Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 147 Sayı: 147, 91 - 113, 01.12.2013

Orhan Kavak , Selami Toprak

Öz

This study was carried out in Hazro-Dadaş (Diyarbakır) region which owns the only coal basin in the area. Chemical, petrographic analysis and organic geochemical evaluations of the Permian aged coals were taken into consideration. Coal quality investigation along with proximate (moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash) and elemental analyses (C, H, O, S, N) were performed and revealed. The huminite reflectances of organically abundant matter and coal levels were found to be between 0.458 and 1.141 % . This parameter complies with fluorescence colors, calorific value (average orijinal 3165 – 3432 Kcal/kg) and average T max coalification ranks. This is thought to be resulted from thin overburden and its possible low lithostatic pressure. Rock Eval analysis results show that Type II/III and III kerogen, with average Thydrocarbon generation. The coals are characterized with their abundance of huminite maceral group and gelinite maceral, with small amount of liptinite and inertinite macerals. Mineral matters of the Hazro-Dadaş coals are clay, quartz and calcite minerals. HazroDadaş coals is thought to have deposited in limnic environment swamps

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hazro coals Organic Geochemistry Oil generation Organic Petrography Permian Coal

Kaynakça

  • Ağrali, B,, Akyol, E. 1967. Hazro kömürlerinin palinolojik incelenmesi ve Permo-Karbonifer’deki gölsel horizonlarin yaşi hakkinda düşünceler: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, c. 68, 1-26.
  • Altunsoy, M., Özçelik, O. 1993. Organik Fasiyesler, Jeoloji Müh. Dergisi, 43, 34-39.
  • Arfaouni, A., Montacer, M., Kamoun, F., Rigane, A. 2007. Comparative study between Rock-Eval pyrolysis and bio-markers parameters: a case study of Ypresian source rocks in central-northern Tunisia: Marine and Petroleum Geology, 24, 566-578.
  • ASTM. 1983. Annual book of ASTM standards. Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke (D-388-82, D-2798-79, D-3172-73, D-2799-72, D-3174-82, D-3175-82): 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, 05.05, 520p.
  • Bechtel, A., Saschsenhofer, R. F., Zdravkov, A., Kostova, I., Gratzer, R. 2005. Influence of floral assemblage, facies and diagenesis on petrography and organic geochemistry of the Eocene Bourgas coal and the Miocene Maritza East lignite (Bulgaria): Organic Geochemistry, 36, 1498–1522.
  • Boggs, S. Jr. 1987. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Merill Publishing Company: A Bell&Howell Company, 784p., Columbus Toronto London Melbourne.
  • Bozdoğan, N., Bayçelebi, O., Willink, R. 1987. Güneydoğu Anadolu Hazro bölgesinde (X. Bölge kuzeyi) Paleozoyik stratigrafisi ve petrol üretkenliği: Türkiye 7. Petrol Kongresi, Jeoloji Bildirileri, 117- 130.
  • Bozkaya, Ö, Yalçin, H., Kozlu, H. 2009. Hazro (Diyarbakir) Bölgesi Paleozoyik-Alt Mesozoyik Yaşli Sedimanter İstifin Mineralojisi, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 21, 1, 53-81.
  • Bray, E. E., Evans, E. D. 1961. Distribution of n-paraffins as a clue for recognition of source beds: Geochemical Cosmochimica Acta 22, 2-15.
  • Burwood, R., Leplat, P., Mycke, B., Paulet, J. 1992. Rifted margin source rock deposition: a carbon isotope and biomarker study of a West African Lower Cretaceous “Lacustrine” Section”: Organic Geochemistry 19, 41-52.
  • Connan, J. 1993. Molecular geochemistry in oil exploration Bordenave, M.L. (Ed.): Applied Petroleum Geochemistry, Editions Techniq, Paris, 175-204.
  • Connan, J., Bouroullec J., Dessort, Albrecht, P. 1986. The microbial input in carbonate-anhydrite facies of a sabkha paleo-environment from Guatemala: a molecular approach: Organic Geochemistry 10, 29-50.
  • Diessel, K. 1986. The correlation between coal facies and depositional environments. Advances in the th Study of the Sydney Basin: Proceedings of 20 Symposium, the University of Newcastle, 19-22.
  • Durand, B., Nicaise, G. 1980. Procedures for kerogen isolation Durand, B. (Ed.), Kerogen-insoluble organic matter from sedimentary rocks): Editions Techniq, Paris, 35-53.
  • Durand, B., Paratte, M. 1983. Oil potential of coals: a geochemical approach Brooks, J. (Ed.). Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration of Europe: Blackwell, Oxford, 255-265.
  • Erik. Y.N., Sancar, S., Toprak, S. 2008. Hafik Kömürlerinin (Sivas) organik jeokimyasal ve organik petrografik özellikleri, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 20, 2, 9-33.
