Görsel ve Fiziksel Programlamaya Dayalı Fen Etkinliklerinin Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin 21. Yüzyıl ve Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünme Becerileri Üzerindeki Etkisi
Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 858 - 882, 31.07.2025
Habibe Güneş
,
Sevda Küçük
Abstract
Yapay zekâ çağında günümüz eğitiminin temel hedeflerinden biri 21. yy becerilerine sahip yaratıcı düşünebilen, problem çözebilen, eleştirel düşünebilen, işbirliği ve iletişim becerileri kuvvetli, yenilikçi ve üretken bireyler yetiştirmektir. Bu çalışmada fen bilgisi eğiticilerinin hazırladıkları Bilgi Temelli Hayat Problemleri içeren FeTeMM’e dayalı ders planları ile görsel ve fiziksel programlama etkinliklerinin ortaokul öğrencilerinin 21.yy ve bilgi işlemsel düşünme (BİD) becerilerine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma grubunu yaz kursuna katılan 15 ortaokul öğrencisi ve 3 fen bilgisi eğiticisi oluşturmaktadır. Uygulama iki haftada 30 saatlik müdahaleyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Uygulamada ortaokul fen bilgisi dersi konularından güneş sistemi ve ötesi, kuvvet ve hareket, kuvvet ve enerji, yenilenebilir enerji, elektrik devreleri ile ses ve özellikleri konularında etkinlikler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Bilgi İşlemsel Düşünme Becerisi Öz-yeterlik Algısı ölçeği ile Ortaokul Öğrencilerine Yönelik 21. Yüzyıl Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama sonrasında eğiticilerden yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve yansıtıcı günlükler yoluyla ortaokul öğrencilerinin 21. yy ve BİD becerilerine ilişkin görüşleri alınmıştır. Nicel veriler Wilcoxon İşaretli Sıralar testiyle analiz edilmiş, nitel veriler ise içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Bulgulara göre etkinliklerin ortaokul öğrencilerinin 21.yy düşünme becerileri ve bilgi işlemsel düşünme (BİD) öz yeterlik algısı üzerinde anlamlı bir fark oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin 21. yy becerilerinde yüksek etki düzeyinde bir değişim olduğu, BİD öz yeterlik algılarında ise algoritma tasarlama, problem çözme, veri işleme, temel programlama ve özgüven boyutlarının hepsinde yüksek etki düzeyinde gelişme olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Eğiticiler de nicel bulguları destekleyen şekilde öğrencilerinin 21. yy becerileri ve BİD becerilerinin uygulama sonrası geliştirdiğini düşünmektedirler. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda uygulama sürecine ve gelecek araştırmalara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
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The Impact of Visual and Physical Programming-Based Science Activities on Middle School Students’ 21st Century and Computational Thinking Skills
Year 2025,
Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 858 - 882, 31.07.2025
Habibe Güneş
,
Sevda Küçük
Abstract
In the age of artificial intelligence, one of the main goals of education today is to produce innovative and productive individuals with 21st century skills, who can think creatively, solve problems, think critically, and have strong collaboration and communication skills. This study examines the impact of STEM-based lesson plans that incorporate knowledge-based life problems (APoKS) and visual-physical programming activities on middle school students' 21st century and computational thinking (CT) skills. The study involved 15 middle school students enrolled in a summer course and three science teachers. A 30-hour intervention was delivered over two weeks, covering topics such as the solar system, force and motion, renewable energy, electrical circuits and sound. Data were collected using the Computational Thinking Skills Self-Efficacy Perception Scale and the 21st Century Skills Scale. After implementation, educators provided insight through semi-structured interviews and reflective diaries. Quantitative data were analysed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, while qualitative data were examined using content analysis. Results indicate that the activities significantly improved students' 21st century thinking and CT self-efficacy. High impact improvements were observed in algorithm design, problem solving, data processing, programming and confidence. Educators confirmed these findings, noting the development of students' 21st-century and CT skills. Recommendations for future implementation and research are provided based on the findings.
Ethical Statement
“In this study, the principles of publication ethics have been adhered to, and the ethical permission for the research has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Ataturk University Institute of Educational Sciences with the document number E-56785782-050.02.04-2200101348 on March 31, 2022.”
Thanks
"We sincerely thank our young students and dedicated educators, whose eyes shine with inspiration, for their valuable contributions to our work."
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