Heart in the Divan of Sehî Bey
Abstract
Classical Turkish literature is a literary tradition that has existed for six centuries and has been a mirror of the deep-rooted culture and civilization of the Turkish nation. Although very valuable works have been produced in this field in the prose genre, classical Turkish literature has shown itself as a poetry literature. The backbone of classical Turkish literature, and therefore of classical Turkish poetry, is the theme of love. The heart is at the center of love as it is at the center of the body.
The heart can take on all the responsibilities that the lover takes on in classical poetry. Sometimes it is majnun, sometimes it is a dervish, sometimes it is a prisoner. It is the one who is drunk and the one who is in love. Sometimes it is Moses who is manifested on Mount Tur. Sometimes it is Mount Tur itself. Sometimes it is a jewel, sometimes a treasure full of jewels, and sometimes it is the ruin where this treasure is hidden. It is the heart that is a servant, a slave at the door of the beloved and generous like a sultan. The tavern and the mosque are both the heart. The heart is both the place where the secret of love is hidden and the place where this secret is manifested. Sometimes it is the lover and sometimes it is the rival of the lover. When it is in the lover, it is the place of love, when it is in the rival, it is the place of grudge and hatred.
The concept of heart has an important place in Classical Turkish literature as in all stages of Turkish literature. Many figures of speech are based on the word “heart” and many metaphors in classical Turkish poetry are created using this word. Heart is one of the most important materials used by the poet in the creation of his poetry. The concept of heart, which corresponds to the Persian word "dil" and the Arabic word "kalb", is defined in the dictionary as "the spiritual aspect of the heart, which is accepted to be the source of faith, love and hate, and all good and bad feelings". In classical Turkish poetry, the word heart is used in a relationship of similarity with many concepts such as palace, ruin, house, slave, customer, sultan, mirror, pervane (a winged insect), bird, madman, wise, dead, hunt, hunter, child, wrestler, rose garden. In addition, divan poets prioritized the heart over the mind and glorified it as the place where the treasure of love is located. Heart sometimes appears as the lover's partner in trouble or in a position that causes him trouble.
The heart is likened to a sea or ocean, mainly in terms of being wavy, overflowing, and having no end. Sometimes the sea becomes love, and the heart becomes the ship in that sea. Sometimes it is the wine itself, sometimes a tavern, and sometimes the place where the wine is made and sold. It is the slave and beggar of the beloved. It is Majnun, it is Farhad. The lover's heart constantly wants to be together with the beloved. Most of the time, even though the lover complains that he is in a difficult situation, he cannot prevent it. The lover is happy and peaceful to the extent that he is close to his beloved. The heart will also be happy to the extent that it is close to the beloved. Another aspect of the concept of heart is the heart of the beloved. The cruel, hard heart of the beloved appears before us in contrast to the suffering heart of the lover.
The heart is accustomed to troubles, it has wisdom. We see that the concept of heart is frequently used within the Sufi framework in classical Turkish poetry. In such poems, the heart is the center of divine love. Because of this exalted position, care should be taken to keep it pure and not to contaminate it with sins such as arrogance and hatred. In poems expressing both human and divine love, the heart is held superior to the mind. Sufism, which is an important source in the formation of Divan poetry, is based on love.”
For Turkish literature, more specifically for classical Turkish literature, the word “heart” is of great importance. The heart is the only place where the human self experiences all material and spiritual emotions. In this article, it is tried to determine in which contexts the concept of heart is used in Sehî Bey's divan.
Keywords
Sehî Bey Divanı’nda Gönül
Öz
Gönül kavramı Türk edebiyatının tüm safhalarında olduğu gibi Klasik Türk edebiyatında da önemli bir yere sahiptir. Farsça “dil”, Arapça “kalb” sözcüklerine karşılık gelen gönül kavramı sözlükte; “iman, sevgi ve nefretin, iyi ve kötü bütün duyguların kaynağı olduğu kabul edilen kalbin manevi yönü” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Klasik Türk şiirinde gönül sözcüğü; saray, harabe, ev, köle, müşteri, padişah, ayna, pervane, kuş, deli, ârif, ölü, av, avcı, çocuk, pehlivan, gül bahçesi gibi birçok kavram ile benzerlik ilişkisi içinde kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca divan şairleri gönlü akıldan üstün tutmuş ve onu aşk hazinesinin bulunduğu yer olarak yüceltmişlerdir. Gönül, kimi zaman da aşığın dert ortağı veya onu sıkıntılara düşüren bir konumda karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Klasik Türk şiirinde gönül kavramının tasavvufî çerçevede de sıklıkla işlendiğini görmekteyiz. Bu tür şiirlerde gönül, ilahî aşkın merkezi konumundadır. Bu yüce konumundan dolayı saf olarak kalmasına, kibir ve nefret gibi günahlarla kirlenmemesine özen gösterilmelidir. Bu makalede Sehî Bey Divanı’nda gönül kavramının hangi bağlamlarda kullanıldığı saptanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
