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An Educational Framework for the Implementation of Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 74 - 90, 31.01.2026

Öz

In recent history, both scientific research and science education have largely adopted a reductionist perspective. While the reductionist approach has led to a significant increase in our knowledge of the natural world and major technological advancements, it does not appear sufficient to address global challenges such as sustainability, pollution, climate change, and poverty. Reorienting chemistry education using a systems thinking (ST) perspective can better equip students with the knowledge, skills, and dispositions they need to contribute to these efforts. Furthermore, chemistry is a system science concerned with complex-dynamic systems, and systems thinking corresponds to a fundamental aspect of chemical practices. Therefore, a systems thinking approach is needed in chemistry education for meaningful learning of the subject. To support this necessary educational reform, this article shares an abridged version of a study conducted by Talanquer and Szozda (2024), remaining faithful to its content, and thus presents an educational framework believed to guide and facilitate chemistry educators' efforts in planning, implementing, and evaluating chemistry units, modules, or courses using an ST approach.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, M. R., & Renner, J. W. (1986). The Sequence of Learning Cycle Activities in High School Chemistry. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1986, 23 (2), 121-143.
  • American Chemical Society. (2024). Green Chemistry Learning Modules; https://www.acs.org/greenchemistry/students-educators/ learning-modules.html
  • Assaraf, O. B.-Z., & Orion, N. (2005). Development of System Thinking Skills in the Context of Earth System Education. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 42 (5), 518−560.
  • Atkins, P. (1999). Chemistry: The Great Ideas. Pure Appl. Chem., 71(6), 927−929. Aubrecht, K. B., Dori, Y. J., Holme, T. A., Lavi, R., Matlin, S. A.,
  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the Theory of Formative Assessment. Educ. Assess. Evaluation Account., 21 (1), 5-31.
  • Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & William, D. (2003). Assessment for Learning-Putting It into Practice; Open University Press.
  • Bozkurt, E. (2023). A Bibliometric Analysis of Systems Thinking Research in Science Education 1991-2022. Sci. Educ. Int., 34 (3), 225−234.
  • Chemical Thinking Curriculum. (2024). Chemical Thinking Interactives. https://sites.google.com/site/ctinteractives/
  • Chi, M. T. H., & Wylie, R. (2014). The Icap Framework: Linking Cognitive Engagement to Active Learning Outcomes. Educ. Psychol., 49 (4), 219-243.
  • Cooper, M. M., Posey, L. A., & Underwood, S. M. (2017). Core Ideas and Topics: Building up or Drilling Down? J. Chem. Educ., 94 (5), 541−548.
  • den Otter, M.J., Juurlink, L. B. F., & Janssen, F. J. J. M. (2022). How to Assess Students’ Structure-Property Reasoning? J. Chem. Educ., 99(10), 3396-3405.
  • Dewsbury, B., & Brame, C. J. (2019). Inclusive Teaching. CBE Life Sci. Educ., 18 (2), fe2.
  • Dood, A. J., & Watts, F. M. (2022). Mechanistic Reasoning in Organic Chemistry: A Scoping Review of How Students Describe and Explain Mechanisms in the Chemistry Education Research Literature. J. Chem. Educ., 99 (8), 2864-2876.
  • Eaton, A. C., Delaney, S., & Schultz, M. (2019). Situating Sustainable Development within Secondary Chemistry Education Via Systems Thinking: A Depth Study Approach. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2968-2974.
  • Eilks, I., & Hofstein, A. (2015). Relevant Chemistry Education: From Theory to Practice; SensePublisher.
  • Ewing, M., & Sadler, T. D. (2020). Commentary: Socio-Scientific Issues Instruction: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Increase Relevance and Systems Thinking. Science Teacher, 88 (2), 18−21.
  • Gilbert, J. K. (2006). On the Nature of “Context” in Chemical Education. Int. J. Sci. Educ., 28 (9), 957-976.
  • Gillespie, R. J. (1997). The Great Ideas of Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ., 74 (7), 862.
  • Hancock, T. S., Friedrichsen, P. J., Kinslow, A. T., & Sadler, T. D. (2019). Selecting Socio-Scientific Issues for Teaching. Sci. & Educ., 28(6), 639-667.
  • Holme, T., Luxford, C., & Murphy, K. (2015). Updating the General Chemistry Anchoring Concepts Content Map. J. Chem. Educ., 92(6), 1115−1116.
