Araştırma Makalesi
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Çöl Arketipinde Teleoloji ve Ateleoloji: Yusuf ile Züleyha ile Çorak Ülke’nin Mit, Liminalite ve Kültürel Bellek Çerçevesinde Karşılaştırmalı Okumalar

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 41 - 60, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.70916/buefd.1761896

Öz

Bu çalışma, Yusuf ile Züleyha ile Çorak Ülke (The Waste Land) metinlerini, “çöl/çorak ülke” arketipinin teleolojik ve ateleolojik kurguları bağlamında karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Araştırma, Mircea Eliade’nin kutsal/profan diyalektiği, Victor Turner’ın liminalite kuramı, Northrop Frye’ın arketipsel eleştirisi ve Jan Assmann’ın kültürel bellek kuramı ekseninde dört disiplinli bir kuramsal çerçeveye dayanmaktadır. Yusuf ile Züleyha’da çöl, ilahi düzen içinde yer alan amaçlı bir sınav alanı olarak kurgulanır; kıtlık, vahiy temelli öngörü ve adalet ile yönetilir, toplumsal bütünlük ve ahlaki yenilenme ile son bulur. Teleolojik bir anlatı yapısı içinde kriz, dönüşüm ve yeniden doğuş döngüsüne hizmet eder. Kültürel bellek, dini bağlam üzerinden işlevsel olarak canlı tutulur; arketipsel kış, bahara dönüşür. Buna karşılık, Çorak Ülke’de çöl, anlamı çözülen bir sembolik düzlem olarak belirir. Kutsal imler, bağlamlarından kopmuş estetik kalıntılara dönüşür; liminalite süreci tamamlanmaz, yenilenme gerçekleşmez. Ateleolojik yapı, sürekli askıda kalma ve kültürel belleğin parçalanması ile sonuçlanır. Arketipsel döngü bilinçli olarak askıya alınır, çöl bir “nihai boşluk” mekânına dönüşür. Sonuç olarak, çalışma, çöl arketipinin evrensel değil, kültüre ve bağlama bağlı olarak işleyen esnek bir anlatısal yapı olarak işlev gördüğünü gösterir. Bir gelenekte “şifa mekânı” işlevi gören çöl, diğerinde “durağanlık mekânı”na dönüşür. Bu karşılaştırma, edebî arketiplerin anlam üretiminde kültürel, teolojik ve belleksel altyapının belirleyici rolünü vurgular. Elde edilen bulgular, arketipsel çözümlemelerde bağlamsal ve disiplinlerarası yaklaşımın zorunluluğunu açığa çıkarmakta; edebî incelemelerde kültürlerarası okumanın sunduğu yeni imkânlara dikkat çekmektedir. Bu bağlamda çöl, yalnızca anlatının mekânsal arka planı değil, kültürün kendi varoluşsal sınavını yansıtan bir epistemik ayna olarak belirir.

Kaynakça

  • Assmann, J. (2011). Cultural memory and early civilization: Writing, remembrance, and political imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511996306 Bell, C. (1997). Ritual: Perspectives and dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Coupe, L. (2009). Myth. London: Routledge.
  • Damrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Damrosch, D. (2018). Comparing the literatures: Literary studies in a global age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Eliade, M. (1959). The sacred and the profane: The nature of religion (W. R. Trask, Trans.). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
  • Eliot, T. S. (2015). The waste land (M. North, Ed.). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1922)
  • Finnegan, R. (2012). Oral literature in Africa. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers.
  • Frazer, J. G. (1993). The golden bough: A study in magic and religion. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions.
  • Frye, N. (1957). Anatomy of criticism: Four essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Goldman, J. (2018). Modernism is the literature of celebrity. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Hutcheon, L. (1988). A poetics of postmodernism: History, theory, fiction. New York: Routledge.
  • Kearney, R. (2010). Anatheism: Returning to God after God. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Kenner, H. (1973). The invisible poet: T. S. Eliot. London: Methuen.
  • Levenson, M. (2015). Modernism. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Menand, L. (2007). Discovering modernism: T. S. Eliot and his context. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Moretti, F. (2000). Conjectures on world literature. New Left Review, 1, 54-68.
  • Moretti, F. (2013). Distant reading. London, UK: Verso.
  • Nasr, S. H. (2006). The heart of Islam: Enduring values for humanity. New York: HarperOne.
  • Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, 26, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520
  • Perloff, M. (1981). The poetics of indeterminacy: Rimbaud to Cage. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1983). The world, the text, and the critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (2003). Death of a discipline. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Szakolczai, Á. (2020). Permanent liminality and modernity. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Süreya, C. (1988). Sevda sözleri. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. (1989). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Thomassen, B. (2014). Liminality and the modern: Living through the in-between. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  • Turner, V. (1969). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Chicago: Aldine.
  • Zaman, M. Q. (2012). Modern Islamic thought in a radical age: Religious authority and internal criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Teleology and Ateleology in the Desert Archetype: Comparative Readings of Yusuf and Zuleikha and The Waste Land within the Framework of Myth, Liminality, and Cultural Memory

