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The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5, 202 - 211, 15.09.2025

Ramazan Şimşek , Meryem Akpolat Ferah , Mete Keçeci

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526

Öz

Saffron is a highly valuable spice derived from the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., a plant species belonging to the Iridaceae family. Although saffron production is predominantly concentrated in Iran, significant quantities are also produced in countries such as Türkiye, India, France, Greece, Spain, and Morocco. The primary bioactive compounds in saffron include crocin, quercetin, and safranal. Additionally, saffron contains a range of essential nutrients, including vitamins, sugars, proteins, amino acids, vital minerals, flavonoids, and other chemical constituents. Saffron extract contains a variety of carotenoids, including crocin (crocetin di-gentiobiose ester), crocetin, crocetin di-glucose ester, and crocetin gentiobiose-glucose ester. Beyond its widespread use as a food additive, saffron extracts, which contain crocin, are utilized in traditional medicine as natural healing agents for the treatment of diseases. The therapeutic effects of crocin include antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. The existing literature encompasses a substantial body of research that demonstrates the protective and therapeutic effects of crocin on the female reproductive system, employing contemporary scientific methodologies. This review offers a detailed summary of the use of crocin, a key component of saffron, which is also cultivated in the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye, within the context of traditional medicine. Furthermore, the review will present modern scientific evidence derived from both preclinical and clinical studies regarding the application of crocin in the treatment of disorders affecting the female reproductive system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Saffron Crocin Crocus sativus Fertility Female reproductive system