  • Espitalié, J., La Porte, J.L., Madéc, M., Marquis, F., Le Plat, P., Paulet, J., Boutefeu, A. 1977. Méthode rapide de caractérisation des roches méres de leur potentiel pétrolier et de leur degré D.Évolution: Rev. L.Inst. Francais pétrole, 32 (1), 23-42,
  • Espitalié, J., Deroo, G., Marquis, F. 1985. La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications (deuxiéme partie). Revue Institut Francais du Pétrole, 40, 755-784.
  • Flores, D. 2002. Organic facies and depositional palaeo- environment of lignites from Rio Maior Basin (Portugal): International Journal of Coal Geology, 48, 181-195.
  • Fowler, M. G., Gentzis, T., Goodarzi, F., Foscolos, A. E. 1991. The petroleum potential of some Tertiary lignites from northern Greece as determined using pyrolysis and organic petrological techniques: Organic Geochemistry, 17, 805-826.
  • Georgakopoulos, A., A., Valceva, S. 2000. Petrographic characteristics of Neogene Lignites from the Ptolemais and Servia basins, Northern Greece: Energy Sources 22, 587-602.
  • Gümüşsuyu, M. 1988. Diyarbakir Hazro Maden Kömürünün Jeolojisi ve Madenciliği, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor No: 2745, 22
  • Günay, Y. 1998. Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun Jeolojisi, Stratigrafi: Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim ortaklığı Rapor No: 3939, 227.
  • Hanson, A. D., Zhang, C., Moldowan, J. M., Liang, D. G., Zhang, B. M. 2000. Molecular organic geochemistry of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 84, 1109-1128.
  • Hubard, B. 1950. Coal as a possible petroleum source rock: Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum Geologists 34 (12), 2347-2359.
  • Hunt, J.M. 1967. The Origin Of Petroleum in Carbonate Rocks, Chilingar, G.V., Bissel, H.J., Farbridges R.W. (Ed.), Carbonate Rocks, Elsevier, New York, 225-251.
  • Hunt, J. M. 1995. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 743.
  • International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). 1998. The new vitrinite classification. Fuel 77, 349-358.
  • International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). 2001. The new inertinite classification: Fuel 80, 459-471.
  • Iordanidis, A., Georgakopoulos, A. A. 2003. Pliocene lignites from Apofysis mine, Amynteo basin, Northwestern Greece: Petrographical characteristics and depositional environment: International Journal of Coal Geology, 54, 57-68.
  • İnan, S. 2007. Coalbed gas of biogenic origin in the Miocene Soma Basin (Western Turkey): 23rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, International Conference Centre, September 9-14, Turkey.
  • Jackson, K. S., Hawkins, P. J., Bennett, A. J. R. 1985. Regional facies and geochemical evolution of Southern Denison Though: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal, 20, 143-158.
  • Kalkreuth, W., Keuser, C., Fowler, M., Li, M., Mcintyre, D., Püttmann, W., Richardson, R. 1998. The petrology, organic geochemistry and palynology of Tertiary age Eureka Sound Group coals, Arctic Canada: Organic Geochemistry 29, 799-809.
  • Kavak, O. 2005. GAP Bölgesinin Kömür Potansiyeline Genel Bir Bakiş Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Maden Kaynaklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sempozyumu, Diyarbakir, Türkiye, Bildiriler Kitabi, 81–86, 21–23 Nisan.
  • Kavak, O., Toprak, S. 2011. Gölbaşi Harmanli (Adiyaman) Kömürlerinin Organik, Jeokimyasal ve Petrografik Özellikleri, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 35, 1, 43-78.
  • Kavak, O., S. Toprak, S. 2012. “Karliova Halifan (Bingöl) Kömürlerinin Organik Jeokimyasal ve Petrografik Özellikleri”, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 144, 23-50,
  • Kolcon, I., Sachsenhofer, R. F. 1999. Petrography, palynology and depositional environments of the early Miocene Oberdof lignite seam, (Styrian Basin, Austria): International Journal of Coal Geology, 4, 275-308.
  • Korkmaz, S., Kara Gülbay, R. 2007. Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of the Jurassic coals in the Western Taurus of Southern Turkey: International Journal of Coal Geology, 70, 4, 292-304.
  • Kranendonk, O. 2004. Geo- and Biodynamic Evolution during Late Silurian/Early Devonian Time (Hazro Area, SETurkey), Schriften des forschungszentrums Lülich Reihe Umwelt/Environment band/volume 49, p. 41.
  • Kvenvolden, K. A., Simoneit, B. R. T. 1990. Hydrothermal derived petroleum examples from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and Escabana Trough, north- east Pacific Ocean: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 74, 223-237.
