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Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey

Yıl 2019, , 135 - 153, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835

Öz

In this study, behavior
and migration processes of rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in the
thermal and cold waters of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea
Region.The temperatures of the geothermal waters are between the range of 38
and 60 °C. The water types are Na-Ca-SO4 for Sarmaşık (Ordu) field, Na-Ca-HCO3 for
Ikizdere (Rize) field, Na-Ca-CO3-SO4, for Ayder (Rize) field and Na-HCO3-Cl for
Savsat (Artvin) field. All geothermal fields are in alkaline geothermal
character (pH: 7-9.3) and have very low REE + Y concentrations, slightly
significant Ce contens and significantly positive Eu anomalies (except for Ayder
geothermal field). REE+Y content, fractionation and positive Eu anomalies of the
investigated water are controlled by water/rock ratio, pH and minerals in the host
rocks. According to the thermodynamic calculations, it was determined that the
mobility of the REEs in geothermal fields were mainly controlled by Ln3+, LnOH2+,
LnCl2+, Ln(SO ) -, LnSO +, LnHCO 2+, Ln(CO ) - and LnCO + complexes.

Teşekkür

This study has been carried out within the framework of the TÜBİTAK project number 115Y142.

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş, İ., Akıllı, H., Ceyhan, S., Dilemre, A., Tekin, Z. 2005. Türkiye Jeotermal Kaynakları Envanteri, Maden Teknik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Envanter Serisi-201, Ankara.
  • Arslan, M., Aslan, Z. 2006. Mineralogy, Petrography and Whole-Rock Geochemistry of the Tertiary Granitic Intrusions in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27, pp.177-193.
  • Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E., Kolaylı, H., Yücel, C., Boztuğ, D., Şen, C. 2013. “40Ar-39Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of post-collisional Eocene volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension- induced origin”, Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 166, pp.113-142.
  • Bau, M., Dulski, P. 1999. Comparing yttrium and rare earths in hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: implications for Y and REE behaviour during near-vent mixing and for the Y/Ho ratio of proterozoic seawater. Chem Geol 155(1-2): pp.77-90.
  • Bragin I.V., Kharitonova N.A., Chelnokov, G.A., Aseeva, A.V., Chudaev, O.V. 2018. REY geochemistry in groundwater from Paratunka geothermal area (Kamchatka peninsula, Far East of Russia), Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 376p.
  • Büyük, M. 1978. Fatsa (Sarmaşık) Kaplıcası Hidrojeoloji Etüdü, Maden Tetkikve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 6082, Ankara (unpublished).
  • Craddock, P.R, Bach, W. 2010. Insights to magmatic- hydrothermal processes in the Manus back- arc basin as recorded by anhydrite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74(19): pp.5514–5536.
  • De Carlo, E.H., Wen, X.Y., Irving, M.1998. The influence of redox reactions on the uptake of dissolved Ce by suspended Fe and Mn oxide particles. Aquat. Geochem. 3, pp.357–389.
  • Embley, R.W., Baker, E.T., Butterfield, D.A., Chadwick, W.W., Lupton, J,E., Resing, J.A., de Ronde, C.E.J., Nakamura, K.I., Tunnicliffe, V., Dower, J.F., Merle, S.G. 2007. Exploring the submarine ring of fire: Mariana Arc—Western Pacific. Oceanography 20(4): pp.68–79
  • Erzenoğlu, Z., Tangaç, Ö.F. 1986. Ordu- Fatsa (Sarmaşık) Kaplıcası Ilıca-1 Sıcak Su Sondajı Kuyu Bitirme Raporu: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 7890, 11p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Evcimen, Ö., Karslı, O. 2012. İkizdere Plütonu’nun (KD Türkiye) U-Pb Jeokronolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Jeodinamik Önemi, 65.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 2-6 Nisan/April, 366p.
  • Fırat Ersoy, A. 2001. Ilıcaköy (İkizdere-Rize) Sıcak Su Kaynaklarının Hidrojeolojisi, (MSc Thesis), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gammons C.H., Wood, S.A., Pedrozo, F., Varekamp, J.C., Nelson, B.J., Shope, C.L., Baffico, G. 2005. Hydrochemistry and rare earth element behavior in a volcanically acidified watershed in Patagonia, Argentina. Chem Geol 222: pp.249-267
  • Gedik, A., Ercan, T., Korkmaz, S., Karataş, S. 1992. Rize- Fındıklı- Çamlıhemşin Arasında (Doğu Karadeniz) Yer Alan Magmatik Kayaçların Petrolojisi ve Doğu Pontidlerdeki Bölgesel Yayılımları, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, C. 35, pp.15- 38, Ankara.
  • Göb, S., Loges, A., Nolde, N., Bau, M., Jacob, D.E., Markl, G. 2013. Major and trace element compositions (including REE) of mineral, thermal, mine and surface waters in SW Germany and implications for water– rock interaction. Appl Geochem 33: pp.127-152.