  • IUPAC. (2024a). Systems Thinking in Chemistry for Sustainability: 2030 and Beyond (STCS 2030+) project. Sustainability and Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education; SaSTICE, https://sastice.com/
  • IUPAC. (2024b). Systems Thinking in Chemistry for Sustainability: 2030 and Beyond (STCS 2030+) project. Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education; 2024; https://sites.google.com/view/sastice/home
  • King, D. (2012). New Perspectives on Context-Based Chemistry Education: Using a Dialectical Sociocultural Approach to View Teaching and Learning. Stud. Sci. Educ., 48 (1), 51−87.
  • Laverty, J. T., Underwood, S. M., Matz, R. L., Posey, L. A., Carmel, J. H., Caballero, M. D., Fata-Hartley, C. L., Ebert-May, D., Jardeleza, S. E., & Cooper, M. M. (2016). Characterizing College Science Assessments: The Three- Dimensional Learning Assessment Protocol. PLoS One, 11(9), No. e0162333.
  • Machost, H., & Stains, M. (2023). Reflective Practices in Education: A Primer for Practitioners. CBE Life Sci. Educ., 22(2), es2.
  • Mahaffy, P. G., Krief, A., Hopf, H., Mehta, G., & Matlin, S. A. (2018). Reorienting Chemistry Education through Systems Thinking. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2 (4), 0126.
  • Mahaffy, P. G., Matlin, S. A., Whalen, J. M., & Holme, T. A. (2019). Integrating the Molecular Basis of Sustainability into General Chemistry through Systems Thinking. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2730−2741.
  • Matlin, S. A., Mehta, G., Hopf, H., & Krief, A. (2016). One-World Chemistry and Systems Thinking. Nat. Chem., 8 (5), 393−398.
  • Momsen, J., Speth, E. B., Wyse, S., & Long, T. (2022). Using Systems and Systems Thinking to Unify Biology Education. CBE Life Sci. Educ., 21 (2), es3.
  • Moreira, P., & Talanquer, V. (2024). Exploring Relationships That College Instructors Seek to Build with Intention in Chemistry Classrooms. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 25 (1), 225-241.
  • National Research Council. (2012). A Framework for K-12 Science Education; The National Academies Press.
  • National Research Council. (2013). Next Generation Science Standards; The National Academies Press.
  • Orgill, M., & Skaza-Acosta, H. (2019). Graphical Tools for Conceptualizing Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education. J. Chem. Educ., 96(12), 2888−2900.
  • Orgill, M., York, S., & MacKellar, J. (2019). Introduction to Systems Thinking for the Chemistry Education Community. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2720−2729.
  • Pazicni, S., & Flynn, A. B. (2019). Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education: Theoretical Challenges and Opportunities. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2752−2763.
  • Richardson, K., Steffen, W., Lucht, W., Bendtsen, J., Cornell, S. E., Donges, J. F., Drüke, M., Fetzer, I., Bala, G., von Bloh, W., ve diğerleri (2023). Earth Beyond Six of Nine Planetary Boundaries. Sci. Adv., 9 (37), eadh2458.
  • Sjostrom, J., & Talanquer, V. (2014). Humanizing Chemistry Education: From Simple Contextualization to Multifaceted Problematization. J. Chem. Educ., 91 (8), 1125−1131.
  • Szozda, A. R., Lalani, Z., Behroozi, S., Mahaffy, P. G., & Flynn, A. B. (2024). Systems Thinking Encourages a Safe Space to Offer Different Perspectives and Insights. ChemRxiv, DOI:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-twmpk.
  • Talanquer, V. (2016). Central Ideas in Chemistry: An Alternative Perspective. J. Chem. Educ., 93(1), 3-8.
  • Talanquer, V. (2018). Progressions in Reasoning About Structure-Property Relationships. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 19 (4), 998-1009.
  • Talanquer, V., & Kelly, R. Thinking and Learning in Nested Systems: The Individual Level. J. Chem. Educ., 101 (2), 283-294.
  • Talanquer, V., & Pollard, J.(2010). Let’s Teach How We Think Instead of What We Know. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 11(2), 74-83.
  • Talanquer, V., & Szozda, A. R. (2024). An Educational Framework for Teaching Chemistry Using a Systems Thinking Approach. Journal of Chemical Education, 101, 1785-1792.
  • Talanquer, V., Bucat, R., Tasker, R., & Mahaffy, P. G. (2020). Lessons from a Pandemic: Educating for Complexity, Change, Uncertainty, Vulnerability, and Resilience. J. Chem. Educ., 97 (9), 2696−2700.
