Hayvan Beslemede KullanılanToksin Bağlayıcılar

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 325 - 335, 31.12.2019

Mehmet Gül Şermin Top

Öz

Hayvan beslemede kullanılan yemlerin hasat öncesi, sırası ve sonrasında mikotoksinlerle kirlenmesi hayvanlar, üreticiler ve tüketicilerin sağlığını etkileyen önemli bir sorundur. Bu mikotoksinler, özellikle yemlerin yeterince kuruması beklenmeden ya da nemli ortamlarda depolanması sonucunda, gelişmesi kaçınılmaz olan küf mantarları tarafından üretilmektedir. Yemlerde en sık karşılaşılan mikotoksinler aflatoksin B1, okratoksin, fumonisin, deoksinivalenol, trikotesen ve zearalenondur. Hayvan yemlerinde mikotoksinlerin zararsız hale getirilmesi için birçok yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntemler arasında en çok tercih edileni yemde toksin bağlayıcıların kullanılmasıdır. Toksin bağlayıcılar, mikotoksinleri bağlayarak gastrointestinal sistemden emilmesini engelleyen ve dışkı ile atılmasını sağlayan besleyici olmayan adsorbanlardır. Bu sayede hayvan üzerindeki toksik etkileri en aza indirirler. Bu adsorbanlar içerisinde en çok tercih edileni alüminosilikatlardır, bunu aktif kömür ve sentetik polimerler takip etmektedir. Ayrıca bakteri, maya, mantar ve enzimler gibi organik toksin bağlayıcılar da bu amaç için kullanılabilmektedir. Bu derleme ile hayvan besleme alanında kullanılan toksin bağlayıcıların etkileri detaylı bir şekilde irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mikotoksinler, yem katkı maddeleri, toksin bağlayıcılar

Kaynakça

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