  • Göksu, E. 1996. 1/500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası Samsun Paftası açıklaması, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü yayını, Ankara.
  • Gustafsson, J.P. 2012. Visual MINTEQ ver. 3.0. Dept of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Stochholm, Sweden (E-mail: gustafjp@kth.se).
  • Güven, İ. H. 1993. “Doğu Pontidler’in 1/250.000 Ölçekli Kompilasyonu”, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Gürsel, F. 1991. Ayder (Çamlıhemşin-Rize) ve Çevresinin Jeotermal Enerji Yönünden İncelenmesi, (MSc Thesis), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gündüz, M. 1999. Rize-İkizdere-Ilıcaköy Sıcaksu Sahası Hidrojeoloji İncelemesi, (MSc Thesis) Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Haas, J.R., Shock, E.L., Sassani, D.S.1995. Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems: estimates of standard partial molar thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59: pp.4329–4350.
  • Kara, İ. 1997. Türkiye Termal Ve Mineralli Sular Envanteri (Artvin) Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 10261, 19p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Kartal, T. 1972. Rize-Ayder Kaplıcası Hidrojeoloji Raporu: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 5689, 20p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Karslı, O., Aydın, F., Sadıklar, M.B. 2004. The Morphology and Chemistry of K-Feldspar Megacrysts from Ikizdere Pluton: Evidence for Acid and Basic Magma Interactions in Granitoid Rocks, NE- Turkey: Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry 64, pp.155-170.
  • Ketin, İ. 1966. Anadolu’nun tektonik birlikleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi no. 66, pp.20-34, Ankara.
  • Klinkhammer, G., German, C.R., Elderfield, H., Greaves, M.J., Mitra, A. 1994. Rare earth elements in hydrothermal fluids and plume particulates by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mar Chem 45 (3): pp.179–186
  • Moller, P. 2001. The behavior of REE and Y in water- rock interactions. Water-Rock Interaction. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium. Rotterdam: Balkema, Netherlands, vol 2, pp.989- 992.
  • Okay, A. İ., Tüysüz, O. 1999. “Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey”, In: Durand, B., Jolivet, L., Hovarth, F., Séranne, M. (eds), The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen Tethyan Sutures of Northern Turkey. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156, pp.475-515.
  • Özbeşikçi, A., Kırcı, M., Uysal, M. 1981. Ordu–Giresun– Gümüşhane-Samsun Yörelerindeki Manganez Zuhurlarına Ait Prospeksiyon Rapor no: 7162, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Özsayar, T., Pelin, S., Gedikoğlu, A. 1981. Doğu Pontidlerde Kretase, KTÜ., Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 2, pp.65-114.
  • Shakeri, A., Ghoreyshinia, S., Mehrabi, B., Delavari, M. 2015. Rare earth elements geochemistry in springs from Taftan geothermal area SE Iran. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 304: pp.49-61.
  • Sun, S.S., McDonough, W.F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts; implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Magmatism in the ocean basins. Saunders, A.D. and Norry, M.J. (Editors), Geological Society of London, London. 42: pp.313-345.
  • Terlemez, İ., Yılmaz, A. 1980. Ünye-Ordu-Koyulhisar- Reşadiye Arasında Kalan Yörenin Stratigrafisi, TJK Bülteni, 23/2, pp.179-192, Ankara.
  • Temizel, İ., 2002. İkizce (Ünye-Ordu) Yöresi Volkanik Kayaçlarının Petrografik, Jeokimyasal ve Petrolojik İncelenmesi, (MSc Thesis), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Ruffet, G. Peucat, J.J. 2012. Petrochemistry, Geochronology and Sr–Nd İsotopic Systematics Of The Tertiary Collisional And Post-Collisional Volcanic Rocks From The Ulubey (Ordu) Area, Eastern Pontide, Ne Turkey: Implications For Extension-Related Origin And Mantle Source Characteristics, Lithos, 128, pp.126-147.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Yücel, C., Abdioğlu, E., Ruffet, G. 2016. “Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene-aged volcanic rocks around the Bafra (Samsun, N Turkey) area: Constraints for the interaction of lithospheric mantle and crustal melts”, Lithos, 258-259, pp.92-114.
  • Uzel, Ö. F., Gündüz, M. 1998. Yıldız, S., Rize- İkizdere Kaplıcası sıcak su sondajı Ilıcaköy-1 ve Ilıcaköy-2 kuyu bitirme raporu: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 10213, 11p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Wood, S, A. 1990. The aqueous geochemistry of the rare- earth elements and yttrium. 1. Review of available low-temperature data for inorganic complexes and the inorganic REE speciation of natural waters. Chem Geol 82(C): pp.159-186.