  • Talanquer, V., Cole, R., & Rushton, G. T. (2024). Thinking and Learning in Nested Systems: The Classroom Level. J. Chem. Educ., 101 (2), 295-306.
  • The Concord Consortium. (2024). Molecular Workbench; 2024; http:// mw.concord.org/modeler/
  • The King’s Centre for the Visualization of Science. (2024). KCVS Visualizations; https://www.kcvs.ca/cards.html?type=visualizations
  • The Lemelson Foundation. (2022). The Engineering for One Planet Framework: Essential Sustainability-Focused Learning Outcomes for Engineering Education; Portland, OR.
  • Tümay, H. (2023). Systems Thinking in Chemistry and Chemical Education: A Framework for Meaningful Conceptual Learning and Competence in Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ., 100 (10), 3925-3933.
  • United Nations. (2023). United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
  • University of Colorado Boulder. (2024). PhET Interactive Simulations; https://phet.colorado.edu/
  • Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Key Competencies in Sustainability: A Reference Framework for Academic Program Development. Sustainability Science, 6 (2), 203−218.
  • Windschitl, M., Thompson, J., & Braaten, M. (2018). Ambitious Science Teaching; Harvard University Press.
  • York, S., & Orgill, M. (2020). Chemist Table: A Tool for Designing or Modifying Instruction for a Systems Thinking Approach in Chemistry Education. J. Chem. Educ., 97 (8), 2114-2129.

Kimya Eğitiminde Sistem Düşüncesinin Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Eğitim Çerçevesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 74 - 90, 31.01.2026

Öz

Yakın tarihte, hem bilim araştırmaları hem de bilim eğitimi, büyük ölçüde, indirgemeci bir bakış açısına sahip olmuştur. İndirgemeci yaklaşım, doğal dünya hakkındaki bilgilerimizde önemli bir artışa ve büyük teknolojik ilerlemelere yol açmış olsa da, sürdürülebilirlik, kirlilik, iklim değişikliği ve yoksulluk gibi küresel dünya zorluklarını ele almak için yeterli görünmemektedir. Kimya eğitiminin bir sistem düşüncesi (SD) perspektifi kullanılarak yeniden yönlendirilmesi, öğrencileri bu çabalara katkıda bulunmaları için ihtiyaç duydukları bilgi, beceri ve eğilimlerle daha iyi donatmamıza yardımcı olabilir. Ayrıca kimya, karmaşık-dinamik sistemlerle ilgilenen bir sistem bilimidir ve sistem düşüncesi kimyasal uygulamaların temel bir yönüne karşılık gelmektedir. Bu nedenle, konunun anlamlı bir şekilde öğrenilmesi için kimya eğitiminde sistem düşüncesi yaklaşımına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu gerekli eğitim reformunu desteklemek amacıyla, bu makalede, Talanquer ve Szozda (2024) tarafından yapılmış bir çalışmanın içeriğine sadık kalınarak özetlenmiş bir versiyonu paylaşılmakta ve böylece, kimya eğitimcilerinin bir SD yaklaşımı kullanarak kimya ünitelerini, modüllerini veya derslerini planlama, uygulama ve değerlendirme çalışmalarına rehberlik edebileceği ve bu yöndeki çalışmaları kolaylaştırabileceği düşünülen bir eğitim çerçevesi sunulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abraham, M. R., & Renner, J. W. (1986). The Sequence of Learning Cycle Activities in High School Chemistry. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1986, 23 (2), 121-143.
  • American Chemical Society. (2024). Green Chemistry Learning Modules; https://www.acs.org/greenchemistry/students-educators/ learning-modules.html
  • Assaraf, O. B.-Z., & Orion, N. (2005). Development of System Thinking Skills in the Context of Earth System Education. J. Res. Sci. Teach., 42 (5), 518−560.
  • Atkins, P. (1999). Chemistry: The Great Ideas. Pure Appl. Chem., 71(6), 927−929. Aubrecht, K. B., Dori, Y. J., Holme, T. A., Lavi, R., Matlin, S. A.,
  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (2009). Developing the Theory of Formative Assessment. Educ. Assess. Evaluation Account., 21 (1), 5-31.
  • Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & William, D. (2003). Assessment for Learning-Putting It into Practice; Open University Press.
  • Bozkurt, E. (2023). A Bibliometric Analysis of Systems Thinking Research in Science Education 1991-2022. Sci. Educ. Int., 34 (3), 225−234.
