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TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY)

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 153 Sayı: 153, 91 - 111, 26.10.2016
https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.04255

Öz

In this study, trace fossils of the Ceylan Formation (Late Eocene) in the area NW of Fındıklı village and on the coast of the Ece Bay the Gelibolu Peninsula are presented the first time. They occur in gray siltstones and mudstones intercalated with thin-bedded, parallel and ripple laminated sandstones, which were deposited on a basin plain in proximity of a slopes in the Thrace Basin. The late Eocene Ceylan Formation include pre-depositional Belorhaphe zickzack, Desmograpton isp., Helicolithus ramosus, Helminthorhaphe flexuosa, Paleodictyon majus,  Paleodictyon minimum,  Paleodictyon strozzii, Saerichnites isp., Urohelminthoida appendiculata, and post-depositional Phycosiphon incertum, Spongeliomorpha oraviense, Trichichnus isp., Planolites isp., Ophiomorpha isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, Scolicia isp., Scolicia prisca, and Thalassinoides isp., trace fossils. This trace fossil assemblage is typical of the Nereites ichnofacies (Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies), which characterize deep-sea, thin bedded turbididitic sediments oxygenated sea floor.

Kaynakça

  • Archer, A.W., Maples, C.G. 1984. Trace fossil distribution across a marine to nonmarine gradient in the Pennsylvanian of South Western Indiana. Journal of Paleontology 58, 448–466.
  • Batı, Z., Alişan, C., Ediger, V.Ş., Teymur, S., Akça, N., Sancay, H., Ertuğ, K., Kirici, S., Erenler, M., Aköz, Ö. 2002. Kuzey Trakya Havzası’nın Palinomorf, Foraminifer ve Nannoplankton Biyostratigrafisi. Trakya Litostratigrafi Birimleri Kitabı, Publication of the Mineral Research and Exploration 14.
  • Billings, E. 1866. Catalogues of the Silurian Fossils, 93, Geological Survey of Canada, Dawson Brothers, Montreal.
  • Bromley, R.G., Frey, R.W. 1974. Redescription of the trace fossil Gyrolites and taxonomic evaluation of Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha and Spongeliomorpha: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 23, 311-335.
  • Crimes, T. P., Anderson, M. M. 1985. Trace fossils from Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian strata of southeastern Newfoundland (Canada): temporal and environmental implications. Journal of Paleontology 59, 310–343.
  • Crimes, T.P., Crossley, J.D. 1991. A diverse ichnofauna from Silurian flysch of the Aberystwyth Grits formation, Wales. Geological Journal 26, 27–64.
  • D’Alessandro, A. 1980. Prime osservacioni sulla ichnofauna miocenica della “formazione di Gorgolione” (Castelmezzano, Potenza). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 86, 357–398.
  • Demircan, H. 2008. Trace fossil associations and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the late Eocene units (SW-Thrace). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) of Turkey 136, 29–47.
  • Demircan, H., Toker, V. 2003. Trace fossils in the western fan of the Cingöz Formation in the northern Adana Basin (southern Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 127, 15–32.
  • Demircan, H., Uchman, A. 2015. Ichnology of prodelta deposits of the Mezardere Formation (late Eocene – early Oligocene) in the Gökçeada island, western Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 28, 86–100.
  • Druit, C. E. 1961. Report on the petroleum prospect of Thrace, Turkey: Turkish Gulf Oil Co. TPAO, Archive no: 1427 (unpublished).
  • Ekdale, A. A. 1980. Trace fossils in Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 58 cores. Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drilling Project 58, 601-605.
  • Ekdale, A.A. 1992. Muckraking and mudslinging: the joys of deposit−feeding. In: C.G. Maples and R.R. West (eds) Trace fossils. Short Courses in Paleontology 5: 145–171. The Paleontological Society, Knoxville, Tennessee.
  • Erol, O. 1992. Çanakkale Yöresinin Jeomorfolojik ve Neotektonik Evrimi. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Bülteni 4/1, 147–165.
  • Fillión, D., Pickerill, R. K. 1990. Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 7, 1–119.
  • Föllmi, K. B., Grimm, K. A. 1990. Doomed pioneers: Gravity-flow deposition and bioturbation in marine oxygen-deficient environments. Geology 18, 1069–1072.