  • Langford, F. F., Blanc-Valleron, M. M. 1990. Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolizable hydro-carbons vs. total organic carbon:. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 74, 799-804.
  • Lebküchner, F. R. 1961. Kömür bakimindan ümitli olan Hazro/Diyarbakir Antiklinali Sahasinda Yapilan Detay Jeolojik Etütler ve Madencilik Çalişmalari Hakkinda Rapor, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Derleme Rapor No. (H.Ö.) : 2944, 48. (unpublished), Ankara.
  • Lebküchner, R.F. 1969. Occurrences of the asphaltic substances in Southeastern Turkey and their genesis. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey 72-74.
  • Lebküchner, F. R. 1976. Güneydoğu Anadolu’daki Hazro Antiklinalinin Paleozoyik Çekirdeği Hakkinda Ek Bilgiler, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Dergisi, 86, 1-14.
  • Moldowan, M., Seifert, W. K., E. J. 1985. Gallegos, Relationship between petroleum composition and depositional environment of petroleum source rocks: Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 69, 1255-1268.
  • MTA 2002. 1:500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritasi, Erzurum ve Hatay paftalari.
  • Mukhopadhyay, P. K., Wade, J. A., Kruge, M. A. 1995. Organic facies and maturation of Jurassic/ Cretaceous rocks, and possible oil-source rock correlation based on pyrolysis of asphaltenes: Scotian Basin, Canada, Org. Geoch., 22, 1, 85-104.
  • Perinçek, D., Duran, O., Bozdoğan, N., Çoruh, T. 1991. Stratigraphy and paleo-geographical evolution of the autochthonous sedimentary rocks in the SE Turkey. Ozan Sungurlu Symposium, Ankara, Proceedings, 274-305.
  • Peters, K. E. 1986. Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 70, 318-329
  • Peters K. E., Moldowan, J. M. 1993. The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments: Prenctile-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  • Peters, K. E., Walters, C.C., Moldowan, J.M. 2004. The Biomarker Guide Volume 2: Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History (second ed.): Cambridge, pp. 475-1155.
  • Stach, E., Mackowsky, M.Th., Teichmüller, M., Taylor, G. H., Chandra, D., Teichmüller, R. 1982. Stach’s textbook of coal petrology: Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 535p.
  • Stolle, E., Yalçin, M.N., Kavak, O. 2011. “The Permian Kas Formation of SE Turkey-palynological correlation with strata from Saudi Arabia and Oman”, Geological Journal, 46 (6), 561–573.
  • Teichmuller, M., Durand, B. 1983. Fluorescence microscopical rank studies on liptinites and vitrinites in peat and coals, and comparison with results of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis: International Journal of Coal Geology, 2, 197- 230.
  • Teichmüller, M., Littke, R., Taylor, G. H. 1998. The origin of organic matter in sedimentary rocks (In Taylor, G. H., Teicmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C. F. K., Littke, R., Robert, P., (Eds): Organic petrology, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 704.
  • Ten Haven, H. L., de Leeuw, J. W., Rullkotter, J., Sinninghe Damste, J. S. 1987. Restricted utility of the pristane/ phytane ratio as a paleo-environmental indicator: Nature 330, pp. 641- 643.
  • Tissot, B. P., Welte, D. H. 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 699p.
  • Toprak, S. 1996. Alpagut - Dodurga (Osmancik - Çorum) bölgesi çevresindeki kömürlerin oluşum ortamlari ve özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Ankara.
  • Toprak, S. 2009. Petrographic properties of major coal seams in Turkey and their formation, International Journal of Coal Geology, 78, 263-275
  • Waples, D. W., Machihara, T. 1991. Biomarkers for geologists-a practical guide to the application of steranes and triterpanes in petroleum geology: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 9, 91.
  • Wilkins, R. W. T., George, S. C. 2002. Coal as a source rock for oil: a review: International Journal of Coal Geology, 50, 317–361.
  • Yalçin, M. N., Schaefer, R. G., Mann, U. 2007. Methane generation from Miocene lacustrine coals and organic-rich sedimentary rocks containing different types of organic matter: Fuel, 86, 4, 504-511.
  • Yalçin, M.N., Kavak, O., Stolle, E. 2010. Gondwanan Permian coals of the Hazro area (Southeastern Turkey). 8th European Coal Congress (GEO DARMSTADT 2010), Darmstadt-Germany. Abstracts of Lectures and Posters, 619-620, 10-13 Oct.2010
  • Yilmaz, E., Duran, O. 1997. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Otokton ve Allokton Birimler Stratigrafi Adlama Sözlüğü (Leksikonu): Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 147 Sayı: 147, 91 - 113, 01.12.2013

