchain Characteristics and Consensus in Modern Business Processes”, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, C:13, ss.32-39.
39. Wang, Jinming ve Paul Gooderham (2013) “Institutional Change and Regional Development in China: The Case of Commodity Trading Markets”, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, C:32 (3), ss.471-490.
40. Webb, Justin W., Geoffrey Kistruck, R. Duane Ireland, ve Davit J. Ketchen (2010) “The Entrepreneurship Process in Base of the Pyramid Markets: The Case of Multinational Enterprise/Nongovernment Organization Alliances”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, May, ss.555-581.
41. White, Gareth R.T. (2017) “Future Applications of Blockchain in Business and Management: A Delphi Study”, Strategic Change, C:26 (5), ss.439-451.
42. www.bctr.org. https://bctr.org/bir-Blok zincir-sirketinin-artilari-ve-eksileri-8804/ [Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2019].
43. www.blockchain.com. https://www.blockchain.com/tr/learning-portal/ether-basics. [Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.2019].
44. www.kriptoparahaber.com.https://kriptoparahaber.com/isletmeler-blockchain-teknolojisini-neden-benimsiyor.html [Erişim Tarihi: 23.04.2019].
45. www.stm.com.tr (https://thinktech.stm.com.tr/detay.aspx?id=106). [Erişim Tarihi: 22.05.2020].
46. www.tubitak.gov.tr. https://blokzincir.bilgem.tubitak.gov.tr/blok-zincir.html. [Erişim Tarihi: 25.04.2019].
47. Zheng, Zibin, Shaoan Xie, Hong-Ning Dai, Xiangping Chen ve Huaimin Wang (2018) “Blockchain Challenges And Opportunities: A Survey”, Int. J. Web and Grid Services, C:14 (4), ss.352-375.