SARS-CoV-2 Kökeni

Yıl 2020, COVID-19 Özel Sayı, 1 - 9, 30.04.2020

Bahadır Feyzioğlu

https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.712379

Cited By: 6

Öz

Yeni tip bir insan koronavirüsü olan SARS-CoV-2’nin neden olduğu küresel salgın, tüm insanlık için endişe oluşturmaktadır. SARS-CoV-2, insan patojeni olarak tanımlanan yedinci koronavirüstür. Bu virüslerden, HKU1, NL63, OC43 ve 229E hafif belirtilere neden olabilirken, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV ve SARS-CoV-2 ciddi hastalıklarla ilişkilidir. SARS-CoV-2 hücre içine giriş için tıpkı SARS-CoV gibi, anjiyotensin dönüştürücü enzim 2 (ACE2) reseptörünü kullanır ve SARS-CoV-2 S proteininde bulunan reseptör bağlanma alanı (RBA) bu reseptörlere güçlü bir şekilde bağlanabilir. Öte yandan, bir hayvan virüsünün insanları enfekte etmek için tür sınırlarını nasıl aştığına yönelik soruların yanıtlanması, gelecekteki zoonotik olayların nasıl önleneceğine dair değerli bilgiler verecektir. Salgının başlangıcından bu yana virüsün kökeni hakkında pek çok iddia ortaya atıldı. Bu derleme makalesinde, şimdiye kadar elde edilen veriler ışığında, virüsün kökeni hakkındaki ipuçlarını derledik. SARS-CoV-2 bazı yarasa virüslerine (RaTG-13) ve SARS-CoV'ye çok benzese de, daha önce tanımlanmayan benzersiz diziler içermektedir. RBD'deki amino asit dizileri açısından Pangolin CoV ile uyumlu olmasına rağmen, polibazik bölünme alanı benzersiz bir değişimin ürünüdür. Ayrıca, bu alandaki o-bağlı glikan kalıntıları, ancak bağışıklık tepkisi koşullarında elde edilebilecek bir kazanımdır. Her ne kadar kanıtlar SARS-CoV-2'nin manipüle edilmiş bir virüs olmadığını düşündürse de, şu anda bu köken teorilerini tam olarak kanıtlamak veya reddetmek mümkün değildir. Bir hayvan virüsünün tür sınırlarını aşarak insanları nasıl etkili bir şekilde enfekte edebileceğini anlamak gelecekteki zoonotik olayların önlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Doğal rezervuarlarının yaygınlığı nedeniyle, gelecekteki araştırmalar, bu virüslerin daha geniş coğrafi alanları kapsayan aktif gözetimine odaklanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Köken, polibazik yarılma alanı

The Origin of SARS-CoV-2

Öz

The ongoing pandemic of a new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has generated concern for all humanity. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus defined to human pathogens; HKU1, NL63, OC43, and 229E can cause mild symptoms, whereas SARS-CoV, MERS CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are associated with severe disease. It has been shown that, similar to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells, and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in SARS-CoV-2 S protein bound strongly to human and bat ACE2 receptors. On the other hand, answering how an animal virus has crossed species boundaries to infect humans will provide valuable information on how to prevent future zoonotic events. Many allegations have been raised about the origin of the virus since the outbreak began. In this review article, we have compiled clues about the origin of the virus, in the light of the data obtained so far. Although SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to some bat viruses (RaTG-13) and SARS-CoV, it contains unique sequences not previously defined. Although it is compatible with Pangolin CoV in terms of amino acid sequences in RBD, the polybasic cleavage area is the product of a unique change. Moreover, the o-linked glycan residues in this area are a unique that can be acquired in immune response conditions. Although evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is not a manipulated virus, it is not currently possible to fully prove or refute these origin theories. Understanding how an animal virus can infect humans efficiently by crossing species limits will help prevent future zoonotic events. Natural reservoirs of coronaviruses have a widespread, that's why, future research should focus on active surveillance of these viruses, covering wider geographic areas.

Anahtar Kelimeler

polybasic cleavage area, Origin

Kaynakça

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