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal SP, Khanna R, Karmarkar R, Anwer MK, Khar RK. 2007. Shilajit: A review. Phytother Res, 21: 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2100
  • Ajayi AF, Akhigbe RE. 2020. Staging of the estrous cycle and induction of estrus in experimental rodents: An update. Fertil Res Pract, 6: 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-020-00074-3
  • Auta T, Hassan AT. 2016. Alteration in oestrus cycle and implantation in Mus musculus administered aqueous wood ash extract of Azadirachta indica (neem). Asian Pac J Reprod, 5(3): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjr.2016.03.003
  • Barret KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL (eds). 2012. Reproductive development and function of the female reproductive system. In: Ganong’s Rev Med Physiol, 24th ed. McGraw Hill Educ, New York, US, pp: 54-85.
  • Bashir H, Upadhyay A, Mittal DK. 2020. Analysis of Crocus sativus (saffron) on estrous cycle and induced reversible sterility in rat. World J Pharm Pharm Sci, 9(5): 1760-1765. DOI:10.20959/wjpps20205-16163
  • Bathaie SZ, Mousavi SZ. 2010. New applications and mechanisms of action of saffron and its important ingredients. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 50(8): 761-786. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390902773003
  • Byers SL, Wiles MV, Dunn SL, Taft RA. 2012. Mouse estrous cycle identification tool and images. PLoS One, 7(4): e35538. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035538
  • Çelik AS, Kırca N. 2018. İnfertil kadınların uyguladıkları tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici bakım uygulamaları. Anadolu Hemsirelik Sağlık Bil Derg, 21(3): 178-188.
  • Cellat M, Kuzu M, Güvenç M. 2024. Safranal's therapeutic effects in rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome. Rev Bras Farmacogn, 34: 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-023-00484-6
  • Chen X, Huang J, Lv Y, Chen Y, Rao J. 2021. Crocin exhibits an antihypertensive effect in a rat model of gestational hypertension and activates the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Hypertens Res, 44(6): 642-650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-00609-7
  • Chen X, Xuan B, Xu D, Wang Q, Cheng M, Jin Y. 2019. Crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation enhances antioxidant defence and subsequent cleavage rate. Reprod Domest Anim, 54(2): 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13361
  • Cora MC, Kooistra L, Travlos G. 2015. Vaginal cytology of the laboratory rat and mouse: Review and criteria for the staging of the estrous cycle using stained vaginal smears. Toxicol Pathol, 43(6): 776-793. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623315570339
  • Deniaud A, Sharaf el dein O, Maillier E, Poncet D, Kroemer G, Lemaire C, Brenner C. 2008. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces calcium-dependent permeability transition, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Oncogene, 27(3): 285-299. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210638
  • Ekambaram G, K SKS, Joseph LD. 2017. Comparative study on the estimation of estrous cycle in mice by visual and vaginal lavage method. J Clin Diagn Res, 11(1): AC05-AC07. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/23977.9148
  • Elham MN, Yasmin M, Mohammed M, Mohammed MS. 2019. Effect of crocin on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. Med J Cairo Univ, 87: 5237-5243. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjcu.2019.89762
  • Freeman MP, Toth TL, Cohen LS. 2013. Assisted reproduction and risk of depressive relapse: Considerations for treatment. Ann Clin Psychiatry, 25(4): 283-288.
  • Giaccio M. 2004. Crocetin from saffron: An active component of an ancient spice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 44(2): 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690490424938
  • Hoenders R, Ghelman R, Portella C, Simmons S, Locke A, Cramer H, Gallego-Perez D, Jong M. 2024. A review of the WHO strategy on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine from the perspective of academic consortia for integrative medicine and health. Front Med, 11: 1395698. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1395698
  • Hu Q, Jin J, Zhou H, Yu D, Qian W, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Tang C, Liu P, Zhou Y, Wang X, Sheng L. 2018. Crocetin attenuates DHT-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in mice via revising kisspeptin neurons. Biomed Pharmacother, 107: 1363-1369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.135
  • Hubscher CH, Brooks DL, Johnson JR. 2005. A quantitative method for assessing stages of the rat estrous cycle. Biotech Histochem, 80(2): 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10520290500138422
  • Kamboj VP. 2000. Herbal medicine. Curr Sci, 78: 35-39.
  • Khanmohammadi F, Shahrooz R, Ahmadi A, Razi M. 2021. Possible protective effects of crocin on destructive side effects of cyclophosphamide in mice ovarian tissue: Evaluation of histomorphometrical and biochemical changes. Vet Res Forum, 12(2): 217-222. https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2019.103192.2453
  • Knez J. 2016. Vlaisavljević V. Ženska neplodnost. Ginekol Perinatol, 1st edn, Maribor: Medicinska fakulteta, pp: 170-179.
  • Kurt G, Arslan H. 2019. Complementary and alternative medicine practices used by couples receiving infertility treatment. Cukurova Med J, 44: 329-338. https://doi.org/10.51621/aws.1429100
  • Liu Y, Qin X, Lu X. 2018. Crocin improves endometriosis by inhibiting cell proliferation and the release of inflammatory factors. Biomed Pharmacother, 106: 1678-1685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.108
  • Matur İ, Solmaz S. 2010. Ovarian follikül gelişiminin moleküler temelleri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg, 19(4): 193-205.
  • McLean AC, Valenzuela N, Fai S, Bennett SA. 2012. Performing vaginal lavage, crystal violet staining, and vaginal cytological evaluation for mouse estrous cycle staging identification. J Vis Exp, 67: e4389. https://doi.org/10.3791/4389
  • Mokhber Maleki E, Eimani H, Bigdeli MR, Ebrahimi B, Shahverdi AH, Golkar Narenji A, Abedi R. 2014. A comparative study of saffron aqueous extract and its active ingredient, crocin on the in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture of mouse oocytes. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 53(1): 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2012.11.004
  • Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Artimani T, Sepehr A, Kaloorazi ZF, Behnamfar Y, Larki-Harchegani A, Ahmadimoghaddam D. 2022. The effect of saffron and its constituent, crocin, on anterior pituitary-gonadal axis during pregnancy in the rat: A time-course study. S Afr J Bot, 148: 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.001
  • Öztürk R, Herbell K, Morton J, Bloom T. 2021. "The worst time of my life": Treatment-related stress and unmet needs of women living with infertility. J Community Psychol, 49(5): 1121-1133. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22527
  • Pan J, Liu P, Yu X, Zhang Z, Liu J. 2024. The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system. Front Endocrinol, 14: 1324993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1324993
  • Petersen G, Seberg O, Thorsøe S, Jørgensen T, Mathew B. 2008. A phylogeny of the genus Crocus (Iridaceae) based on sequence data from five plastid regions. Taxon, 57(2): 487-499. DOI:10.2307/25066017
  • Petroianu A, de Souza Vasconcellos L, Alberti LR, Buzelin Nunes M. 2005. The influence of venous drainage on autologous ovarian transplantation. J Surg Res, 124(2): 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2004.10.015
  • Rahimi G, Shams S, Aslani MR. 2022. Effects of crocin supplementation on inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, insulin and cardioprotective indices in women with PCOS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res, 36(6): 2605-2615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7474
  • Rashidi M, Najmi Z, Mobasseri A. 2015. Advantages of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone over human menopausal gonadotropin in intrauterine insemination: A randomized clinical trial in polycystic ovary syndrome-associated infertility. Gynecol Obstet Invest, Advance Online Publ. https://doi.org/10.1159/000435773
  • Sadoughi S. 2017. Effects of crocin on ovarian follicle and serum sex hormone in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rat model. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci, 17(2): 198-210.
  • Sahoo HB, Nandy S, Senapati AK, Sarangi SP, Sahoo SK. 2014. Aphrodisiac activity of polyherbal formulation in experimental models on male rats. Phcogn Res, 6(2): 120-126. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.129029
  • Schmidt M, Betti G, Hensel A. 2007. Saffron in phytotherapy: pharmacology and clinical uses. Wien Med Wochenschr, 157(13-14): 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0428-4
  • Shams E, Zohrabi D, Omrani O, Zarezade V, Yazdanpanahi N, Sanati MH. 2024. Investigation of crocin's protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis defects in adult female rats. Women Health, 64(1): 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2023.2286264
  • Spears N, Lopes F, Stefansdottir A, Rossi V, De Felici M, Anderson RA, Klinger FG. 2019. Ovarian damage from chemotherapy and current approaches to its protection. Hum Reprod Update, 25(6): 673-693. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz027
  • Starc A, Trampuš M, Pavan Jukić D, Rotim C, Jukić T, Polona Mivšek A. 2019. Infertility and sexual dysfunctions: A systematic literature review. Acta Clin Croat, 58(3): 508-515. https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2019.58.03.15
  • Vander Borght M, Wyns C. 2018. Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem, 62: 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012
  • Wang CZ, Ma Q, Kim S, Wang DH, Shoyama Y, Yuan CS. 2022. Effects of saffron and its active constituent crocin on cancer management: A narrative review. Longhua Chin Med, 5: 35. https://doi.org/10.21037/lcm-21-72
  • Yao X, Liu W, Xie Y, Xi M, Xiao L. 2023. Fertility loss: negative effects of environmental toxicants on oogenesis. Front Physiol, 14: 1219045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1219045
  • Zohrabi D, Parivar K, Sanati MH, Hayati Roodbari N. 2018. Effects of Crocin on The Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Hypothalamic Kiss-1 Gene Expression in Female Wistar Rats. Int J Fertil Steril, 12(1): 56-60. https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2018.5139

