Araştırma Makalesi
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Learning by Experiencing the Space: Informal Learning Environments in Architecture Education

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 81 - 92, 16.02.2016

Öz

This paper discusses the effects of a structured programme in an informal learning environment in higher education and aims to initiate the integration of other forms of education into the formal education system in architectural education. Acknowledging the relationship between learning and the context, the programme was designed to take place in an informal setting, ie. the city with its buildings, museums and urban spaces. Participants were a group of students from the architecture department of a Turkish university. The informal learning environment was six different cities in a foreign country, Italy that was unfamiliar to the students. The authors evaluated the program using preinstruction and postinstruction sketches of an architectural design, written comments of the students, and a report written by the instructor. Students demonstrated marked improvement in creativity, expression of ideas, and sketching technique. Results of the study may provide some insight into the use of informal education in higher education.

Kaynakça

  • Barab, S. A., & Kirshner, D. (2001). Rethinking methodology in the learning sciences. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10(1/2), 5-15.
  • Bayindir, D., (2010). Reasons for student trips to botanic gardens: a case from Turkey (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bogazici University, Istanbul.
  • Bell, P., Lewenstein, B., Shouse , A, W., & Feder, M. A. (Eds.). (2009). Learning science in informal environments: People, places, pursuits. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Coombs, P. H., & Ahmed, M. (1974). Attacking rural poverty: How NFE can help. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
  • Crowleu, K. & Callanan, M. (1998). Describing and supporting collaborative scientific thinking in parent-child interactions. Journal of Museum Education, 23(1), 12- 23.
  • Dierking, L. D. (1991). Learning theories and learning style: An overview. Journal of Museum Education, 23, 12-17.
  • Erktin, E., & Soygeniş, S., (1998, December). Sekiz yıllık eğitimde, çok işlevli tek ve tek işlevli farklı eğitim mekanlarının birlikte kullanımı. İlköğretim Binalarının Tasarım Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Sempozyumu, Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Eshach, H. (2006). Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning: Formal, non-formal, and informal education. Journal of Science and Technology, 16(2), 171-190.
  • Falk, J., & Balling, J. D. (1982). The field trip milieu: Learning and behavior as a function of contextual events. Journal of Educational Research, 76, 22-28.
  • Falk J. H. (1983). Field trips: A look at environmental effects on learning. Journal of Biological Education, 17, 137-141.
  • Falk, J. H. & Dierking, L. D. (1992). The museum experience. Washington, DC: Whaleback Books.
  • Falk, J. H. & Dierking, L. D. (2000). Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira
  • Falk, J. & Storksdieck, M. (2005). Using the contextual model of learning to understand visitor learning from a science center exhibition. Science Education,89(5,) 745- 778
  • Gambrell, L. B. (1996). Creating cultures that foster motivation. The Reading Teacher, 50(1), 14-25
  • Gerber, B. L., Marek, E. A., & Cavallo A. M. L. (2001). Development of an informal learning opportunities assay. International Journal of Science Education, 23(6), 569-583.
  • Hidi, S. & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st Century. Review of Educational Research, 70, 151- 179.
  • Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in practice: Mind mathematics and culture in everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lucas K.B. (2000). One teacher’s agenda for a class to visit an interactive science center. Science Education, 84, 524-544.
  • Maclelan, E. (2005). Conceptual learning: The priority for higher education, British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(2), 129-147
  • Miles M. B. (1964). Innovation in Education. New York: Teachers College Press
  • Ogbu, J. (1995). The influence of culture on learning and behavior. In J. Falk & L. Dierking (Eds.), Public institutions for personal learning (pp. 37- 51).Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.
  • Peacock, A. & Bowker, R. (2004). Learning to teach ‘science’ out of school: Nonschool placements as part of a Primary PGCE Programme. Education + Training, 46(1), 24-32
  • Pedretti, E. (2002). T. Kuhn meets T. Rex: Critical conversations and new directions in science centers and science museums. Studies in Science Education, 37: 1-42.
  • Pumpian, I., Fisher, D, & Wachowiak, S. (2006). Challenging the classroom standard through museum based education. Matwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Putman, M. & Walker, C. (2010). Motivating children to read and write: Using informal learning environments as contexts for literacy instruction. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(2), 140–151.
  • Ramsey-Gassert, L., Walberg, H. J., III, & Walberg H. J. (1994). Re-examining connections: Museums as science learning environments. Science Education, 78, 345-363.
  • Rogers, A. (2005). Non-formal education: Practical schooling or participatory education. Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Simkins, T. (1977). Non -formal education and development: Some critical issues. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Vadeboncoeur, J. A. (2006) Engaging young people: Learning in informal contexts. Review of Research in Education, 30, 239-278
