Nöral Yaşlanma ile İlişkili Süreçlerin Nöroplastisite Üzerine Etkisi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 303 - 311, 01.05.2022

İrem Gülfem Albayrak Elif Mutlu

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1021574

Öz

Yaşlanma, nöronal plastisite mekanizmalarını doğrudan etkileyen ve hücresel süreçlerdeki değişikliklerle açıklanabilen bilişsel işlevlerdeki gerileme ile ilişkili bir süreçtir. Yaşlanma süreci beyin boyutunda küçülmeye, beyin vasküler sisteminde ve bilişsel işlevlerde bozukluklara sebep olmaktadır. Beyinde gerçekleşen küçülme ile birlikte moleküler seviyeden doku seviyesine kadar her düzeyde işlevsel değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Nöral plastisite mekanizmaları bilişsel fonksiyonları düzenlemekte; öğrenme ve hafıza gibi fonksiyonların devamlılığı ve işlevselliği üzerinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. İlgili süreçlerde yaşın ilerlemesine bağlı olarak önemli ölçüde azalma gözlenmektedir. Bu derleme çalışması ile doğal yaşlanma sürecinin nöral plastisite üzerine olan etkisi hipokampus, medial temporal lob ve prefrontal korteks yapıları üzerinden; davranışsal, morfolojik, hücresel ve moleküler yönleri ile tartışılarak; yaşlanmanın nöral plastisite üzerindeki etkisi ve yaşlanma ile ilişkili nöropatolojiler incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nörobiyoloji, Nörodejenerasyon, Nöroplastisite, Yaşlanma

Effects of Neural Aging Related Processes on Neuroplasticity

Öz

Aging is a process associated with decline in cognitive functions that directly affects neuronal plasticity mechanisms and can be explained by changes in cellular processes. The aging process causes a reduction in brain size, disorders in the cerebral vascular system and cognitive functions. With the shrinkage in the brain, functional changes occur at all levels, from the molecular level to the tissue level. Neural plasticity mechanisms regulate cognitive functions; It plays an important role in the continuity and functionality of functions such as learning and memory. A significant decrease is observed in the related processes depending on the aging process. In this review, the effect of aging on neural plasticity and neuropathologies associated with aging will be examined focusing on the hippocampus, medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex structures by discussing behavioral, morphological, cellular and molecular aspects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration, Neuroplasticity, Aging

Kaynakça

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