The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5, 202 - 211, 15.09.2025

Ramazan Şimşek , Meryem Akpolat Ferah , Mete Keçeci

https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526

Öz

Saffron is a highly valuable spice derived from the dried stigmas of Crocus sativus L., a plant species belonging to the Iridaceae family. Although saffron production is predominantly concentrated in Iran, significant quantities are also produced in countries such as Türkiye, India, France, Greece, Spain, and Morocco. The primary bioactive compounds in saffron include crocin, quercetin, and safranal. Additionally, saffron contains a range of essential nutrients, including vitamins, sugars, proteins, amino acids, vital minerals, flavonoids, and other chemical constituents. Saffron extract contains a variety of carotenoids, including crocin (crocetin di-gentiobiose ester), crocetin, crocetin di-glucose ester, and crocetin gentiobiose-glucose ester. Beyond its widespread use as a food additive, saffron extracts, which contain crocin, are utilized in traditional medicine as natural healing agents for the treatment of diseases. The therapeutic effects of crocin include antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and anticancer properties. The existing literature encompasses a substantial body of research that demonstrates the protective and therapeutic effects of crocin on the female reproductive system, employing contemporary scientific methodologies. This review offers a detailed summary of the use of crocin, a key component of saffron, which is also cultivated in the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye, within the context of traditional medicine. Furthermore, the review will present modern scientific evidence derived from both preclinical and clinical studies regarding the application of crocin in the treatment of disorders affecting the female reproductive system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Saffron Crocin Crocus sativus Fertility Female reproductive system

