Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

AFRİKA TOPLULUKLARINDA TABİAT KÜLTÜ VE TABİİ UNSURLARA ATFEDİLEN GÜÇLER

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 2 - 16, 28.12.2017

Hammet Arslan

Öz

Tabiat, canlı ve cansız varlıkların hepsini ihtiva
eder. İnsanlık tarihinde hemen hemen her din ve kültürde tabii unsurlara büyük
önem atfedildiği dikkati çekmektedir. Onların bir takım yüce güçlere sahip
olduğuna inanılmıştır. Bu durum bir takım tabiat kültlerinin oluşmasına neden
olmuştur. Afrika topluluklarında da tabiat kültlerine rastlanır. Afrika
topluluklarında gök, güneş, ay, toprak, su, dağ, taş, ağaç, hayvan gibi varlıklara
bir takım güçler atfedilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu tabii unsurlar bir kült haline
gelmiştir. Bu çalışmamızda, Afrika kıtasında yaygın olan tabiat kültlerini ve
tabii unsurlara atfedilen güçleri ele almaya çalışacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afrika Tabiat Kült Güç Ruh

Kaynakça

  • Akintoye, Stephen, (2010), A History of the Yoruba People, Amalion.
  • Appiah, Anthony & Gates, Henry Louis, (2010), Encyclopedia of Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Arslan, Hammet, (2004), Bir Din Araştırıcısı Olarak Geoffrey Parrinder: Hayatı, Bilimsel Kişiliği ve Dinler Tarihine Katkıları, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), DEÜ, SBE, İzmir.
  • Berglund, Axel-Ivar, (1976), Zulu Thought-Patterns and Symbolism, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
  • Bram, Jean Rhys, (2005), “Moon”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. IX, s. 6170-6176.
  • Bram, Jean Rhys, (2005), “Sun”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. XIII, s. 8834-8844.
  • Caldecott, Moyra, Myths of the Sacred Tree: Including Myths from Africa, Native America, China, Sumeria, Russia, Greece, India, Scandinavia, Europe, Egypt, South America, Arabia, Rochester, Vt., 1993.
  • Demirci, Kürşat, (1998), “Hayvan”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. XVII, s. 81-85.
  • Eliade Mircea, & Sullivan, Lawrence E., (2005), “Earth”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. IV, s. 2554-2561.
  • Eliade, Mircea, (2003), Dinler Tarihine Giriş, (Çev. Lale Arslan), İstanbul: Kabalcı.
  • Fage, John D., (2001), History of Africa, London: Routledge.
  • Falola, Toyin, & Jean-Jacques, Daniel, (2015), Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society, ABC-CLIO.
  • Frazer, James G., (1911), Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, London: Macmillan.
  • _____, James G., (1926), The Worship of Nature, London.
  • Frese, Pamela R., & Gray, S. J. M., (2005), “Tress”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. XIV, s. 9333-9340.
  • Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke, (2014), Ed. and Trans., Among the Mende in Sierra Leone: The Letters from Sjoerd Hofstra (1934-1936), Leiden: African Studies Centre.
  • Güç, Ahmet, (1996), “Güneş”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. XIV, s. 288-291.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, (2009), “Su”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. XXXVII, s. 440-442.
  • Harman, Ömer Faruk, (1993), “Dağ”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. VIII, s. 400-401.
  • Janzen, John M., (1992), Ngoma: Discourses of Healing in Central and Southern Africa, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Jensen, E. and Krige, J. D., (1943), The Realm of a Rain-Queen: A Study of the Pattern of Lovedu Society, London: Oxford University Press.
  • Levi-Strauss, Claude, (1966), The Savage Mind, London.
  • Lucas, Jonathan Olumide, (1996), The Religion of the Yorubas, Athelia Henrietta Press.
  • Lurker, Manfred, (2005), “Snakes”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. XII, s. 8456-8460.
  • MacCormack, Carol P. and Marilyn Strathern, (1980), ed. Nature, Culture, and Gender, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Meek, C. K., (1937), Law and Authority in a Nigerian Tribe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Muller, F. Max, (1888), Natural Religion, London.
  • Mundkur, Balaji, (1983), The Cult of the Serpent: An Interdisciplinary Survey of Its Manifestations and Origins, , N. Y.: Albany.
  • Newman, James L., (1995), The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Njoku, John Eberegbulam, (1990), The Igbos of Nigeria: Ancient Rites, Changes, and Survival, NY: E. Mellen Press.
  • Obeng, Ernest E., (1986), Ancient Ashanti Chieftaincy, Ghana: Ghana Publishing Corporation.
  • Olson, James S., (1996), The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary, Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Orcutt, William Tyler, (2005), Sun Lore of All Ages: A Collection of Myths and Legends Concerning the Sun and Its Ages, Dover Publications.
  • Parrinder, G., (1953), Religion in an African City, London, Oxford University Press.
  • __________, (1961), West African Religion, London: The Epworth Press.
  • __________, (1974), African Traditional Religion, London: Sheldon Press.
  • __________, (1977), The World’s Living Religions, London: Pan Books.
  • __________, (1983), World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present, Ed., New York: Fact on File Publication.
  • __________, (1986), African Mythology, New York: Peter Bedrick Books.
  • __________, (1996), Sexual Morality in the World’s Religions, Oxford: Oneworld Publication.
  • Pritchett, James Anthony, (2007), Friends for Life, Friends for Death: Cohorts and Consciousness among the Lunda-Ndembu, Charlottesville: University of Virginia.
  • _______, James Anthony, (2001), The Lunda-Ndembu : Style, Change, and Social Transformation in South Central Africa, Madison: University of Wisconsin.
  • Sarıkçıoğlu, Ekrem, (2002), Din Fenomenolojisi, Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yay.
  • Shillington, Kevin, (1995), History of Africa, New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Stahl, Kathleen Mary, (1964), History of the Chagga People of Kilimanjaro, Mouton.
  • Sullivan, Lawrence E., (2005),“Nature: Worship of Nature”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, , C. IX, s. 6438-6441.
  • Tanyu, Hikmet, (1988),“Ağaç”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, , C. I, s. 456-457.
  • Tempels, P., (1959), Bantu Philosophy, Paris: Presence Africaine.
  • Turner, Victor, (1967), The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual, N.Y.: Ithaca.
  • Tylor, E. B., (1970), Primitive Culture, 2 vols. New York.
  • Venkatachalam, Meera, (2015), Slavery, Memory and Religion in Southeastern Ghana, c. 1850–Present, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5a15e1ea0a2d22.57082162 Erişim Tarihi: 22/11/2017.
  • http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5a22de3063efb3.31256571 Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2017.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouidah. Erişim Tarihi: 01/03/2017.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare_people. 21/03/2017.
  • https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nyy/30.11.2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Bantu_peoples. 22/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Ewe_people. 21/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Lunda_people. 11/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Mende_people. 21/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Nyakyusa_people. 01/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Transvaal. 22/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Zulu_people. 01/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/tr/Baobab. 12/03/2017.