  • Yücel, C. 2013. “Trabzon-Giresun arasındaki Tersiyer volkanitlerinin petrografisi, 40Ar-39Ar jeokronolojisi, petrokimyası, Sr-Nd-Pb izotop jeokimyası ve petrolojisi”, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, PhD Thesis, 406p.
  • Zhang, Y., Tan, H., Zhang, W., Wei, H., Dong, T. 2016 Geochemical constraint on origin and evolution of solutes in geothermal springs in western Yunnan, China. Chemie der Erde, 76, pp.63-75.
Yıl 2019, , 135 - 153, 27.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş, İ., Akıllı, H., Ceyhan, S., Dilemre, A., Tekin, Z. 2005. Türkiye Jeotermal Kaynakları Envanteri, Maden Teknik Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Envanter Serisi-201, Ankara.
  • Arslan, M., Aslan, Z. 2006. Mineralogy, Petrography and Whole-Rock Geochemistry of the Tertiary Granitic Intrusions in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 27, pp.177-193.
  • Arslan, M., Temizel, İ., Abdioğlu, E., Kolaylı, H., Yücel, C., Boztuğ, D., Şen, C. 2013. “40Ar-39Ar dating, whole-rock and Sr-Nd-Pb isotope geochemistry of post-collisional Eocene volcanic rocks in the southern part of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey): Implications for magma evolution in extension- induced origin”, Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 166, pp.113-142.
  • Bau, M., Dulski, P. 1999. Comparing yttrium and rare earths in hydrothermal fluids from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: implications for Y and REE behaviour during near-vent mixing and for the Y/Ho ratio of proterozoic seawater. Chem Geol 155(1-2): pp.77-90.
  • Bragin I.V., Kharitonova N.A., Chelnokov, G.A., Aseeva, A.V., Chudaev, O.V. 2018. REY geochemistry in groundwater from Paratunka geothermal area (Kamchatka peninsula, Far East of Russia), Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 376p.
  • Büyük, M. 1978. Fatsa (Sarmaşık) Kaplıcası Hidrojeoloji Etüdü, Maden Tetkikve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 6082, Ankara (unpublished).
  • Craddock, P.R, Bach, W. 2010. Insights to magmatic- hydrothermal processes in the Manus back- arc basin as recorded by anhydrite. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 74(19): pp.5514–5536.
  • De Carlo, E.H., Wen, X.Y., Irving, M.1998. The influence of redox reactions on the uptake of dissolved Ce by suspended Fe and Mn oxide particles. Aquat. Geochem. 3, pp.357–389.
  • Embley, R.W., Baker, E.T., Butterfield, D.A., Chadwick, W.W., Lupton, J,E., Resing, J.A., de Ronde, C.E.J., Nakamura, K.I., Tunnicliffe, V., Dower, J.F., Merle, S.G. 2007. Exploring the submarine ring of fire: Mariana Arc—Western Pacific. Oceanography 20(4): pp.68–79
  • Erzenoğlu, Z., Tangaç, Ö.F. 1986. Ordu- Fatsa (Sarmaşık) Kaplıcası Ilıca-1 Sıcak Su Sondajı Kuyu Bitirme Raporu: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 7890, 11p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Evcimen, Ö., Karslı, O. 2012. İkizdere Plütonu’nun (KD Türkiye) U-Pb Jeokronolojisi, Petrolojisi ve Jeodinamik Önemi, 65.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı 2-6 Nisan/April, 366p.
  • Fırat Ersoy, A. 2001. Ilıcaköy (İkizdere-Rize) Sıcak Su Kaynaklarının Hidrojeolojisi, (MSc Thesis), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gammons C.H., Wood, S.A., Pedrozo, F., Varekamp, J.C., Nelson, B.J., Shope, C.L., Baffico, G. 2005. Hydrochemistry and rare earth element behavior in a volcanically acidified watershed in Patagonia, Argentina. Chem Geol 222: pp.249-267
  • Gedik, A., Ercan, T., Korkmaz, S., Karataş, S. 1992. Rize- Fındıklı- Çamlıhemşin Arasında (Doğu Karadeniz) Yer Alan Magmatik Kayaçların Petrolojisi ve Doğu Pontidlerdeki Bölgesel Yayılımları, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, C. 35, pp.15- 38, Ankara.
  • Göb, S., Loges, A., Nolde, N., Bau, M., Jacob, D.E., Markl, G. 2013. Major and trace element compositions (including REE) of mineral, thermal, mine and surface waters in SW Germany and implications for water– rock interaction. Appl Geochem 33: pp.127-152.
  • Göksu, E. 1996. 1/500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritası Samsun Paftası açıklaması, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü yayını, Ankara.
  • Gustafsson, J.P. 2012. Visual MINTEQ ver. 3.0. Dept of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Stochholm, Sweden (E-mail: gustafjp@kth.se).
  • Güven, İ. H. 1993. “Doğu Pontidler’in 1/250.000 Ölçekli Kompilasyonu”, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara.
