Çocuklarda COVID-19 Enfeksiyonunun Tanısı, Tedavisi ve Korunma Yolları

Öz

Koronavirüsler (KoV), tek-zincirli RNA virüsleri olup alfa, beta, gamma ve delta olmak üzere dört gruba ayrılır. İnsanlarda genelde solunum ve gastrointestinal sistemde hastalıklara neden olurlar. Koronavirüsler çok hızlı mutasyon geçirdiklerinden dolayı yeni KoV tipleri ortaya çıkar ve hayvanlardan bulaşarak insanlarda hastalık yapabilir. 2002 yılında Çin’de ağır akut solunum sendromu koronavirüsü (SARS-KoV) ve 2012 yılında Suudi Arabistan’da Orta Doğu solunum sendromu koronavirüsü (MERS-KoV) olarak iki yeni koronavirüs ortaya çıktı. 2019 sonunda, yine Çin’de yeni bir koronavirüs (SARS-KoV-2) küresel bir salgın hastalığına (COVID-2019) neden oldu. İlk bulgulara göre SARS-KoV-2 çocuklarda asemptomatik veya hafif semptomlara neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Erişkinlerde klinik tablo soğuk algınlığından bronşit, pnömoni, ağır akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS) ve ölümle sonuçlanan çoklu-organ yetmezliğine kadar değişebilir. Çocukların virüsün yayılmasındaki rolü tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu derlemede, çocuk hastalardaki yeni KoV enfeksiyonunun (COVID-19) klinik ve tanısal bulgularını, tedavisini ve önleme yollarını anlatmayı hedefledik.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SARS-KoV-2,çocuk,ateş,COVID-2019

Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Methods of Pediatric COVID-19 Infection

Öz

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded RNA viruses classified into four genera: alpha, beta, gamma and delta. They often cause the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract diseases in human. As coronaviruses rapidly evolve by new mutations, new types of CoVs emerge and cause disease through transmission from animals to humans. Two novel CoVs [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)] in China in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia in 2012, have emerged. At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in China caused a disease (called as COVID-2019) and global outbreak. Based on the first reports, SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to cause asymptomatic or mild symptoms in children. In adults, the clinical presentation can range from common cold to bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi organ failure even resulting in death. The role of children in the transmission of the virus is not fully known. In this review, we aim to discuss the clinical and diagnostic findings, treatment and prevention methods of the new CoV infection (COVID-19) in pediatric patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• SARS-CoV-2,children,fever,COVID-2019

Kaynakça

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