The Relationship Between Teachers’ Social Intelligence Level and Effective Communication Skills

Abstract

This study aims to explore the effect of communication skills of teachers on their levels of social intelligence. As a sample, 371 teachers employed in public schools in Siverek district of Şanlıurfa, Türkiye was chosen by using simple random sampling method. Employing a correlational model, the researchers utilized "Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS)", "Effective Communication Skills Scale (ECSS)" and demographic information form for data collection. The analysis of the data was carried out using the IBM SPSS Programb by employing descriptive statistics. The findings indicates that teachers have highly developed social intelligence and communication skills. These findings demonstrates a positive, moderately strong, statistically significant relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, the study uncoveres that sub-dimensions of self-recognition/self-disclosure and empathy within ECSS explains social intelligence significantly. This shows that teachers’ effective communication skills are a substantial predictor of social intelligence sub-dimensions, explaining 41% of the first sub-dimension (SIP), 34% of the second sub-dimension (SS) and 19% of the third sub-dimension (SA). Moreover, it was shown that 46% of the variance in social intelligence was significantly predicted by teachers’ effective communication skills.

Keywords

• communication
• effective communication
• effective communication skills
• intelligence
• social Intelligence

Öğretmenlerin Sosyal Zekâ Düzeyi ile Etkili İletişim Becerileri Arasındaki İlişki

Abstract

Bu çalışma öğretmenlerin iletişim becerilerinin sosyal zeka düzeylerine etkisini keşfetmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Örneklem olarak Şanlıurfa'nın Siverek ilçesindeki devlet okullarında görev yapan 371 öğretmen basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilmiştir. Korelasyon modeli kullanan araştırmacılar veri toplamak amacıyla "Tromso Sosyal Zeka Ölçeği (TSIS)" ve "Etkili İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği (ECSS)"nden yararlanmışlardır. Ayrıca katılımcıların demografik verileri için araştırmacıların kendilerine ait kişisel bilgi formu kullanıldı. Verilerin analizi, tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak IBM SPSS Programa kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın bulguları öğretmenlerin sosyal zeka ve iletişim becerilerinin oldukça gelişmiş olduğunu gösterdi. Bu bulgular, iki değişken arasında pozitif, orta derecede güçlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koydu. Ayrıca çalışma, ECSS'de yer alan kendini tanıma/kendini açma ve empati alt boyutlarının sosyal zekayı anlamlı düzeyde açıkladığını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışma, öğretmenlerin etkili iletişim becerilerinin sosyal zeka alt boyutlarının önemli bir yordayıcısı olduğunu, birinci alt boyutun (SIP) %41'ini, ikinci alt boyutun (SS) %34'ünü ve üçüncü alt boyutun %19'unu açıkladığını göstermiştir. alt boyutu (SA). Ayrıca sosyal zekadaki varyansın %46'sının öğretmenlerin etkili iletişim becerileri tarafından anlamlı düzeyde yordandığı bulunmuştur.

Keywords

• iletişim
• etkili iletişim
• etkili iletişim becerileri
• zeka
• sosyal zeka

References

1. Adıgüzel, M. (2020). Investigation of the relationship between problem solving and effective communication skills of independent kindergarten administrators [Master’s thesis, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University].
2. Aksungur, G. (2018). The analysis of Turkish teachers’ perception regarding effective communication skills in classroom [Master’s thesis, Ahi Evran University].
3. Albrecht, K. (2006). Social intelligence: The new science of success. Jossey-Bass, A Wiley Imprint.
4. Barnlund, D. C. (1970). A transactional model of communication. Communication theory. In J. Akın, A. Goldberg, G. Myers, & J. Stewart (Eds.). Language behavior: A book of readings in communication (pp. 43-61). Mouton.
5. Bee, S. B. (2012). The impact of teachers’ communication skills on teaching: Reflections of pre-service teachers on their communication strengths and weaknesses. Humanising Language Teaching, 14(1), 14-23.
6. Buluş, M., Atan, A., & Sarıkaya, H. E. (2017). Effective communication skills: A new conceptual framework and scale development study. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2017.02.020
7. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2021). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (31th ed.). Pegem Akademi.
8. Canary, D. J., & Spitzberg, B. H. (1987). Appropriateness and effectiveness perceptions of conflict strategies. Human communication research, 14(1), 93-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1987.tb00123.x