  • Gürsel, F. 1991. Ayder (Çamlıhemşin-Rize) ve Çevresinin Jeotermal Enerji Yönünden İncelenmesi, (MSc Thesis), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gündüz, M. 1999. Rize-İkizdere-Ilıcaköy Sıcaksu Sahası Hidrojeoloji İncelemesi, (MSc Thesis) Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Haas, J.R., Shock, E.L., Sassani, D.S.1995. Rare earth elements in hydrothermal systems: estimates of standard partial molar thermodynamic properties of aqueous complexes of the rare earth elements at high pressures and temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59: pp.4329–4350.
  • Kara, İ. 1997. Türkiye Termal Ve Mineralli Sular Envanteri (Artvin) Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 10261, 19p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Kartal, T. 1972. Rize-Ayder Kaplıcası Hidrojeoloji Raporu: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 5689, 20p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Karslı, O., Aydın, F., Sadıklar, M.B. 2004. The Morphology and Chemistry of K-Feldspar Megacrysts from Ikizdere Pluton: Evidence for Acid and Basic Magma Interactions in Granitoid Rocks, NE- Turkey: Chemie der Erde-Geochemistry 64, pp.155-170.
  • Ketin, İ. 1966. Anadolu’nun tektonik birlikleri. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi no. 66, pp.20-34, Ankara.
  • Klinkhammer, G., German, C.R., Elderfield, H., Greaves, M.J., Mitra, A. 1994. Rare earth elements in hydrothermal fluids and plume particulates by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mar Chem 45 (3): pp.179–186
  • Moller, P. 2001. The behavior of REE and Y in water- rock interactions. Water-Rock Interaction. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium. Rotterdam: Balkema, Netherlands, vol 2, pp.989- 992.
  • Okay, A. İ., Tüysüz, O. 1999. “Tethyan sutures of northern Turkey”, In: Durand, B., Jolivet, L., Hovarth, F., Séranne, M. (eds), The Mediterranean Basins: Tertiary Extension within the Alpine Orogen Tethyan Sutures of Northern Turkey. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 156, pp.475-515.
  • Özbeşikçi, A., Kırcı, M., Uysal, M. 1981. Ordu–Giresun– Gümüşhane-Samsun Yörelerindeki Manganez Zuhurlarına Ait Prospeksiyon Rapor no: 7162, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Özsayar, T., Pelin, S., Gedikoğlu, A. 1981. Doğu Pontidlerde Kretase, KTÜ., Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 2, pp.65-114.
  • Shakeri, A., Ghoreyshinia, S., Mehrabi, B., Delavari, M. 2015. Rare earth elements geochemistry in springs from Taftan geothermal area SE Iran. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 304: pp.49-61.
  • Sun, S.S., McDonough, W.F. 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts; implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Magmatism in the ocean basins. Saunders, A.D. and Norry, M.J. (Editors), Geological Society of London, London. 42: pp.313-345.
  • Terlemez, İ., Yılmaz, A. 1980. Ünye-Ordu-Koyulhisar- Reşadiye Arasında Kalan Yörenin Stratigrafisi, TJK Bülteni, 23/2, pp.179-192, Ankara.
  • Temizel, İ., 2002. İkizce (Ünye-Ordu) Yöresi Volkanik Kayaçlarının Petrografik, Jeokimyasal ve Petrolojik İncelenmesi, (MSc Thesis), Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Trabzon.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Ruffet, G. Peucat, J.J. 2012. Petrochemistry, Geochronology and Sr–Nd İsotopic Systematics Of The Tertiary Collisional And Post-Collisional Volcanic Rocks From The Ulubey (Ordu) Area, Eastern Pontide, Ne Turkey: Implications For Extension-Related Origin And Mantle Source Characteristics, Lithos, 128, pp.126-147.
  • Temizel, İ., Arslan, M., Yücel, C., Abdioğlu, E., Ruffet, G. 2016. “Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene-aged volcanic rocks around the Bafra (Samsun, N Turkey) area: Constraints for the interaction of lithospheric mantle and crustal melts”, Lithos, 258-259, pp.92-114.
  • Uzel, Ö. F., Gündüz, M. 1998. Yıldız, S., Rize- İkizdere Kaplıcası sıcak su sondajı Ilıcaköy-1 ve Ilıcaköy-2 kuyu bitirme raporu: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 10213, 11p. Ankara (unpublished).
  • Wood, S, A. 1990. The aqueous geochemistry of the rare- earth elements and yttrium. 1. Review of available low-temperature data for inorganic complexes and the inorganic REE speciation of natural waters. Chem Geol 82(C): pp.159-186.
  • Yücel, C. 2013. “Trabzon-Giresun arasındaki Tersiyer volkanitlerinin petrografisi, 40Ar-39Ar jeokronolojisi, petrokimyası, Sr-Nd-Pb izotop jeokimyası ve petrolojisi”, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, PhD Thesis, 406p.
  • Zhang, Y., Tan, H., Zhang, W., Wei, H., Dong, T. 2016 Geochemical constraint on origin and evolution of solutes in geothermal springs in western Yunnan, China. Chemie der Erde, 76, pp.63-75.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Esra Hatipoğlu Temizel Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7680-1152

