Dijital Dönüşüm Çağında Liderlik: Turizm Organizasyonlarında Kalabalık Yalnızlık ve Dijital Bağımlılıkla Mücadele

Öz

Bu çalışma, dijitalleşmenin bireysel ve örgütsel dönüşümünün bir sonucu olarak turizm organizasyonlarında yaşanan “kalabalık yalnızlık” ve “dijital bağımlılık” olgularını liderlik perspektifinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kalabalık yalnızlık, bireylerin dijital bağlantılarla fiziksel olarak başkalarıyla çevrili olsalar da duygusal ve sosyal olarak izole hissettikleri bir durumdur. Dijitalleşme etkinliği artırırken, çalışanlar arasındaki insani ilişkileri zayıflatmakta ve bireylerin dijital kaynaklara olan kişisel bağımlılığını artırmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın gerekçesi, liderlerin bu tür zorluklara yönelik stratejik çözümler geliştirme ihtiyacına bir yanıt niteliği taşımaktadır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak literatür taraması kullanılmış; Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ProQuest ve EBSCOhost gibi ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarından yararlanılmıştır. Dijital çağda liderlik, çalışan refahı ve turizm sektöründeki örgütsel sorunlar araştırmanın temel odak alanlarını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma, dijital çağın gereksinimlerine yanıt verebilen, çalışanların ihtiyaçlarına empatiyle yaklaşan ve sanal ortamlarda etkili ilişkiler kurabilen bir liderliğin, uzun vadeli örgütsel başarı için kritik öneme sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dijital Çağda Liderlik
• Organizasyonlarda Kalabalık Yalnızlık
• Dijital Bağımlılık
• Dijitalleşmede Örgütsel Zorluklar
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Leadership in the Age of Digital Transformation: Addressing Crowded Loneliness and Digital Dependency in Tourism Organizations

Öz

The study aims to explore the phenomena of "crowded loneliness" and "digi-tal dependency" that are experienced within tourism organizations as an aftermath of individual and organizational transformation caused by digitalization from a leader-ship point of view. Crowded loneliness is a state in which people are emotionally and socially isolated despite being physically surrounded by others through digital connec-tions. While digitalization enhances effectiveness, it erodes relationships between hu-man beings that exist among employees and increases personal dependence on digital resources. In this case, the rationale for the study is a response to the need of leaders to develop strategic solutions to such challenges. The research method used is literature review, utilizing national and international databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost. Central concerns are leadership in the digital age, employee well-being, and organizational issues within the tourism sector. The study finds that leadership responsive to the demands of the digital age, empa-thetic to employees' needs, and capable of building successful relationships in virtual environments are critical for long-term organizational success.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leadership in the Digital Age
• Crowded Loneliness in Organizations
• Digi-tal Dependency
• Organizational Challenges in Digitalization
• Sustainability

Kaynakça

1. Akkirman, A., & Harris, D. (2005). Organizational communication satisfaction in the virtual workplace. Journal of Management Development, 24(5), 397–409.
2. Andreassen, C. S. (2015). Online social network site addiction: A comprehensive review. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 175–184.
3. Avolio, B. J., & Kahai, S. S. (2003). Adding the “E” to E-leadership: How it may impact your leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 325–338.
4. Bartel, C. A., Wrzesniewski, A., & Wiesenfeld, B. M. (2012). Knowing where you stand: Physical isolation, perceived respect, and organizational identification among virtual employees. Organization Science, 23(3), 743–757.
5. Bell, B. S., & Kozlowski, S. W. (2002). A typology of virtual teams: Implications for effective leadership. Group & Organization Management, 27(1), 14–49.
6. Cascio, W. F., & Montealegre, R. (2016). How technology is changing work and organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 349–375.
7. Contreras, F., Baykal, E., & Abid, G. (2020). E-leadership and teleworking in times of COVID-19 and beyond: What we know and where do we go. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 590271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590271
8. Cortellazzo, L., Bruni, E., & Zampieri, R. (2019). The role of leadership in a digitalized world: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1938. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01938

9. Çelik, G. G. (2021). Örgüt kültürünün örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi: Sağlık sektöründe bir araştırma. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(36), 2740–2766. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.886726
10. Gibson, C. B., & Gibbs, J. L. (2006). Unpacking the concept of virtuality: The effects of geographic dispersion, electronic dependence, dynamic structure, and national diversity on team innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51(3), 451–495.
11. Grant, C. A., Wallace, L. M., & Spurgeon, P. C. (2013). An exploration of the psychological factors affecting remote e-workers' job effectiveness, well-being and work-life balance. Employee Relations, 35(5), 527–546.
12. Liao, M., Li, S., & Liu, H. (2024). The impact mechanism of telework on job performance: A cross-level moderation model of digital leadership. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 12520.
13. Northouse, P. G. (2021). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
14. Okoli, C., & Schabram, K. (2015). A guide to conducting a systematic literature review of information systems research. Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1954824
15. Powell, A., Piccoli, G., & Ives, B. (2004). Virtual teams: A review of current literature and directions for future research. ACM SIGMIS Database, 35(1), 6–36.
16. Skogli, S., & Weierød, O. (2023). Home office and worker's experience with digital communication: Relationship with organisational, team, and individual variables (Master’s thesis, University of Stavanger). https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/handle/11250/3077311
17. Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.
18. Strielkowski, W., Firsova, I., Azarova, S., & Shatskaya, I. (2022). Novel insights in the leadership in business and economics: A post-coronavirus update. Economies, 10(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10020048
19. Webster, J., & Watson, R. T. (2002). Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: Writing a literature review. MIS Quarterly, 26(2), xiii–xxiii.
20. Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237–244.