THE CULT OF NATURE AND POWERS ATTRIBUTED TO NATURAL ELEMENTS IN THE AFRICAN COMMUNITIES

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8, 2 - 16, 28.12.2017

Hammet Arslan

Öz

Nature contains all of the living and inanimate beings. It is noteworthy that in human history, great importance is attached to natural elements in almost every religion and culture. It was believed that they had some supreme powers. This has led to the formation of some natural cults. The cults of nature are also found in African communities. In African communities, a number of forces have been attributed to beings such as sky, sun, moon, earth, water, mountain, stone, tree, animal etc. So these natural elements have become a cult. In this work we will try to deal the cults of nature that are common in Africa and the powers attributed to natural elements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Africa Nature Cult Power Spirit

Kaynakça

  • Akintoye, Stephen, (2010), A History of the Yoruba People, Amalion.
  • Appiah, Anthony & Gates, Henry Louis, (2010), Encyclopedia of Africa, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Arslan, Hammet, (2004), Bir Din Araştırıcısı Olarak Geoffrey Parrinder: Hayatı, Bilimsel Kişiliği ve Dinler Tarihine Katkıları, (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), DEÜ, SBE, İzmir.
  • Berglund, Axel-Ivar, (1976), Zulu Thought-Patterns and Symbolism, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
  • Bram, Jean Rhys, (2005), “Moon”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. IX, s. 6170-6176.
  • Bram, Jean Rhys, (2005), “Sun”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. XIII, s. 8834-8844.
  • Caldecott, Moyra, Myths of the Sacred Tree: Including Myths from Africa, Native America, China, Sumeria, Russia, Greece, India, Scandinavia, Europe, Egypt, South America, Arabia, Rochester, Vt., 1993.
  • Demirci, Kürşat, (1998), “Hayvan”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. XVII, s. 81-85.
  • Eliade Mircea, & Sullivan, Lawrence E., (2005), “Earth”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. IV, s. 2554-2561.
  • Eliade, Mircea, (2003), Dinler Tarihine Giriş, (Çev. Lale Arslan), İstanbul: Kabalcı.
  • Fage, John D., (2001), History of Africa, London: Routledge.
  • Falola, Toyin, & Jean-Jacques, Daniel, (2015), Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society, ABC-CLIO.
  • Frazer, James G., (1911), Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings, London: Macmillan.
  • _____, James G., (1926), The Worship of Nature, London.
  • Frese, Pamela R., & Gray, S. J. M., (2005), “Tress”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. XIV, s. 9333-9340.
  • Gijswijt-Hofstra, Marijke, (2014), Ed. and Trans., Among the Mende in Sierra Leone: The Letters from Sjoerd Hofstra (1934-1936), Leiden: African Studies Centre.
  • Güç, Ahmet, (1996), “Güneş”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. XIV, s. 288-291.
  • Gürkan, Salime Leyla, (2009), “Su”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. XXXVII, s. 440-442.
  • Harman, Ömer Faruk, (1993), “Dağ”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, C. VIII, s. 400-401.
  • Janzen, John M., (1992), Ngoma: Discourses of Healing in Central and Southern Africa, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Jensen, E. and Krige, J. D., (1943), The Realm of a Rain-Queen: A Study of the Pattern of Lovedu Society, London: Oxford University Press.
  • Levi-Strauss, Claude, (1966), The Savage Mind, London.
  • Lucas, Jonathan Olumide, (1996), The Religion of the Yorubas, Athelia Henrietta Press.
  • Lurker, Manfred, (2005), “Snakes”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, C. XII, s. 8456-8460.
  • MacCormack, Carol P. and Marilyn Strathern, (1980), ed. Nature, Culture, and Gender, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Meek, C. K., (1937), Law and Authority in a Nigerian Tribe, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Muller, F. Max, (1888), Natural Religion, London.
  • Mundkur, Balaji, (1983), The Cult of the Serpent: An Interdisciplinary Survey of Its Manifestations and Origins, , N. Y.: Albany.