  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Wee, B. (2008). Moving towards sustainability? The face of environmental education in Singapore. Green Teacher, 83, 35-38.
  • Werquin, P. (2010). Recognising non-formal and informal learning: Outcomes, policies and practices. OECD Publications.
Yıl 2014, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 81 - 92, 16.02.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Barab, S. A., & Kirshner, D. (2001). Rethinking methodology in the learning sciences. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10(1/2), 5-15.
  • Bayindir, D., (2010). Reasons for student trips to botanic gardens: a case from Turkey (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bogazici University, Istanbul.
  • Bell, P., Lewenstein, B., Shouse , A, W., & Feder, M. A. (Eds.). (2009). Learning science in informal environments: People, places, pursuits. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
  • Coombs, P. H., & Ahmed, M. (1974). Attacking rural poverty: How NFE can help. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.
  • Crowleu, K. & Callanan, M. (1998). Describing and supporting collaborative scientific thinking in parent-child interactions. Journal of Museum Education, 23(1), 12- 23.
  • Dierking, L. D. (1991). Learning theories and learning style: An overview. Journal of Museum Education, 23, 12-17.
  • Erktin, E., & Soygeniş, S., (1998, December). Sekiz yıllık eğitimde, çok işlevli tek ve tek işlevli farklı eğitim mekanlarının birlikte kullanımı. İlköğretim Binalarının Tasarım Açısından Değerlendirilmesi Sempozyumu, Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Eshach, H. (2006). Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning: Formal, non-formal, and informal education. Journal of Science and Technology, 16(2), 171-190.
  • Falk, J., & Balling, J. D. (1982). The field trip milieu: Learning and behavior as a function of contextual events. Journal of Educational Research, 76, 22-28.
  • Falk J. H. (1983). Field trips: A look at environmental effects on learning. Journal of Biological Education, 17, 137-141.
  • Falk, J. H. & Dierking, L. D. (1992). The museum experience. Washington, DC: Whaleback Books.
  • Falk, J. H. & Dierking, L. D. (2000). Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira
  • Falk, J. & Storksdieck, M. (2005). Using the contextual model of learning to understand visitor learning from a science center exhibition. Science Education,89(5,) 745- 778
  • Gambrell, L. B. (1996). Creating cultures that foster motivation. The Reading Teacher, 50(1), 14-25
  • Gerber, B. L., Marek, E. A., & Cavallo A. M. L. (2001). Development of an informal learning opportunities assay. International Journal of Science Education, 23(6), 569-583.
  • Hidi, S. & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Motivating the academically unmotivated: A critical issue for the 21st Century. Review of Educational Research, 70, 151- 179.
  • Lave, J. (1988). Cognition in practice: Mind mathematics and culture in everyday life. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Lucas K.B. (2000). One teacher’s agenda for a class to visit an interactive science center. Science Education, 84, 524-544.
  • Maclelan, E. (2005). Conceptual learning: The priority for higher education, British Journal of Educational Studies, 53(2), 129-147
  • Miles M. B. (1964). Innovation in Education. New York: Teachers College Press
  • Ogbu, J. (1995). The influence of culture on learning and behavior. In J. Falk & L. Dierking (Eds.), Public institutions for personal learning (pp. 37- 51).Washington, DC: American Association of Museums.
  • Peacock, A. & Bowker, R. (2004). Learning to teach ‘science’ out of school: Nonschool placements as part of a Primary PGCE Programme. Education + Training, 46(1), 24-32
  • Pedretti, E. (2002). T. Kuhn meets T. Rex: Critical conversations and new directions in science centers and science museums. Studies in Science Education, 37: 1-42.
  • Pumpian, I., Fisher, D, & Wachowiak, S. (2006). Challenging the classroom standard through museum based education. Matwah, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Putman, M. & Walker, C. (2010). Motivating children to read and write: Using informal learning environments as contexts for literacy instruction. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(2), 140–151.
  • Ramsey-Gassert, L., Walberg, H. J., III, & Walberg H. J. (1994). Re-examining connections: Museums as science learning environments. Science Education, 78, 345-363.
  • Rogers, A. (2005). Non-formal education: Practical schooling or participatory education. Boston, MA: Springer.
  • Simkins, T. (1977). Non -formal education and development: Some critical issues. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Vadeboncoeur, J. A. (2006) Engaging young people: Learning in informal contexts. Review of Research in Education, 30, 239-278
  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
  • Wee, B. (2008). Moving towards sustainability? The face of environmental education in Singapore. Green Teacher, 83, 35-38.
  • Werquin, P. (2010). Recognising non-formal and informal learning: Outcomes, policies and practices. OECD Publications.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Özgün Çalışma
Yazarlar

Emine Erktin

Sema Soygeniş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 16 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Erktin, E., & Soygeniş, S. (2016). Learning by Experiencing the Space: Informal Learning Environments in Architecture Education. Bogazici University Journal of Education, 31(1), 81-92.