  • Chemical Thinking Curriculum. (2024). Chemical Thinking Interactives. https://sites.google.com/site/ctinteractives/
  • Chi, M. T. H., & Wylie, R. (2014). The Icap Framework: Linking Cognitive Engagement to Active Learning Outcomes. Educ. Psychol., 49 (4), 219-243.
  • Cooper, M. M., Posey, L. A., & Underwood, S. M. (2017). Core Ideas and Topics: Building up or Drilling Down? J. Chem. Educ., 94 (5), 541−548.
  • den Otter, M.J., Juurlink, L. B. F., & Janssen, F. J. J. M. (2022). How to Assess Students’ Structure-Property Reasoning? J. Chem. Educ., 99(10), 3396-3405.
  • Dewsbury, B., & Brame, C. J. (2019). Inclusive Teaching. CBE Life Sci. Educ., 18 (2), fe2.
  • Dood, A. J., & Watts, F. M. (2022). Mechanistic Reasoning in Organic Chemistry: A Scoping Review of How Students Describe and Explain Mechanisms in the Chemistry Education Research Literature. J. Chem. Educ., 99 (8), 2864-2876.
  • Eaton, A. C., Delaney, S., & Schultz, M. (2019). Situating Sustainable Development within Secondary Chemistry Education Via Systems Thinking: A Depth Study Approach. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2968-2974.
  • Eilks, I., & Hofstein, A. (2015). Relevant Chemistry Education: From Theory to Practice; SensePublisher.
  • Ewing, M., & Sadler, T. D. (2020). Commentary: Socio-Scientific Issues Instruction: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Increase Relevance and Systems Thinking. Science Teacher, 88 (2), 18−21.
  • Gilbert, J. K. (2006). On the Nature of “Context” in Chemical Education. Int. J. Sci. Educ., 28 (9), 957-976.
  • Gillespie, R. J. (1997). The Great Ideas of Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ., 74 (7), 862.
  • Hancock, T. S., Friedrichsen, P. J., Kinslow, A. T., & Sadler, T. D. (2019). Selecting Socio-Scientific Issues for Teaching. Sci. & Educ., 28(6), 639-667.
  • Holme, T., Luxford, C., & Murphy, K. (2015). Updating the General Chemistry Anchoring Concepts Content Map. J. Chem. Educ., 92(6), 1115−1116.
  • IUPAC. (2024a). Systems Thinking in Chemistry for Sustainability: 2030 and Beyond (STCS 2030+) project. Sustainability and Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education; SaSTICE, https://sastice.com/
  • IUPAC. (2024b). Systems Thinking in Chemistry for Sustainability: 2030 and Beyond (STCS 2030+) project. Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education; 2024; https://sites.google.com/view/sastice/home
  • King, D. (2012). New Perspectives on Context-Based Chemistry Education: Using a Dialectical Sociocultural Approach to View Teaching and Learning. Stud. Sci. Educ., 48 (1), 51−87.
  • Laverty, J. T., Underwood, S. M., Matz, R. L., Posey, L. A., Carmel, J. H., Caballero, M. D., Fata-Hartley, C. L., Ebert-May, D., Jardeleza, S. E., & Cooper, M. M. (2016). Characterizing College Science Assessments: The Three- Dimensional Learning Assessment Protocol. PLoS One, 11(9), No. e0162333.
  • Machost, H., & Stains, M. (2023). Reflective Practices in Education: A Primer for Practitioners. CBE Life Sci. Educ., 22(2), es2.
  • Mahaffy, P. G., Krief, A., Hopf, H., Mehta, G., & Matlin, S. A. (2018). Reorienting Chemistry Education through Systems Thinking. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2 (4), 0126.
  • Mahaffy, P. G., Matlin, S. A., Whalen, J. M., & Holme, T. A. (2019). Integrating the Molecular Basis of Sustainability into General Chemistry through Systems Thinking. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2730−2741.
  • Matlin, S. A., Mehta, G., Hopf, H., & Krief, A. (2016). One-World Chemistry and Systems Thinking. Nat. Chem., 8 (5), 393−398.
  • Momsen, J., Speth, E. B., Wyse, S., & Long, T. (2022). Using Systems and Systems Thinking to Unify Biology Education. CBE Life Sci. Educ., 21 (2), es3.
  • Moreira, P., & Talanquer, V. (2024). Exploring Relationships That College Instructors Seek to Build with Intention in Chemistry Classrooms. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 25 (1), 225-241.
  • National Research Council. (2012). A Framework for K-12 Science Education; The National Academies Press.