  • Freels, D. 1980. Limnische Ostracoden aus Jungtertiar und Quaterder Turkei. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe B, Heft 39, 172.
  • Frey, R. W., Curran, A.H., Pemberton, S.G. 1984. Trace making activities of crabs and their environmental significance: the ichnogenus Psilonichnus. Journal of the Paleontology 58, 511–528.
  • Fürsich, F. T. 1973. A revision of the trace fossils Spongeliomorpha, Ophiomorpha and Thalassinoides: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 1972, 719–735.
  • Gierlowski-Kordesch, E., Ernst, F. 1987. A flysch trace fossil assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous shelf of Tanzania: Mathies, G. and Schandelmeir, H., eds., Current Research in African Earth Sciences, 14th Colloquium on African Geology, Berlin, 18–22 August, 1987, p. 217–221.
  • Gökçen, S., L. 1967. Keşan Bölgesinde Eosen-Oligosen Sedimantasyonu, Güneybatı Türkiye Trakyası, Maden Teknik Arama Dergisi 69, 1–10.
  • Gökçen, S., L. 1971. Keşan Bölgesi Türbiditlerinde Sedimantasyon. Hacettepe Fen ve Mühendislik Bilgileri Dergisi 1, 1, 26–40.
  • Gökçen, S., L. 1972. Keşan Bölgesi Kumtaşlarının Yapısal, Dokusal Özellikleri ve Bölgenin Sedimanter Fasiyesleri. Hacettepe Fen ve Mühendislik Bilgileri Dergisi, 2, 1, 50–65.
  • Hantzpergue, P., Branger, P. 1992. L’ichnogenre Paleodictyon dans les depots neritiques de l’Oxfordien superieur NordAquitaine (France). Geobios 25, 195–205.
  • Häntzschel, W. 1964. Spurenfossilien und Problematica im Campan von Beckum (Westf.). Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 7, 295–308.
  • Häntzschel, W. 1975. Trace fossils and problematica. In: C. Teichert (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part W, Miscellanea, Supplement I, W1–269. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Colorado, Boulder.
  • Kennedy, W.J. 1967. Burrows and surface traces from the Lower Chalk of southern England: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 15, 127–167.
  • Kern, J.P., Warme, J. E. 1974. Trace fossils and bathymetry of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma formation, San Diego, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85, 893–900.
  • Kędzierski, M., Uchman, A., Sawłowicz, Z. and Briguglio, A. 2015. Fossilized bioelectric wire – the trace fossil Trichichnus.
  • Biogeosciences 12, 2301–2309. doi:10.5194/bg-12-2301-2015.
  • Kesgin, Y., Varol, B. 2003. Gökçeada ve Bozcaada' nın Tersiyer jeolojisi (Çanakkale), Türkiye. Maden Teknik Arama Dergisi 126, 49–67.
  • Kindelan, D.V. 1919. Nota sobre el Cretácico y el Eoceno de Güipozcoa, Espaňa: Inst. Boletín del Instituto Geológico de España, 20,165–198.
  • Książkiewicz, M. 1977. Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians. Paleontologica Polonica 36, 208.
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  • McCann, T., 1989. The ichnogenus Desmograpton from the Silurian of Wales- first record from the Paleozoic. Journal of Paleontology 58, 950–953.
  • McCann, T., 1993. A Nereites ichnofacies from the Ordovician - Silurian Welsh Basin. Ichnos 3, 39–56.
  • Miller, M.F. 1991. Morphology and distribution of Paleozoic Spirophyton and Zoophycos: implications for the Zoophycos ichnofacies. Palaios 6, 410–425.
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Yıl 2016, Cilt: 153 Sayı: 153, 91 - 111, 26.10.2016
https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.04255

Öz

In this study, trace fossils of the Ceylan Formation (Late Eocene) in the area NW of Fındıklı village and on the coast of the Ece Bay the Gelibolu Peninsula are identified for the first time. They occur in gray siltstones and mudstones intercalated with thin-bedded, parallel and ripple laminated sandstones, which were deposited on a basin plain in proximilt of a slopes in the Thrace Basin. The Late Eocene Ceylan Formation includes pre-depositionl (Belorhaphe zickzack, Desmograpton isp., Helicolithus ramosus, Helminthorhaphe flexuosa, Paleodictyon majus, Paleodictyon minimum, Paleodictyon strozzii, Saerichnites isp., Urohelminthoida appendiculata) and postdepositional (Phycosiphon incertum, Spongeliomorpha oraviense, Trichichnus isp., Planolites isp., Ophiomorpha isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, Scolicia isp., Scolicia prisca, and Thalassinoides isp.) trace fossils. This trace fossil assemblage is typical of the Nereites ichnofacies (Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies), which characterize deep-sea, thin bedded turbididitic sediments oxygenated sea floor.