9. Cantor, N., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (2011). Social intelligence. In R.J. Sternberg, & S.B. Kaufman (Eds.), The cambridge handbook of intelligence (1st ed., pp.564-581). Cambridge.
10. Cobley, P. (2008). Communication: Definitions and Concepts. In W. Donsbach (Eds.), The International Encyclopedia of Communication. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405186407.wbiecc071
11. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. (5th ed.). SAGE Publishing.
12. Doğan, T., & Çeti̇n, B. (2009). The Validity, Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Turkish Version of the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 9(2), 691-720.
13. Duta, N., Panisoara, G., & Panisoara, I. O. (2015). The Effective Communication in Teaching. Diagnostic study regarding the academic learning motivation to students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 1007-1012. https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.064
14. Galton, F. (1874). English men of science: Their nature and nurture (1st ed.). Macmillan.
15. Gardner, H. (1993). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. (10th ed.). Basic Books.
16. Gkonou, C., & Mercer, S. (2017). Understanding emotional and social intelligence among English language teachers. British Council ELT Research Papers.
17. Goleman, D. (2006). Social Intelligence: The new science of human relationships. (1st ed.). Bantam Books.
18. Goleman, D. (2007). Sosyal zekâ: İnsan ilişkilerinin yeni bilimi (1st ed.). (O.Ç. Deniztekin, Trans.). Varlık Yayınları. (Original work published 2006).
19. Hançer, M., & Tanrisevdi, A. (2003). Sosyal zeka kavraminin bir boyutu olarak empati ve performans üzerine bir inceleme. CU Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 27(2), 211-225.
20. Juchniewicz, J. (2010). The influence of social intelligence on effective music teaching. Journal of Research in Music Education, 58(3), 276-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022429410378368
21. Kaya, İ. (2022). The effect of employees' effective communication skills on interpersonal problem-solving behaviors [Master’s thesis, İstanbul Kültür University].
22. Kaya, N., Turan, N., Kamberova, H. A., Cenal, Y., Kahraman, A., & Evren, M. (2016). Communication skills and social intelligence level of nursing students according to art characteristics. Journal of Education and Researchin Nursing, 13(1), 50-58.
23. Khan, A., Khan, S., Zia-Ul-Islam, S., & Khan, M. (2017). Communication skills of a teacher and its role in the development of the students' academic success. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(1), 18-21.
24. Köklü, N., Büyüköztürk, Ş., & Çokluk, Ö. (2021). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik (25th ed.). Pegem Akademi.
25. Littlejohn, S. W., & Foss, K. A. (Eds.) (2009). Encyclopedia of communication theory (1st ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc.
26. Lohr, S. (2009). Sampling: design and analysis (2nd ed.). Cengage Learning.
27. Marlowe, H. A. (1986). Social intelligence: evidence for multidimensionality and construct. Journal of Educational Psychology, 78(1), 52-58.
28. Narula, U. (2006). Handbook of communication models, perspectives, strategies (1st ed.). Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
29. Öz, Y. C., Er, R. A., & Uran, İ. O. (2021). Evaluation of effective communication skills of university students in the field of health: Example of Kocaeli. Kocaeli Medical Journal, 11(2):204-214. https://doi.org/10.5505/ktd.2022.70456
30. Özdemir, N., & Adıgüzel, V. (2021). The relationship between social intelligence, self-esteem and resilience in healthcare professionals and the affecting factors. Journal Of Psychiatric Nursing, 12(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2020.96658
31. Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
32. Silvera, D., Martinussen, M., & Dahl, T. I. (2001). The tromsø social intelligence scale, a self‐report measure of social intelligence. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42(4), 313-319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00242
33. Söğüt, S., Cangöl, E., & Güven, S. (2021). Determination of the social intelligence levels and the professional perceptions of midwives. Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School, 9(1), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.33715/inonusaglik.812135
34. Spencer, H. (1896). The principles of psychology (1st ed.) D. Appleton and Company.
35. Steinberg, S. (2007). An introduction to communication studies (1st ed.). Juta and Company Ltd.
36. Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
37. TLA. (2023). Dictionary. Access address https://sozluk.gov.tr/.
38. Usluata, A. (1991) İletişim. (96th ed.). İletişim Yayınları.
39. Uygun, K., & Arıbaş, B. B. (2020). Examining the Relationship between Social Intelligence Levels and Communication Skills of Prospective Social Studies Teachers. Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 15(1), 232-252. https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2020.236.13
40. Ülker, Ç. (2016). Meslek yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin sosyal zeka ve iletişim becerilerinin farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi [Master’s thesis, Nişantaşı University].
41. Ünsal, Y., & İhtiyaroğlu, N. (2022). Analyzing the relationship between teachers' personality traits and effective communication skills. MSKU Journal of Education, 9(1), 98-109.
42. Yaşar Ekici, F., Türk E. S., Asyalı, M., Kıroğlu Z. (2018). Investigation of technology acceptance/use levels and communication skills of pre-school teacher candidates. In H. Babacan, T. Soldatović, N. Delobegović Dzanić, H. Hülür, S. Coşkun (Eds.), Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimlerde Akademik Araştırmalar-II (pp. 125-149). Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi.
43. Walker, R. E., & Foley, J. M. (1973). Social intelligence: Its history and measurement. Psychological Reports, 33(3), 839-864. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1973.33.3.839
44. Weaver, W. (1953). Recent contributions to the mathematical theory of communication. ETC: a review of general semantics, 261-281.
45. Wechler, D. (1981). The psychometric tradition: Developing the Wechler adult intelligence scale. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 6(2), 82-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-476X(81)90035-7
46. Wenxiu, P. (2015). Analysis of New Media Communication Based on Lasswell’s “5W” Model. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 5(3), 245-249. https://doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2015.v5n3p245
47. Wolf, T. H. (1973). Alfred binet (1st ed.). University of Chicago Press.