  • National Research Council. (2013). Next Generation Science Standards; The National Academies Press.
  • Orgill, M., & Skaza-Acosta, H. (2019). Graphical Tools for Conceptualizing Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education. J. Chem. Educ., 96(12), 2888−2900.
  • Orgill, M., York, S., & MacKellar, J. (2019). Introduction to Systems Thinking for the Chemistry Education Community. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2720−2729.
  • Pazicni, S., & Flynn, A. B. (2019). Systems Thinking in Chemistry Education: Theoretical Challenges and Opportunities. J. Chem. Educ., 96 (12), 2752−2763.
  • Richardson, K., Steffen, W., Lucht, W., Bendtsen, J., Cornell, S. E., Donges, J. F., Drüke, M., Fetzer, I., Bala, G., von Bloh, W., ve diğerleri (2023). Earth Beyond Six of Nine Planetary Boundaries. Sci. Adv., 9 (37), eadh2458.
  • Sjostrom, J., & Talanquer, V. (2014). Humanizing Chemistry Education: From Simple Contextualization to Multifaceted Problematization. J. Chem. Educ., 91 (8), 1125−1131.
  • Szozda, A. R., Lalani, Z., Behroozi, S., Mahaffy, P. G., & Flynn, A. B. (2024). Systems Thinking Encourages a Safe Space to Offer Different Perspectives and Insights. ChemRxiv, DOI:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-twmpk.
  • Talanquer, V. (2016). Central Ideas in Chemistry: An Alternative Perspective. J. Chem. Educ., 93(1), 3-8.
  • Talanquer, V. (2018). Progressions in Reasoning About Structure-Property Relationships. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 19 (4), 998-1009.
  • Talanquer, V., & Kelly, R. Thinking and Learning in Nested Systems: The Individual Level. J. Chem. Educ., 101 (2), 283-294.
  • Talanquer, V., & Pollard, J.(2010). Let’s Teach How We Think Instead of What We Know. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 11(2), 74-83.
  • Talanquer, V., & Szozda, A. R. (2024). An Educational Framework for Teaching Chemistry Using a Systems Thinking Approach. Journal of Chemical Education, 101, 1785-1792.
  • Talanquer, V., Bucat, R., Tasker, R., & Mahaffy, P. G. (2020). Lessons from a Pandemic: Educating for Complexity, Change, Uncertainty, Vulnerability, and Resilience. J. Chem. Educ., 97 (9), 2696−2700.
  • Talanquer, V., Cole, R., & Rushton, G. T. (2024). Thinking and Learning in Nested Systems: The Classroom Level. J. Chem. Educ., 101 (2), 295-306.
  • The Concord Consortium. (2024). Molecular Workbench; 2024; http:// mw.concord.org/modeler/
  • The King’s Centre for the Visualization of Science. (2024). KCVS Visualizations; https://www.kcvs.ca/cards.html?type=visualizations
  • The Lemelson Foundation. (2022). The Engineering for One Planet Framework: Essential Sustainability-Focused Learning Outcomes for Engineering Education; Portland, OR.
  • Tümay, H. (2023). Systems Thinking in Chemistry and Chemical Education: A Framework for Meaningful Conceptual Learning and Competence in Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ., 100 (10), 3925-3933.
  • United Nations. (2023). United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. https://sdgs.un.org/goals
  • University of Colorado Boulder. (2024). PhET Interactive Simulations; https://phet.colorado.edu/
  • Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., & Redman, C. L. (2011). Key Competencies in Sustainability: A Reference Framework for Academic Program Development. Sustainability Science, 6 (2), 203−218.
  • Windschitl, M., Thompson, J., & Braaten, M. (2018). Ambitious Science Teaching; Harvard University Press.
  • York, S., & Orgill, M. (2020). Chemist Table: A Tool for Designing or Modifying Instruction for a Systems Thinking Approach in Chemistry Education. J. Chem. Educ., 97 (8), 2114-2129.
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kimya Eğitimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Tacettin Pınarbaşı 0000-0003-2153-248X

Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Mayıs 2025
Kabul Tarihi 10 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Pınarbaşı, T. (2026). Kimya Eğitiminde Sistem Düşüncesinin Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Eğitim Çerçevesi. Baskent University Journal of Education, 13(1), 74-90.

Başkent Univesity Journal of Education has been published in Dergipark (https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/bujoe) since volume 10 and issue 2, 2023.

The previous web site (https://buje.baskent.edu.tr) was closed on 21 Oct. 2024 . You can reach the past issues at the bottom part home page.