Kaynakça

  • Archer, A.W., Maples, C.G. 1984. Trace fossil distribution across a marine to nonmarine gradient in the Pennsylvanian of South Western Indiana. Journal of Paleontology 58, 448–466.
  • Batı, Z., Alişan, C., Ediger, V.Ş., Teymur, S., Akça, N., Sancay, H., Ertuğ, K., Kirici, S., Erenler, M., Aköz, Ö. 2002. Kuzey Trakya Havzası’nın Palinomorf, Foraminifer ve Nannoplankton Biyostratigrafisi. Trakya Litostratigrafi Birimleri Kitabı, Publication of the Mineral Research and Exploration 14.
  • Billings, E. 1866. Catalogues of the Silurian Fossils, 93, Geological Survey of Canada, Dawson Brothers, Montreal.
  • Bromley, R.G., Frey, R.W. 1974. Redescription of the trace fossil Gyrolites and taxonomic evaluation of Thalassinoides, Ophiomorpha and Spongeliomorpha: Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 23, 311-335.
  • Crimes, T. P., Anderson, M. M. 1985. Trace fossils from Late Precambrian-Early Cambrian strata of southeastern Newfoundland (Canada): temporal and environmental implications. Journal of Paleontology 59, 310–343.
  • Crimes, T.P., Crossley, J.D. 1991. A diverse ichnofauna from Silurian flysch of the Aberystwyth Grits formation, Wales. Geological Journal 26, 27–64.
  • D’Alessandro, A. 1980. Prime osservacioni sulla ichnofauna miocenica della “formazione di Gorgolione” (Castelmezzano, Potenza). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 86, 357–398.
  • Demircan, H. 2008. Trace fossil associations and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the late Eocene units (SW-Thrace). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) of Turkey 136, 29–47.
  • Demircan, H., Toker, V. 2003. Trace fossils in the western fan of the Cingöz Formation in the northern Adana Basin (southern Turkey). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 127, 15–32.
  • Demircan, H., Uchman, A. 2015. Ichnology of prodelta deposits of the Mezardere Formation (late Eocene – early Oligocene) in the Gökçeada island, western Turkey. Geodinamica Acta 28, 86–100.
  • Druit, C. E. 1961. Report on the petroleum prospect of Thrace, Turkey: Turkish Gulf Oil Co. TPAO, Archive no: 1427 (unpublished).
  • Ekdale, A. A. 1980. Trace fossils in Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 58 cores. Initial Reports of Deep Sea Drilling Project 58, 601-605.
  • Ekdale, A.A. 1992. Muckraking and mudslinging: the joys of deposit−feeding. In: C.G. Maples and R.R. West (eds) Trace fossils. Short Courses in Paleontology 5: 145–171. The Paleontological Society, Knoxville, Tennessee.
  • Erol, O. 1992. Çanakkale Yöresinin Jeomorfolojik ve Neotektonik Evrimi. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Bülteni 4/1, 147–165.
  • Fillión, D., Pickerill, R. K. 1990. Ichnology of the Upper Cambrian? to Lower Ordovician Bell Island and Wabana groups of eastern Newfoundland, Canada. Palaeontographica Canadiana 7, 1–119.
  • Föllmi, K. B., Grimm, K. A. 1990. Doomed pioneers: Gravity-flow deposition and bioturbation in marine oxygen-deficient environments. Geology 18, 1069–1072.
  • Freels, D. 1980. Limnische Ostracoden aus Jungtertiar und Quaterder Turkei. Geologisches Jahrbuch, Reihe B, Heft 39, 172.
  • Frey, R. W., Curran, A.H., Pemberton, S.G. 1984. Trace making activities of crabs and their environmental significance: the ichnogenus Psilonichnus. Journal of the Paleontology 58, 511–528.
  • Fürsich, F. T. 1973. A revision of the trace fossils Spongeliomorpha, Ophiomorpha and Thalassinoides: Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Monatshefte, 1972, 719–735.
  • Gierlowski-Kordesch, E., Ernst, F. 1987. A flysch trace fossil assemblage from the Upper Cretaceous shelf of Tanzania: Mathies, G. and Schandelmeir, H., eds., Current Research in African Earth Sciences, 14th Colloquium on African Geology, Berlin, 18–22 August, 1987, p. 217–221.
  • Gökçen, S., L. 1967. Keşan Bölgesinde Eosen-Oligosen Sedimantasyonu, Güneybatı Türkiye Trakyası, Maden Teknik Arama Dergisi 69, 1–10.
  • Gökçen, S., L. 1971. Keşan Bölgesi Türbiditlerinde Sedimantasyon. Hacettepe Fen ve Mühendislik Bilgileri Dergisi 1, 1, 26–40.
  • Gökçen, S., L. 1972. Keşan Bölgesi Kumtaşlarının Yapısal, Dokusal Özellikleri ve Bölgenin Sedimanter Fasiyesleri. Hacettepe Fen ve Mühendislik Bilgileri Dergisi, 2, 1, 50–65.
  • Hantzpergue, P., Branger, P. 1992. L’ichnogenre Paleodictyon dans les depots neritiques de l’Oxfordien superieur NordAquitaine (France). Geobios 25, 195–205.
  • Häntzschel, W. 1964. Spurenfossilien und Problematica im Campan von Beckum (Westf.). Fortschritte in der Geologie von Rheinland und Westfalen 7, 295–308.
