Erişkin Bağışıklama

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 172 - 188, 31.12.2024

Selda Aslan , Şükran Köse

https://doi.org/10.34084/bshr.1538465

Öz

Enfeksiyon hastalıklarından korunma, ilk ve en kolay yoldur. Bu sebeple, aşı ile önlenebilir enfeksiyon hastalıklarında bağışıklama çocukluk döneminde olduğu kadar erişkin yaş grupları içinde önem taşımaktadır. Dünyada ve ülkemizde immünizasyon genellikle çocukluk dönemine özgü bir uygulama olarak kabul edilmesine rağmen yaşam boyu devam etmektedir. Erişkin bağışıklama ile aşı ile önlenebilir enfeksiyon hastalıklarında hastalık insidansı düşürülmekte, mortalite ve sağlık harcamaları önemli oranda azaltılmaktadır. Arttırılmaya çalışılan farkındalığa rağmen erişkin bağışıklama düzeyleri halen ideal seviyelerde değildir. Erişkinlerin çoğu kendileri için gerekli olan aşıları bilmemektedir. Komorbiditeleri olan bireyler, yaşlılar, sağlık çalışanları, uluslararası seyahat edenler gibi birçok grup aşılanarak pek çok yaşamın korunmasını sağlayabilir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından uygulanan Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı önerileri doğrultusunda birçok aşı ile önlenebilir enfeksiyon hastalıkları eliminasyon noktasına gelmiştir. Koruyucu hekimlik kapsamında erişkin yaşta bağışıklama son yıllarda önem kazanmakta, bağışıklama stratejileri yeniden gözden geçirilmektedir. Yaşam Boyu Bağışıklama stratejisi ile erişkin morbidite ve mortalitenin önlenmesi, tedavi maliyetleri ve iş gücü kayıplarının azaltılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu derlemede amaç, erişkin yaş gruplarında güncel literatürü, bağışıklama önerilerini ve uygulamaları incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Erişkin, İmmünizasyon, Bağışıklama

Adult Immunizations

Öz

Protection from infectious diseases is the first and easiest method. Therefore, immunization against vaccine-preventable infectious diseases is as important in adulthood as it is during childhood. Although immunization is generally accepted as a practice specific to childhood both worldwide and in our country, it continues throughout life. With adult immunization, the incidence of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases is reduced, and mortality and healthcare costs are significantly decreased. Despite efforts to raise awareness, adult vaccination rates are still not at ideal levels. Most adults do not know which vaccines they need. Many groups, such as individuals with comorbidities, the elderly, healthcare workers, and international travelers, can protect many lives by getting vaccinated. In line with the recommendations of the Expanded Immunization Program implemented by the World Health Organization, many vaccine-preventable infectious diseases have reached the point of elimination. In recent years, adult immunization has gained importance within the scope of preventive medicine, and immunization strategies are being reconsidered. The goal of the Life-Long Immunization strategy is to prevent adult morbidity and mortality, reduce treatment costs, and minimize workforce losses. The aim of this review is to examine the current literature, immunization recommendations, and practices for adult age groups.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Keywords: Adult, Immunization, Vaccination

Kaynakça

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