Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2015, , 109 - 120, 30.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.23087

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Aliyev, S., Sarı A., Koç, S., 2006. Investigation of Organic Carbon and Iron Group Elements in the Bituminous Rocks. Energy Sources, part A. 28,1461-1472pp.
  • Bender, M.L., Klinkhammer, G.P., Spencer, D.W., 1977. Manganese in seawater and marine manganese balance. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 799– 812pp.
  • Böttcher, M.E., Huckriede, H., 1997. First occurence and stable isotope composition of authigenic g-MnS in the central Gotland Deep (Baltic Sea). Mar. Geol. 137, 201–205pp.
  • Brongersma-Sanders, M., Stephan, K.M., Kwee, T.G., de Bruin, M., 1980. Distribution of minor elements in cores from the Southwest Africa shelf with notes on plankton and fish mortality. Mar.Geol. 37, 91–
  • pp.
  • Bruland, K.W., 1983. Trace elements in sea water. In: Riley, J.P., Chester, R. (Eds.), Chemical Oceanography. Academic Press, London, UK, 398p.
  • Brumsack, H.J., 1989. Geochemistry of recent TOC-rich sediments from the Gulf of California and the Black Sea. Geologische Rundschau, 78, 851-882pp.
  • Brumsack, H.J., 2006. The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: Implications for Cretaceous black shale formation, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology. 232, 344-361pp.
  • Brumsack, H.J., Gieskes, J.M., 1983. Interstitial water trace-metal chemistry of laminated sediments from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Mar. Chem. 14, 89– 106pp.
  • Blumenthal, M., 1948. Bolu civarı ile Aşağı Kızılırmak mecrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu silsilelerinin jeolojisi: Mine Research and Exploration Institute Publications, B-13, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Büyükutku, A,G., Sarı, A., Karaçam,A., 2005. The reservoir potential of the Eocene carbonates in the Bolu Basin, West of Turkey . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 49, 79-91pp.
  • Calvert, S., Price, N.B., 1983. Geochemistry of Namibian shelf sediments. In: Suess, E., Thiede, J. (Eds.), Coastal Upwelling. Plenum Press, 337– 369pp.
  • Calvert, J. G., Lazrus, A. L., Kok, G. L., Heikes, B. G., Walega, J. G., Lind, J. A., Cantrell, C. A., 1985. Chemical mechanisms of acid generation in the troposphere. Nature. 317, 27-35pp.
  • Calvert, S.E., Pedersen, T.F., 1993. Geochemistry of Recent oxic and anoxic marine sediments: implications for the geological record. Marine Geology. 113, 67– 88pp.
  • Canfield, D.E., Raiswell, R., Bottrell, S., 1992. The reactivity of sedimentary iron minerals toward sulfide. Am. J. Sci. 292, 659– 683pp.
  • Cruse, A.M., Lyons, T.W., 2004. Trace metal records of regional paleoenvironmental variability in Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) black shales. Chemical Geology. 206, 319–345pp.
  • Crusius, J., Thomson, J., 2003. Mobility of authigenic rhenium,silver, and selenium during postdepositional oxidation in marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 67, 265–273pp.
  • Hatch, J.R., Leventhal, J.S., 1992, Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U.S.A. Chemical Geology. 99, 65–82pp.
  • Helz, G.R., Miller, C.V., Charnock, J.M., Mosselmans, J.F.W., Pattrick, R.A.D., Garner, C.D., Vaughan, D.J., 1996. Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60, 3631–3642pp.
  • Huckriede, H., Meisschner, D., 1996. Origin and environment of manganese-rich sediments within black-shale basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60,1399-1413pp.
  • Jacobs, L., Emerson, S., Skei, J., 1985. Partitioning and transport of metals across the O2/H2S interface in a permanently anoxic basin: Framvaren Fjord, Norway. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 49, 1433–1444pp.
  • Kara,G. R., Korkmaz S., 2008. Element contents and organic matter-element relationship of The Tertiary oil shale deposits in Northwest Anatolia, Turkey”, Energu & Fuels, 22,3164-3173pp.
  • Lewis, B.L., Luther, G.W., 2000. Processes controlling the distribution and cycling of manganese in the oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea. Deep- Sea Res. Part II. 47, 1541– 1561pp.
  • Mao, J., Lehmann, B., Du, A., Zhang, G., Ma, D., Wang, Y., Zeng, M., and Kerrich, R., 2002, Re-Os dating of polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-Au mineralization in Lower Cambrian black shales of South China and its geological signifi cance: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists. 97, 1051–1061pp.
  • McKay, J.L., Pedersen, T.F., 2002. Accumulation of redox-sensitive trace metals in continental margin sediments and their paleoapplications. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl. Abstract OS32B-124.
  • Morse, J.W., Luther III, G.W., 1999. Chemical influences on trace metal-sulfide interactions in anoxic sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 63, 3373–3378pp.
  • Ndung’u, K., Thomas, M.A., Flegal, A.R., 2001. Silver in western equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. Part II. 48, 2933–2945pp.
  • Pratt, L.M., Davis, C.L., 1992. Intertwined fates of metals, sulfur, and organic carbon in black shales. In: Pratt, L.M., Comer, J.B., Brassell, S.C. (Eds.), Geochemistry of Organic Matter in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. SEPM Short Course Notes. 27,1– 27pp.
  • Saner, S. 1978a. Geology and the environments of deposition of Geyve-Osmaneli- Golpazarı-Taraklı area. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Istanbul University, B 43, 63–91pp.
  • Sarı, A., Sonel, N., 1995. Kayabaşı (Göynük-Bolu) Yöresinin Bitümlü Şeyl İncelemeleri. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni. 2, 39-49pp.
  • Sarı, A., Aliyev,S.A., 2005. Source Rock Evaluation of The Lacustrine Oil Shale Bearing Deposits, Göynük/ Bolu,Turkey. Energy Sources.27, 271-279pp.
  • Sarı, A., Aliyev, S.A., Koralay,B., 2007. Source Rock Evaluation of the Eocene Shales in the Gökçesu Area (Bolu/Turkey). Energy Sources, Part A.29,1025-1039pp.
  • Şeker, H., Kesgin,Y., 1991. Geology and petroleum possibilities of around Nallıhan Mudurnu-Senen- Beypazarı regions. TPAO report no: 2907.
  • Şener, M., Şengüler, I. 1998. Geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of oil shale bearing deposits in the Hatildag oil shale field, Göynük, Turkey. Fuel, 8, 871-880pp.
  • Şengüler, İ., 2012. Hatıldağ and Himmetoğlu (Göynük/ Bolu) Civarının Stratiğrafisi ve Bitümlü Şeyl Oluşumları. TPJD Bülteni, 24, 7-21pp.
  • Shaw, T.J., Gieskes, J.M., Jahnke, R.A., 1990. Early diagenesis in differing depositional environments: the response of transitions metals in pore water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 1233– 1246pp.
  • Yanılmaz, E., Taka, M., Şengüler, İ. and Sümer, A., 1980.
  • Göynük (Bolu) bitümlü şist sahası hakkında rapor. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 6993, Ankara, (unpublished).

ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU

Yıl 2015, , 109 - 120, 30.06.2015
https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.23087

Öz

In this study, element enrichments in bituminous rocks (bituminous shale, bituminous clays- tone and bituminous marl) of the Kabalar formation in the Hatıldağ field in Göynük town of the city of Bolu are investigated and their economic potential is discussed with regard to being a mineral deposit. Element analysis was conducted with ICP-ES (ICP emission spectrometry) and ICP-MS (ICP mass spectrometry) techniques. Organic carbon content in rocks was analyzed with Rock-Eval VI device. In pyrolysis analysis conducted on a total of 28 bituminous rocks that are collected from the Kayalık Dere measured stratigraphic section, Corg minimum and maximum are 0.40 %wt and 8.25 %wt, respectively (with average of 3,6  %wt). Major and trace elements analyzed were compared with those of Peru Continental Shelf Sediments, Namibia Continental Shelf Sediments, Gulf of California Sediments, Me- diterranean Sapropels, Black Sea Sapropels, Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) Demerara Rise Anoxic Sediments and C/T Gubbio Anoxic Sediments which are known to be deposited under anoxic conditions. In the studied samples, enrichment levels of major and trace element con- tents are determined with respect to average shale. Fe, Mg, Ca and K of the major elements and As, Ba, Co, Cu, Ni, Rb, Sr, V, Zn and Zr of trace elements were found to be more enriched with respect to basins compared. Higher concentrations of Ca, Mg and Ba elements in the studied samples indicate that depositional environment in Hatıldağ is more carbonaceous and suboxic.