Fatma Gültekin 0000-0002-6409-7054

Arzu Fırat Ersoy Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4181-1219

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Hatipoğlu Temizel, E., Gültekin, F., & Fırat Ersoy, A. (2019). Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 160(160), 135-153. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835
AMA Hatipoğlu Temizel E, Gültekin F, Fırat Ersoy A. Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Aralık 2019;160(160):135-153. doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835
Chicago Hatipoğlu Temizel, Esra, Fatma Gültekin, ve Arzu Fırat Ersoy. “Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of the Geothermal Fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 160, sy. 160 (Aralık 2019): 135-53. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835.
EndNote Hatipoğlu Temizel E, Gültekin F, Fırat Ersoy A (01 Aralık 2019) Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 160 160 135–153.
IEEE E. Hatipoğlu Temizel, F. Gültekin, ve A. Fırat Ersoy, “Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 160, sy. 160, ss. 135–153, 2019, doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835.
ISNAD Hatipoğlu Temizel, Esra vd. “Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of the Geothermal Fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 160/160 (Aralık 2019), 135-153. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835.
JAMA Hatipoğlu Temizel E, Gültekin F, Fırat Ersoy A. Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2019;160:135–153.
MLA Hatipoğlu Temizel, Esra vd. “Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium Geochemistry of the Geothermal Fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 160, sy. 160, 2019, ss. 135-53, doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.502835.
Vancouver Hatipoğlu Temizel E, Gültekin F, Fırat Ersoy A. Rare earth elements and yttrium geochemistry of the geothermal fields in the Eastern Black Sea Region (Ordu, Rize, Artvin), NE Turkey. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2019;160(160):135-53.

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