Kaynakça

  • Agarwal SP, Khanna R, Karmarkar R, Anwer MK, Khar RK. 2007. Shilajit: A review. Phytother Res, 21: 401-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2100
  • Ajayi AF, Akhigbe RE. 2020. Staging of the estrous cycle and induction of estrus in experimental rodents: An update. Fertil Res Pract, 6: 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-020-00074-3
  • Auta T, Hassan AT. 2016. Alteration in oestrus cycle and implantation in Mus musculus administered aqueous wood ash extract of Azadirachta indica (neem). Asian Pac J Reprod, 5(3): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjr.2016.03.003
  • Barret KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL (eds). 2012. Reproductive development and function of the female reproductive system. In: Ganong’s Rev Med Physiol, 24th ed. McGraw Hill Educ, New York, US, pp: 54-85.
  • Bashir H, Upadhyay A, Mittal DK. 2020. Analysis of Crocus sativus (saffron) on estrous cycle and induced reversible sterility in rat. World J Pharm Pharm Sci, 9(5): 1760-1765. DOI:10.20959/wjpps20205-16163
  • Bathaie SZ, Mousavi SZ. 2010. New applications and mechanisms of action of saffron and its important ingredients. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 50(8): 761-786. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390902773003
  • Byers SL, Wiles MV, Dunn SL, Taft RA. 2012. Mouse estrous cycle identification tool and images. PLoS One, 7(4): e35538. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035538
  • Çelik AS, Kırca N. 2018. İnfertil kadınların uyguladıkları tamamlayıcı ve destekleyici bakım uygulamaları. Anadolu Hemsirelik Sağlık Bil Derg, 21(3): 178-188.
  • Cellat M, Kuzu M, Güvenç M. 2024. Safranal's therapeutic effects in rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome. Rev Bras Farmacogn, 34: 301-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-023-00484-6
  • Chen X, Huang J, Lv Y, Chen Y, Rao J. 2021. Crocin exhibits an antihypertensive effect in a rat model of gestational hypertension and activates the Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Hypertens Res, 44(6): 642-650. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-020-00609-7
  • Chen X, Xuan B, Xu D, Wang Q, Cheng M, Jin Y. 2019. Crocin supplementation during oocyte maturation enhances antioxidant defence and subsequent cleavage rate. Reprod Domest Anim, 54(2): 300-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13361
  • Cora MC, Kooistra L, Travlos G. 2015. Vaginal cytology of the laboratory rat and mouse: Review and criteria for the staging of the estrous cycle using stained vaginal smears. Toxicol Pathol, 43(6): 776-793. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623315570339
  • Deniaud A, Sharaf el dein O, Maillier E, Poncet D, Kroemer G, Lemaire C, Brenner C. 2008. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces calcium-dependent permeability transition, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Oncogene, 27(3): 285-299. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1210638
  • Ekambaram G, K SKS, Joseph LD. 2017. Comparative study on the estimation of estrous cycle in mice by visual and vaginal lavage method. J Clin Diagn Res, 11(1): AC05-AC07. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/23977.9148
  • Elham MN, Yasmin M, Mohammed M, Mohammed MS. 2019. Effect of crocin on letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. Med J Cairo Univ, 87: 5237-5243. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjcu.2019.89762
  • Freeman MP, Toth TL, Cohen LS. 2013. Assisted reproduction and risk of depressive relapse: Considerations for treatment. Ann Clin Psychiatry, 25(4): 283-288.
  • Giaccio M. 2004. Crocetin from saffron: An active component of an ancient spice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 44(2): 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690490424938
  • Hoenders R, Ghelman R, Portella C, Simmons S, Locke A, Cramer H, Gallego-Perez D, Jong M. 2024. A review of the WHO strategy on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine from the perspective of academic consortia for integrative medicine and health. Front Med, 11: 1395698. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1395698
  • Hu Q, Jin J, Zhou H, Yu D, Qian W, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Tang C, Liu P, Zhou Y, Wang X, Sheng L. 2018. Crocetin attenuates DHT-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in mice via revising kisspeptin neurons. Biomed Pharmacother, 107: 1363-1369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.135
  • Hubscher CH, Brooks DL, Johnson JR. 2005. A quantitative method for assessing stages of the rat estrous cycle. Biotech Histochem, 80(2): 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1080/10520290500138422
  • Kamboj VP. 2000. Herbal medicine. Curr Sci, 78: 35-39.
  • Khanmohammadi F, Shahrooz R, Ahmadi A, Razi M. 2021. Possible protective effects of crocin on destructive side effects of cyclophosphamide in mice ovarian tissue: Evaluation of histomorphometrical and biochemical changes. Vet Res Forum, 12(2): 217-222. https://doi.org/10.30466/vrf.2019.103192.2453
  • Knez J. 2016. Vlaisavljević V. Ženska neplodnost. Ginekol Perinatol, 1st edn, Maribor: Medicinska fakulteta, pp: 170-179.
  • Kurt G, Arslan H. 2019. Complementary and alternative medicine practices used by couples receiving infertility treatment. Cukurova Med J, 44: 329-338. https://doi.org/10.51621/aws.1429100
