Malaysia Healthcare System

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 7 - 10, 06.06.2017

Muhd Firdaus Che Musa

Öz

Malaysia is an upper middle-income country that enjoys political and economic stability. Malaysian population is young, growing or ageing. In recent years, the life expectancy at birth is 73 years. 

Malaysia has fostered various collaborations and partnerships with international associations, such as the WHO, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and others in its effort to improve general health. Consequently, the country has benefi ted from a well-developed health care system, good access to clean water and sanitation, non-communicable diseases now account for most mortality and morbidity while communicable diseases still remain a concern.

Malaysia’s public health system is organized under a civil service structure and are centrally administered by the Ministry of Health [MOH] and fi nanced mainly through general revenue and taxation, while the private sector is funded through private health insurance and out-of pocket payments from consumers. Furthermore, only a limited number of private organisations (employers)provide dental insurance that provides subsidises dental care that suggests that there is some limitation for dental care due to fi nancial costs.

Meanwhile, the supply of health professionals has increased over the years, as the result of the government’s effort to increase medical/dental training facilities, although its number is still below the required number. As the country approaches developed nation status, its demographic and epidemiological transitions will continue and the demand for health care by the population continues to rise and further heighten expectations for more high quality of health care. These place pressure for Malaysia for health reform in the year 2020 and beyond.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malaysia, healthcare system, medical, dental and financial

Malezya Sağlık Sistemi

Öz

Malezya siyasi ve ekonomik istikrarın yaşandığı bir üst orta
gelirli ülkedir. Malezyalı nüfus genelde genç, erişkin ve yaşlı olarak
ayrılabilir. Son yıllarda doğumda beklenen ömür yaşı 73 yıldır.

Malezya, DSÖ, Güneydoğu Asya Uluslar Topluluğu (ASEAN) ve
diğerleri gibi uluslararası kuruluşlarla genel sağlık düzeyini geliştirme
çabasıyla çeşitli işbirliği ve ortaklıklar geliştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak, ülke
iyi gelişmiş bir sağlık sistemi, temiz su ve sanitasyona kolay erişim, aynı
zamanda güçlü sosyal ve ekonomik programlardan yararlanmıştır. Öte yandan
bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklar en çok mortalite ve morbiditeye neden oluyorken
bulaşıcı hastalıklar hala bir endişe kaynağı olmaya devam etmektedir.

Malezya halk sağlığı sistemi bir kamu hizmeti yapısı içinde
örgütlenmiştir. Merkezi olarak Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından idare edilir, esasen
federal hükümet tarafından toplanan genel gelirler ve vergilendirme yoluyla fi
nanse edilirken, özel sektör özel sağlık sigortası yoluyla hizmetlerini fi
nanse edebilmektedir. Tüketicilerin cepten sağlık fi nans ödemeleri yalnızca
sınırlı sayıdaki özel kuruluşlar ve maddi maliyetler nedeniyle diş bakımı için
gerekmektedir. Diş sağlığı hizmetlerine maddi yardımda bulunan diş sigortası
sistemi bulunmaktadır.

Bu arada, sağlık profesyonellerinin arzı, hükümetin tıbbi /
diş eğitimi tesislerini arttırma çabalarından ötürü halen istenen rakamın altında
olmasına rağmen yıllar içinde epeyce artmıştır. Ülke gelişmiş ulus statüsüne yaklaştıkça,
demografi k ve epidemiyolojik geçişler devam edecek ve nüfusun sağlık hizmeti
talebi artmaya devam edecek, daha kaliteli sağlık hizmetleri beklentileri
artacaktır. 2020 ve sonrasına yönelik Malezya’da sağlık reformu yapılması ile
ilintili baskılar artmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Malezya, sağlık sistemi, tıbbi hizmetler, Diş hekimliği hizmetleri, finansı

Kaynakça

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