Kaynakça

  • Aliyev, S., Sarı A., Koç, S., 2006. Investigation of Organic Carbon and Iron Group Elements in the Bituminous Rocks. Energy Sources, part A. 28,1461-1472pp.
  • Bender, M.L., Klinkhammer, G.P., Spencer, D.W., 1977. Manganese in seawater and marine manganese balance. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 799– 812pp.
  • Böttcher, M.E., Huckriede, H., 1997. First occurence and stable isotope composition of authigenic g-MnS in the central Gotland Deep (Baltic Sea). Mar. Geol. 137, 201–205pp.
  • Brongersma-Sanders, M., Stephan, K.M., Kwee, T.G., de Bruin, M., 1980. Distribution of minor elements in cores from the Southwest Africa shelf with notes on plankton and fish mortality. Mar.Geol. 37, 91–
  • pp.
  • Bruland, K.W., 1983. Trace elements in sea water. In: Riley, J.P., Chester, R. (Eds.), Chemical Oceanography. Academic Press, London, UK, 398p.
  • Brumsack, H.J., 1989. Geochemistry of recent TOC-rich sediments from the Gulf of California and the Black Sea. Geologische Rundschau, 78, 851-882pp.
  • Brumsack, H.J., 2006. The trace metal content of recent organic carbon-rich sediments: Implications for Cretaceous black shale formation, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology. 232, 344-361pp.
  • Brumsack, H.J., Gieskes, J.M., 1983. Interstitial water trace-metal chemistry of laminated sediments from the Gulf of California, Mexico. Mar. Chem. 14, 89– 106pp.
  • Blumenthal, M., 1948. Bolu civarı ile Aşağı Kızılırmak mecrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu silsilelerinin jeolojisi: Mine Research and Exploration Institute Publications, B-13, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Büyükutku, A,G., Sarı, A., Karaçam,A., 2005. The reservoir potential of the Eocene carbonates in the Bolu Basin, West of Turkey . Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 49, 79-91pp.
  • Calvert, S., Price, N.B., 1983. Geochemistry of Namibian shelf sediments. In: Suess, E., Thiede, J. (Eds.), Coastal Upwelling. Plenum Press, 337– 369pp.
  • Calvert, J. G., Lazrus, A. L., Kok, G. L., Heikes, B. G., Walega, J. G., Lind, J. A., Cantrell, C. A., 1985. Chemical mechanisms of acid generation in the troposphere. Nature. 317, 27-35pp.
  • Calvert, S.E., Pedersen, T.F., 1993. Geochemistry of Recent oxic and anoxic marine sediments: implications for the geological record. Marine Geology. 113, 67– 88pp.
  • Canfield, D.E., Raiswell, R., Bottrell, S., 1992. The reactivity of sedimentary iron minerals toward sulfide. Am. J. Sci. 292, 659– 683pp.
  • Cruse, A.M., Lyons, T.W., 2004. Trace metal records of regional paleoenvironmental variability in Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) black shales. Chemical Geology. 206, 319–345pp.
  • Crusius, J., Thomson, J., 2003. Mobility of authigenic rhenium,silver, and selenium during postdepositional oxidation in marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 67, 265–273pp.
  • Hatch, J.R., Leventhal, J.S., 1992, Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian (Missourian) Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone, Wabaunsee County, Kansas, U.S.A. Chemical Geology. 99, 65–82pp.
  • Helz, G.R., Miller, C.V., Charnock, J.M., Mosselmans, J.F.W., Pattrick, R.A.D., Garner, C.D., Vaughan, D.J., 1996. Mechanism of molybdenum removal from the sea and its concentration in black shales: EXAFS evidence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60, 3631–3642pp.
  • Huckriede, H., Meisschner, D., 1996. Origin and environment of manganese-rich sediments within black-shale basins. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 60,1399-1413pp.
  • Jacobs, L., Emerson, S., Skei, J., 1985. Partitioning and transport of metals across the O2/H2S interface in a permanently anoxic basin: Framvaren Fjord, Norway. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 49, 1433–1444pp.
  • Kara,G. R., Korkmaz S., 2008. Element contents and organic matter-element relationship of The Tertiary oil shale deposits in Northwest Anatolia, Turkey”, Energu & Fuels, 22,3164-3173pp.
  • Lewis, B.L., Luther, G.W., 2000. Processes controlling the distribution and cycling of manganese in the oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea. Deep- Sea Res. Part II. 47, 1541– 1561pp.
  • Mao, J., Lehmann, B., Du, A., Zhang, G., Ma, D., Wang, Y., Zeng, M., and Kerrich, R., 2002, Re-Os dating of polymetallic Ni-Mo-PGE-Au mineralization in Lower Cambrian black shales of South China and its geological signifi cance: Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists. 97, 1051–1061pp.
  • McKay, J.L., Pedersen, T.F., 2002. Accumulation of redox-sensitive trace metals in continental margin sediments and their paleoapplications. Eos Trans. AGU, 83(4), Ocean Sciences Meet. Suppl. Abstract OS32B-124.
  • Morse, J.W., Luther III, G.W., 1999. Chemical influences on trace metal-sulfide interactions in anoxic sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 63, 3373–3378pp.
  • Ndung’u, K., Thomas, M.A., Flegal, A.R., 2001. Silver in western equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. Part II. 48, 2933–2945pp.
  • Pratt, L.M., Davis, C.L., 1992. Intertwined fates of metals, sulfur, and organic carbon in black shales. In: Pratt, L.M., Comer, J.B., Brassell, S.C. (Eds.), Geochemistry of Organic Matter in Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. SEPM Short Course Notes. 27,1– 27pp.
  • Saner, S. 1978a. Geology and the environments of deposition of Geyve-Osmaneli- Golpazarı-Taraklı area. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Istanbul University, B 43, 63–91pp.
  • Sarı, A., Sonel, N., 1995. Kayabaşı (Göynük-Bolu) Yöresinin Bitümlü Şeyl İncelemeleri. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni. 2, 39-49pp.
  • Sarı, A., Aliyev,S.A., 2005. Source Rock Evaluation of The Lacustrine Oil Shale Bearing Deposits, Göynük/ Bolu,Turkey. Energy Sources.27, 271-279pp.
  • Sarı, A., Aliyev, S.A., Koralay,B., 2007. Source Rock Evaluation of the Eocene Shales in the Gökçesu Area (Bolu/Turkey). Energy Sources, Part A.29,1025-1039pp.
  • Şeker, H., Kesgin,Y., 1991. Geology and petroleum possibilities of around Nallıhan Mudurnu-Senen- Beypazarı regions. TPAO report no: 2907.
  • Şener, M., Şengüler, I. 1998. Geological, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of oil shale bearing deposits in the Hatildag oil shale field, Göynük, Turkey. Fuel, 8, 871-880pp.
  • Şengüler, İ., 2012. Hatıldağ and Himmetoğlu (Göynük/ Bolu) Civarının Stratiğrafisi ve Bitümlü Şeyl Oluşumları. TPJD Bülteni, 24, 7-21pp.
  • Shaw, T.J., Gieskes, J.M., Jahnke, R.A., 1990. Early diagenesis in differing depositional environments: the response of transitions metals in pore water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 1233– 1246pp.
  • Yanılmaz, E., Taka, M., Şengüler, İ. and Sümer, A., 1980.
  • Göynük (Bolu) bitümlü şist sahası hakkında rapor. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Rapor No: 6993, Ankara, (unpublished).
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Sarı