  • Liu Y, Qin X, Lu X. 2018. Crocin improves endometriosis by inhibiting cell proliferation and the release of inflammatory factors. Biomed Pharmacother, 106: 1678-1685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.108
  • Matur İ, Solmaz S. 2010. Ovarian follikül gelişiminin moleküler temelleri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg, 19(4): 193-205.
  • McLean AC, Valenzuela N, Fai S, Bennett SA. 2012. Performing vaginal lavage, crystal violet staining, and vaginal cytological evaluation for mouse estrous cycle staging identification. J Vis Exp, 67: e4389. https://doi.org/10.3791/4389
  • Mokhber Maleki E, Eimani H, Bigdeli MR, Ebrahimi B, Shahverdi AH, Golkar Narenji A, Abedi R. 2014. A comparative study of saffron aqueous extract and its active ingredient, crocin on the in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, and in vitro culture of mouse oocytes. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 53(1): 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2012.11.004
  • Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Artimani T, Sepehr A, Kaloorazi ZF, Behnamfar Y, Larki-Harchegani A, Ahmadimoghaddam D. 2022. The effect of saffron and its constituent, crocin, on anterior pituitary-gonadal axis during pregnancy in the rat: A time-course study. S Afr J Bot, 148: 33-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2022.04.001
  • Öztürk R, Herbell K, Morton J, Bloom T. 2021. "The worst time of my life": Treatment-related stress and unmet needs of women living with infertility. J Community Psychol, 49(5): 1121-1133. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22527
  • Pan J, Liu P, Yu X, Zhang Z, Liu J. 2024. The adverse role of endocrine disrupting chemicals in the reproductive system. Front Endocrinol, 14: 1324993. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1324993
  • Petersen G, Seberg O, Thorsøe S, Jørgensen T, Mathew B. 2008. A phylogeny of the genus Crocus (Iridaceae) based on sequence data from five plastid regions. Taxon, 57(2): 487-499. DOI:10.2307/25066017
  • Petroianu A, de Souza Vasconcellos L, Alberti LR, Buzelin Nunes M. 2005. The influence of venous drainage on autologous ovarian transplantation. J Surg Res, 124(2): 175-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2004.10.015
  • Rahimi G, Shams S, Aslani MR. 2022. Effects of crocin supplementation on inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, insulin and cardioprotective indices in women with PCOS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res, 36(6): 2605-2615. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7474
  • Rashidi M, Najmi Z, Mobasseri A. 2015. Advantages of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone over human menopausal gonadotropin in intrauterine insemination: A randomized clinical trial in polycystic ovary syndrome-associated infertility. Gynecol Obstet Invest, Advance Online Publ. https://doi.org/10.1159/000435773
  • Sadoughi S. 2017. Effects of crocin on ovarian follicle and serum sex hormone in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rat model. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci, 17(2): 198-210.
  • Sahoo HB, Nandy S, Senapati AK, Sarangi SP, Sahoo SK. 2014. Aphrodisiac activity of polyherbal formulation in experimental models on male rats. Phcogn Res, 6(2): 120-126. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.129029
  • Schmidt M, Betti G, Hensel A. 2007. Saffron in phytotherapy: pharmacology and clinical uses. Wien Med Wochenschr, 157(13-14): 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-007-0428-4
  • Shams E, Zohrabi D, Omrani O, Zarezade V, Yazdanpanahi N, Sanati MH. 2024. Investigation of crocin's protective effect on cyclophosphamide-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis defects in adult female rats. Women Health, 64(1): 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2023.2286264
  • Spears N, Lopes F, Stefansdottir A, Rossi V, De Felici M, Anderson RA, Klinger FG. 2019. Ovarian damage from chemotherapy and current approaches to its protection. Hum Reprod Update, 25(6): 673-693. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmz027
  • Starc A, Trampuš M, Pavan Jukić D, Rotim C, Jukić T, Polona Mivšek A. 2019. Infertility and sexual dysfunctions: A systematic literature review. Acta Clin Croat, 58(3): 508-515. https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2019.58.03.15
  • Vander Borght M, Wyns C. 2018. Fertility and infertility: Definition and epidemiology. Clin Biochem, 62: 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.03.012
  • Wang CZ, Ma Q, Kim S, Wang DH, Shoyama Y, Yuan CS. 2022. Effects of saffron and its active constituent crocin on cancer management: A narrative review. Longhua Chin Med, 5: 35. https://doi.org/10.21037/lcm-21-72
  • Yao X, Liu W, Xie Y, Xi M, Xiao L. 2023. Fertility loss: negative effects of environmental toxicants on oogenesis. Front Physiol, 14: 1219045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1219045
  • Zohrabi D, Parivar K, Sanati MH, Hayati Roodbari N. 2018. Effects of Crocin on The Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Hypothalamic Kiss-1 Gene Expression in Female Wistar Rats. Int J Fertil Steril, 12(1): 56-60. https://doi.org/10.22074/ijfs.2018.5139
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Farmasotik Botanik
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ramazan Şimşek 0000-0002-0793-4135

