Human Virome

Yıl 2017, - Mikrobiyota, 44 - 49, 15.11.2017

Semra Öz , Mustafa Altındiş

Öz

A healthy human body always contains a large number of foreign cells and viruses. The viral component of the human microbiome is called virome. It is the collection of all viruses in humans, viruses that cause acute, permanent or latent infection and including viruses such as endogenous retroviruses integrated into the human genome. It is assumed that viruses are often clinically silent and that they have found an ideal balance to prevent viral persistence and transfer, which would prevent them from responding to them. Some of the new viruses found to be advantageous to the main hosts. Most viruses are not constantly pathogenic and are always harmless, but they can cause different results depending on the health and immunological status of the host. Our knowledge about human virome expands as the studies in this subject increases. Using a new generation of diagnostic methods, analyzing virome within a few hours or even a few minutes from patient samples will provide faster diagnosis, treatment and control of diseases. Viruses and human virome have a very complex structure and need a wide range of studies. In this review; human virome types, where they can be found in the body, and the effects on human health will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virus, human virome, virome and health

İnsan Viromu

Öz

Sağlıklı insan vücudu her zaman çok sayıda yabancı hücre ve virüs içermektedir. İnsan mikrobiyomunun viral bileşeni virom olarak adlandırılır. Akut, kalıcı veya latent enfeksiyona neden olan virüsler ve insan genomuna entegre edilmiş endojen retrovirüsler gibi virüsler de dahil olmak üzere insanlarda bulunan tüm virüslerin toplanmasıdır. Virüslerin sıklıkla klinik olarak sessiz oldukları ve konağın kendilerine karşı koymasını önleyecek, viral kalıcılığa ve aktarıma katkıda bulunacak ideal bir denge buldukları varsayılmıştır. Bulunan yeni virüslerin bazısında ise ana konakçılarına avantaj sağladıkları ortaya çıkmıştır. Çoğu virüs sürekli patojen değildir ve daima zararsızdır fakat konağın sağlık ve immünolojik durumlarına bağlı olarak farklı sonuçlara neden olabilir. İnsan viromu hakkındaki bilgilerimiz bu konudaki çalışmalar arttıkça genişlemektedir. Yeni nesil tanı yöntemleri kullanarak hasta örneklerinden viromunu birkaç saat hatta birkaç dakika içinde analiz etme hastalıkların daha hızlı tanı, tedavi ve kontrolünü sağlayacaktır. Virüsler ve insan viromu çok karmaşık yapıya sahip olup bu konuda yapılacak geniş çaplı çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede; insan viromu tipleri, vücutta bulunabileceği yerler ve insan sağlığına etkileri tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Virüs, insan viromu, virom ve sağlık

Kaynakça

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