  • Häntzschel, W. 1975. Trace fossils and problematica. In: C. Teichert (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part W, Miscellanea, Supplement I, W1–269. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Colorado, Boulder.
  • Kennedy, W.J. 1967. Burrows and surface traces from the Lower Chalk of southern England: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 15, 127–167.
  • Kern, J.P., Warme, J. E. 1974. Trace fossils and bathymetry of the Upper Cretaceous Point Loma formation, San Diego, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 85, 893–900.
  • Kędzierski, M., Uchman, A., Sawłowicz, Z. and Briguglio, A. 2015. Fossilized bioelectric wire – the trace fossil Trichichnus.
  • Biogeosciences 12, 2301–2309. doi:10.5194/bg-12-2301-2015.
  • Kesgin, Y., Varol, B. 2003. Gökçeada ve Bozcaada' nın Tersiyer jeolojisi (Çanakkale), Türkiye. Maden Teknik Arama Dergisi 126, 49–67.
  • Kindelan, D.V. 1919. Nota sobre el Cretácico y el Eoceno de Güipozcoa, Espaňa: Inst. Boletín del Instituto Geológico de España, 20,165–198.
  • Książkiewicz, M. 1977. Trace fossils in the flysch of the Polish Carpathians. Paleontologica Polonica 36, 208.
  • Kulkov, N.P. 1991. The trace fossil Thalassinoides from the Upper Ordovician of Tuva: Lethaia, 24, 187–189.
  • McCann, T., 1989. The ichnogenus Desmograpton from the Silurian of Wales- first record from the Paleozoic. Journal of Paleontology 58, 950–953.
  • McCann, T., 1993. A Nereites ichnofacies from the Ordovician - Silurian Welsh Basin. Ichnos 3, 39–56.
  • Miller, M.F. 1991. Morphology and distribution of Paleozoic Spirophyton and Zoophycos: implications for the Zoophycos ichnofacies. Palaios 6, 410–425.
  • Nowak, W., 1970. Problematical organic traces of Belorhaphe and Sinusites in the Carpathian Lower Cretaceous and Paleogene flysch deposits. (In Polish, English summary). Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 14, 149–162.
  • Okay, İ. A., Siyako, M., Burkan, K. A. 1990. Biga Yarımadası' nın Jeolojisi ve Tektonik Evrimi. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Bülteni 2/1, 83–121.
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  • Palmer, T.J. 1978. Burrows at certain omission surfaces on the Middle Ordovician of the Upper Mississippi Valley. Journal of Paleontology 52, 109–117.
  • Pemberton, S. G., Frey, R. W. 1982. Trace fossil nomenclature and the Planolites–Palaeophycus dilemma. Journal of Paleontology 56, 843–881.
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  • Saner, S. 1985. Saros Körfezi Dolayının Çökelme İstifleri ve Tektonik Yerleşimi, Kuzeydoğu Ege Denizi, Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 28/l, 1–10.
  • Seilacher, A. 1977. Pattern analysis of Paleodictyon and related trace fossils: Crimes, T. P. &Harper, J. C. eds., Trace fossils 2. Geological Journal, Special Issue 9, 289–334.
  • Sheehan, P.M., Schiefelbein, J.D.R., 1984. The trace fossil Thalassinoides from the Upper Ordovician of the eastern Great Basin: deep Burrowing in the Early Paleozoic. Journal of Paleontology 58, 440–447.
  • Siyako, M., Burkan, K.A., Okay A.I. 1989. Biga ve Gelibolu Yarımadaları Tersiyer Jeolojisi ve Hidrokarbon olanakları. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Bülteni 1, 183–199.
  • Sönmez-Gökçen, N. 1964. Notice sur le novvel age determine par les Ostracodes de la şerre a Congeria du Neogene des environs de Çatalca (Thrace). Bulletin of Mineral Research Exploration, 63, 47–58.
  • Sönmez-Gökçen, N. 1973. Etüde Paleontolowgique (Ostracodes) et Stratigraphique de nive aux du Paleogene du subest dela Thrace, Publ. D'Etud. Bulletin of Mineral Research Exploration, 147, 12.
  • Stanistreet, I.O. 1989. Trace fossil association related to facies of an Upper Ordovician low wave energy shoreface and shelf, Oslo – Asker district, Norway. Lethaia 22, 345–357.
  • Sümengen, M., Terlemez, İ., Şentürk., Karaköse, C., Erkan, E., Ünay, E., Gürbüz, M., Atalay, Z. 1987. Gelibolu Yarımadası ve GB Trakya Tersiyer havzasının stratigrafisi, sedimantolojisi ve tektoniği. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Raporu Rapor No: 8218, (yayımlanmamış).
  • Sümengen, M., Terlemez, İ. 1991. Güneybatı Trakya Yöresi Eosen çökelleri Stratigrafisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 113, 17–30.
  • Şafak, Ü. 1999. Recent ostracoda assemblage of the Gökçeada–Bozcaada–Çanakkale Region, Yerbilimleri (Geosound) 35, 149–172.
  • Şentürk, K., Karaköse, C. 1987. Çanakkale Boğazı ve Dolayının Jeolojisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Raporu Rapor No: 9333. (yayımlanmamış).