Murad Çilsal Bu kişi benim

Şükrü Koç

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015

Kaynak Göster

APA Sarı, A., Çilsal, M., & Koç, Ş. (2015). ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 150(150), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.23087
AMA Sarı A, Çilsal M, Koç Ş. ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Haziran 2015;150(150):109-120. doi:10.19111/bmre.23087
Chicago Sarı, Ali, Murad Çilsal, ve Şükrü Koç. “ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150, sy. 150 (Haziran 2015): 109-20. https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.23087.
EndNote Sarı A, Çilsal M, Koç Ş (01 Haziran 2015) ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150 150 109–120.
IEEE A. Sarı, M. Çilsal, ve Ş. Koç, “ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 150, sy. 150, ss. 109–120, 2015, doi: 10.19111/bmre.23087.
ISNAD Sarı, Ali vd. “ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 150/150 (Haziran 2015), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.23087.
JAMA Sarı A, Çilsal M, Koç Ş. ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2015;150:109–120.
MLA Sarı, Ali vd. “ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 150, sy. 150, 2015, ss. 109-20, doi:10.19111/bmre.23087.
Vancouver Sarı A, Çilsal M, Koç Ş. ELEMENT ENRICHMENTS IN BITUMINOUS ROCKS, HATILDAĞ FIELD, GÖYNÜK/BOLU. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2015;150(150):109-20.

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