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 41 - 60, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.70916/buefd.1761896

Öz

This study compares Yusuf and Zuleikha and The Waste Land within the framework of teleological and ateleological constructions of the “desert/waste land” archetype. It draws on a four-disciplinary framework incorporating Mircea Eliade’s sacred/profane dialectic, Victor Turner’s liminality theory, Northrop Frye’s archetypal criticism, and Jan Assmann’s cultural memory theory. In Yusuf and Zuleikha, the desert is a purposeful testing ground within the divine order; the famine is managed with revelation-based foresight and justice, ending in social cohesion and moral renewal. Within a teleological structure, crisis serves the cycle of transformation and rebirth. Cultural memory is sustained through a religious context; the archetypal winter turns to spring. In The Waste Land, the desert is a symbolic plane whose meaning has eroded. Sacred signs appear as aesthetic remnants detached from their contexts; the liminal process remains incomplete, and renewal does not occur. The ateleological structure results in ongoing suspension and fragmented cultural memory. The archetypal cycle is withheld, turning the desert into a “space of ultimate void.” The study shows that the desert archetype is not universal but a flexible narrative structure shaped by culture and context. In one tradition, it is a “space of healing,” in the other, a “space of stasis.” This contrast highlights the role of cultural, theological, and mnemonic infrastructures in producing meaning in literary archetypes. The findings reveal the necessity of contextual and interdisciplinary approaches in archetypal analysis. The desert thus emerges not only as a spatial backdrop but as an epistemic mirror reflecting a culture’s existential trial.

Kaynakça

  • Assmann, J. (2011). Cultural memory and early civilization: Writing, remembrance, and political imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511996306 Bell, C. (1997). Ritual: Perspectives and dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Braidotti, R. (2013). The posthuman. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Coupe, L. (2009). Myth. London: Routledge.
  • Damrosch, D. (2003). What is world literature? Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Damrosch, D. (2018). Comparing the literatures: Literary studies in a global age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Eliade, M. (1959). The sacred and the profane: The nature of religion (W. R. Trask, Trans.). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World.
  • Eliot, T. S. (2015). The waste land (M. North, Ed.). New York: Norton. (Original work published 1922)
  • Finnegan, R. (2012). Oral literature in Africa. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers.
  • Frazer, J. G. (1993). The golden bough: A study in magic and religion. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions.
  • Frye, N. (1957). Anatomy of criticism: Four essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Goldman, J. (2018). Modernism is the literature of celebrity. Austin: University of Texas Press.
  • Hutcheon, L. (1988). A poetics of postmodernism: History, theory, fiction. New York: Routledge.
  • Kearney, R. (2010). Anatheism: Returning to God after God. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • Kenner, H. (1973). The invisible poet: T. S. Eliot. London: Methuen.
  • Levenson, M. (2015). Modernism. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Menand, L. (2007). Discovering modernism: T. S. Eliot and his context. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Moretti, F. (2000). Conjectures on world literature. New Left Review, 1, 54-68.
  • Moretti, F. (2013). Distant reading. London, UK: Verso.
  • Nasr, S. H. (2006). The heart of Islam: Enduring values for humanity. New York: HarperOne.
  • Nora, P. (1989). Between memory and history: Les lieux de mémoire. Representations, 26, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.2307/2928520
  • Perloff, M. (1981). The poetics of indeterminacy: Rimbaud to Cage. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Said, E. W. (1983). The world, the text, and the critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Spivak, G. C. (2003). Death of a discipline. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Szakolczai, Á. (2020). Permanent liminality and modernity. London, UK: Routledge.
  • Süreya, C. (1988). Sevda sözleri. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version. (1989). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Thomassen, B. (2014). Liminality and the modern: Living through the in-between. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
  • Turner, V. (1969). The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Chicago: Aldine.
  • Zaman, M. Q. (2012). Modern Islamic thought in a radical age: Religious authority and internal criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Karşılaştırmalı ve Ulusötesi Edebiyat
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Serap Sarıbaş 0000-0002-4079-8024

Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 8 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarıbaş, S. (2025). Teleology and Ateleology in the Desert Archetype: Comparative Readings of Yusuf and Zuleikha and The Waste Land within the Framework of Myth, Liminality, and Cultural Memory. Bartın Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.70916/buefd.1761896