  • Taner, G. 1977. Gelibolu Yarımadası Neojen Formasyonları ile Baküniyen Molluska Faunasının İncelemesi, Ankara University, Doçentlik tezi, 66p (yayımlanmamış).
  • Taner, G. 1981. Gelibolu Yarımadası 'nın Denizel Kuvaterner Molluskaları, Die meerequatare mollusken der Halbinsel-Gelibolu. Jeomorfoloji Dergisi 10, 71–116.
  • Taner, G. 1983. Hamzaköy Formasyonu' nun Çavda (Baküniyen) Bivalvleri, Gelibolu Yarımadası. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni 26, 59– 64.
  • Taner, G. 1994. Mollusk kavkılarında 8016/ 5018 izotopu araştırma metodu ile Çanakkale Boğazı'nın Romaniyen-Baküniyen çağma ait paleosıcaklık bulguları. 47. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bildiri Özleri Kitabı, 12, 13
  • Tchoumatchenco, P., Uchman, A. 2001. The oldest deep-sea Ophiomorpha and Scolicia and associated trace fossils from the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous deep-water turbidite deposits of SW Bulgaria. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 169(1- 2), 85–99.
  • Tekkaya, İ. 1973. Çanakkale güneydoğusundaki Bayraktepe omurgalı faunası hakkında ön bildiri (proceeding). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 81,191-194.
  • Temel, R. Ö., Çiftçi, N. B. 2002. Gelibolu Yarımadası, Gökçeada ve Bozcaada Tersiyer çökellerinin stratigrafisi ve ortamsal özellikleri. Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Bülteni 14, 17–40.
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  • Toker, V., Erkan, E. 1985. Gelibolu yarımadası Eosen formasyonları nannoplankton biyostratigrafisi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 101–102, 68–72.
  • Tunis, G., Uchman, A., 1996a. Trace fossils and facies changes in the Upper Cretaceous-Middle Eocene flysch deposits of the Julian Prealps, (Italy and Slovenia): consequences of regional and world-wide changes. Ichnos 4, 169–190.
  • Tunis, G., Uchman, A. 1996b. Ichnology of the Eocene flysch deposits in the Istria peninsula, Croatia and Slovenia. Ichnos 5, 1–22.
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  • Tunoğlu, C., Ünal, A., 2001b. Pannonian-Pontian ostracoda fauna of Gelibolu Neogene Basin (NW Turkey). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Dergisi 23, 167–187.
  • Uchman, A.1991. ’’Shallow Water’’ trace fossils in Palaeogene flysch of the southern part of the Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 61, 61–75.
  • Uchman, A. 1995. Taxonomy and palaeoecology of flysch trace fossils: The Marnoso-arenacea Formation and associated facies (Miocene, Northern Apennines, Italy). Beringeria 15, 1–115.
  • Uchman, A. 1998. Taxonomy and ethology of flysch trace fossils: A revision of the Marian Książkiewicz collection and studies of complementary material. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae 68, 105–218.
  • Uchman, A. 1999. Ichnology of the Rhenodanubian flysch (Lower Cretaceous-Eocene) in Austria and Germany. Beringeria 25, 65–171.
  • Uchman, A. 2009. The Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies of the Nereites ichnofacies: characteristics and constraints. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 276, 107–119.
  • Uchman, A., Drygant, D., Paszkowski, M., Porębski, S. J., Turnau, E. 2004. Early Devonian trace fossils in marine to non-marine redbeds in Podolia, Ukraine: palaeoenvironmental implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 214, 67–83.
  • Uchman, A., Wetzel, A. 2012. Deep-sea fans. In: Bromley, R.G. & Knaust, D. (Eds.), Trace Fossils as Indicators of Sedimentary Environments. Developments in Sedimentology 64, 643–671.
  • Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • Ünal, A. 1996. Gelibolu Yarımadası Neojen Ostrakod Biyostratigrafisi, Ms Tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü 160 pp. (yayımlanmamış).
  • Ünal, O. T. 1967. l. Bölge (Marmara) Trakya Jeoloji ve petrol imkânları. Türkiye Petrolleri Raporu Arşiv No; 391.
  • Vialov, O. S., B. T. Golev. 1965. O drobnom podrazdieleni gruppy Paleodictyonidae. Byulletin Moskovskovo Obshczhestva Ispityvania Prirody. Odtiel Gieologii 40, 93–114.
  • Wetzel, A., Bromley, R.G. 1994. Phycosiphon incertum revisited: Anconichnus horizontalis is junior subjective synonym. Journal of Paleontology 68, 1396–1402.
  • Wetzel, A., Uchman, A., 2001. Sequential colonization of muddy turbidites: examples from Eocene Beloveža Formation, Carpathians, Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 168, 171–186.
Toplam 82 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Huriye Demircan Bu kişi benim