  • Newman, James L., (1995), The Peopling of Africa: A Geographic Interpretation, New Haven: Yale University Press.
  • Njoku, John Eberegbulam, (1990), The Igbos of Nigeria: Ancient Rites, Changes, and Survival, NY: E. Mellen Press.
  • Obeng, Ernest E., (1986), Ancient Ashanti Chieftaincy, Ghana: Ghana Publishing Corporation.
  • Olson, James S., (1996), The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary, Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Orcutt, William Tyler, (2005), Sun Lore of All Ages: A Collection of Myths and Legends Concerning the Sun and Its Ages, Dover Publications.
  • Parrinder, G., (1953), Religion in an African City, London, Oxford University Press.
  • __________, (1961), West African Religion, London: The Epworth Press.
  • __________, (1974), African Traditional Religion, London: Sheldon Press.
  • __________, (1977), The World’s Living Religions, London: Pan Books.
  • __________, (1983), World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present, Ed., New York: Fact on File Publication.
  • __________, (1986), African Mythology, New York: Peter Bedrick Books.
  • __________, (1996), Sexual Morality in the World’s Religions, Oxford: Oneworld Publication.
  • Pritchett, James Anthony, (2007), Friends for Life, Friends for Death: Cohorts and Consciousness among the Lunda-Ndembu, Charlottesville: University of Virginia.
  • _______, James Anthony, (2001), The Lunda-Ndembu : Style, Change, and Social Transformation in South Central Africa, Madison: University of Wisconsin.
  • Sarıkçıoğlu, Ekrem, (2002), Din Fenomenolojisi, Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Yay.
  • Shillington, Kevin, (1995), History of Africa, New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Stahl, Kathleen Mary, (1964), History of the Chagga People of Kilimanjaro, Mouton.
  • Sullivan, Lawrence E., (2005),“Nature: Worship of Nature”, Encyclopedia of Religion, Ed. Lindsay Jones, Second Edition, USA: Macmillan, , C. IX, s. 6438-6441.
  • Tanyu, Hikmet, (1988),“Ağaç”, Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (DİA), İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, , C. I, s. 456-457.
  • Tempels, P., (1959), Bantu Philosophy, Paris: Presence Africaine.
  • Turner, Victor, (1967), The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual, N.Y.: Ithaca.
  • Tylor, E. B., (1970), Primitive Culture, 2 vols. New York.
  • Venkatachalam, Meera, (2015), Slavery, Memory and Religion in Southeastern Ghana, c. 1850–Present, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5a15e1ea0a2d22.57082162 Erişim Tarihi: 22/11/2017.
  • http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5a22de3063efb3.31256571 Erişim Tarihi: 02/12/2017.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouidah. Erişim Tarihi: 01/03/2017.
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pare_people. 21/03/2017.
  • https://www.ethnologue.com/language/nyy/30.11.2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Bantu_peoples. 22/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Ewe_people. 21/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Lunda_people. 11/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Mende_people. 21/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Nyakyusa_people. 01/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Transvaal. 22/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/en/Zulu_people. 01/03/2017.
  • https://www.wikizero.com/tr/Baobab. 12/03/2017.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Din Araştırmaları
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Hammet Arslan

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Aralık 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Arslan, Hammet. “AFRİKA TOPLULUKLARINDA TABİAT KÜLTÜ VE TABİİ UNSURLARA ATFEDİLEN GÜÇLER”. Bartın Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi 4/8 (Aralık 2017), 2-16.

Bartın Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 (CC BY-NC) Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. 

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

by-nc.png