Meryem Akpolat Ferah 0000-0002-3419-1728

Mete Keçeci 0000-0002-2144-4730

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Nisan 2025
Kabul Tarihi 12 Temmuz 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Şimşek, R., Akpolat Ferah, M., & Keçeci, M. (2025). The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 8(5), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526
AMA Şimşek R, Akpolat Ferah M, Keçeci M. The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System. BSJ Health Sci. Eylül 2025;8(5):202-211. doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526
Chicago Şimşek, Ramazan, Meryem Akpolat Ferah, ve Mete Keçeci. “The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 8, sy. 5 (Eylül 2025): 202-11. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526.
EndNote Şimşek R, Akpolat Ferah M, Keçeci M (01 Eylül 2025) The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 8 5 202–211.
IEEE R. Şimşek, M. Akpolat Ferah, ve M. Keçeci, “The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System”, BSJ Health Sci., c. 8, sy. 5, ss. 202–211, 2025, doi: 10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526.
ISNAD Şimşek, Ramazan vd. “The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science 8/5 (Eylül2025), 202-211. https://doi.org/10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526.
JAMA Şimşek R, Akpolat Ferah M, Keçeci M. The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System. BSJ Health Sci. 2025;8:202–211.
MLA Şimşek, Ramazan vd. “The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System”. Black Sea Journal of Health Science, c. 8, sy. 5, 2025, ss. 202-11, doi:10.19127/bshealthscience.1677526.
Vancouver Şimşek R, Akpolat Ferah M, Keçeci M. The Protective Role of Crocin in the Female Reproductive System. BSJ Health Sci. 2025;8(5):202-11.
 Kapak Resmi İndir