TÜRK İMALAT SANAYİSİNDE AR-GE’NİN ÜRÜN VE SÜREÇ İNOVASYONU ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Öz

AR-GE faaliyetleri, inovasyonun ortaya çıkışını ve teknolojinin büyüme hızını artırmak için vazgeçilmez bir itici güçtür. Mikro veriler kullanılarak Türkiye’deki AR-GE faaliyetlerinin sektörler üzerindeki etkisi üzerine yapılmış çalışmalar hala yetersizdir. Bu eksikliği doldurmak için bu çalışmada AR-GE değişkenleri alt kırılımları yapılarak Türk imalat sanayisinde AR-GE’nin ürün ve süreç inovasyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin analizinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma ayrıca Türkiye’deki AR-GE planlarını destekleyici politika önerileri sunmaktadır. Bu amaçları gerçekleştirmek için, panel veri tahmin yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. NACE Rev.2’ye göre sınıflandırılmış ve 2009-2016 yıllarını kapsayan bir panel veri seti TURKSTAT tarafından yapılan anketlerden derlenen dört farklı mikro veri seti birleştirilerek oluşturulmuştur. AR-GE harcamasının, AR-GE yoğunluğunun (AR-GE yatırımı göstergesi olarak), AR-GE personel oranı (know-how göstergesi olarak) ve inovasyonun diğer belirleyicilerinin etkilerini tahmin etmek için probit model kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, içsel, dışsal, dışsal-yurtiçi ve dışsal-yurtdışı olarak toplam AR-GE harcaması dört alt kırılıma ayrılmıştır. Araştırmanın temel bulguları, AR-GE harcamalarının ürün ve süreç inovasyonu üzerindeki etkilerinin alt kırılımlara göre değiştiğini göstermektedir. Toplam ve içsel AR-GE harcaması hem ürün hem de süreç inovasyonu üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahipken, dışsal ve dışsal-yurtiçi AR-GE harcaması sadece ürün inovasyonu üzerinde ve dışsal-yurtdışı AR-GE harcaması sadece süreç inovasyonu üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir. Sadece dışsal, dışsal-yurtiçi ve dışsal-yurtdışı AR-GE yoğunluğu ürün ve süreç inovasyonu üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ürün İnovasyonu
• Süreç İnovasyonu
• İmalat Sanayi
• AR-GE Harcamaları
• AR-GE Politikası

EFFECT OF R&D ON PRODUCT AND PROCESS INNOVATION IN THE TURKISH MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

Öz

R&D activities are an indispensable driving force to increase the likelihood of occurrence of innovation and the growth rate of technology. Studies on the impact of R&D activities on sectors in Türkiye using micro data are still insufficient. To fill this gap, this study aims to analyze the effects of R&D on product and process innovation in the Turkish manufacturing industry by making sub-breakdowns of R&D variables. The research also presents policy recommendations to support R&D plans in Türkiye. To accomplish these objectives, panel data estimation methods are used. A panel data set was generated by merging four different microdata sets provided by TURKSTAT, which is classified by NACE Rev.2 and covers the years between 2009 and 2016. Probit model is used to estimate the effects of R&D expenditure, R&D intensity (as an indicator of R&D investment), R&D personnel ratio (as an indicator of know-how), and other determinants of innovation. Moreover, total R&D expenditure is separated into four breakdowns such as internal, external, external-domestic, and external-foreign. Key findings of the research show that the effects of R&D expenditure on product and process innovations vary by its sub-breakdowns. Total and internal R&D expenditure have positive effect on both product and process innovations while external and external-domestic R&D expenditure have positive effect only on product innovation, and external-foreign R&D expenditure only on process innovation. Only external, external-domestic, and external-foreign R&D intensity have positive effect on both product and process innovation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• R&D Expenditures
• R&D Policy
• Product Innovation
• Process Innovation
• Manufacturing Industry

Kaynakça

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