Alfred Uchman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Ekim 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 153 Sayı: 153

Kaynak Göster

APA Demircan, H., & Uchman, A. (2016). TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 153(153), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.04255
AMA Demircan H, Uchman A. TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Ekim 2016;153(153):91-111. doi:10.19111/bmre.04255
Chicago Demircan, Huriye, ve Alfred Uchman. “TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 153, sy. 153 (Ekim 2016): 91-111. https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.04255.
EndNote Demircan H, Uchman A (01 Ekim 2016) TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 153 153 91–111.
IEEE H. Demircan ve A. Uchman, “TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY)”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 153, sy. 153, ss. 91–111, 2016, doi: 10.19111/bmre.04255.
ISNAD Demircan, Huriye - Uchman, Alfred. “TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 153/153 (Ekim 2016), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.19111/bmre.04255.
JAMA Demircan H, Uchman A. TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2016;153:91–111.
MLA Demircan, Huriye ve Alfred Uchman. “TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 153, sy. 153, 2016, ss. 91-111, doi:10.19111/bmre.04255.
Vancouver Demircan H, Uchman A. TRACE FOSSILS FROM DEEP SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE LATE EOCENE CEYLAN FORMATION, GELİBOLU PENINSULA (SW THRACE, TURKEY). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2016;153(153):91-111.

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