Orhan Kavak , Selami Toprak

Öz


Kaynakça

  • Ağrali, B,, Akyol, E. 1967. Hazro kömürlerinin palinolojik incelenmesi ve Permo-Karbonifer’deki gölsel horizonlarin yaşi hakkinda düşünceler: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, c. 68, 1-26.
  • Altunsoy, M., Özçelik, O. 1993. Organik Fasiyesler, Jeoloji Müh. Dergisi, 43, 34-39.
  • Arfaouni, A., Montacer, M., Kamoun, F., Rigane, A. 2007. Comparative study between Rock-Eval pyrolysis and bio-markers parameters: a case study of Ypresian source rocks in central-northern Tunisia: Marine and Petroleum Geology, 24, 566-578.
  • ASTM. 1983. Annual book of ASTM standards. Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke (D-388-82, D-2798-79, D-3172-73, D-2799-72, D-3174-82, D-3175-82): 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, 05.05, 520p.
  • Bechtel, A., Saschsenhofer, R. F., Zdravkov, A., Kostova, I., Gratzer, R. 2005. Influence of floral assemblage, facies and diagenesis on petrography and organic geochemistry of the Eocene Bourgas coal and the Miocene Maritza East lignite (Bulgaria): Organic Geochemistry, 36, 1498–1522.
  • Boggs, S. Jr. 1987. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Merill Publishing Company: A Bell&Howell Company, 784p., Columbus Toronto London Melbourne.
  • Bozdoğan, N., Bayçelebi, O., Willink, R. 1987. Güneydoğu Anadolu Hazro bölgesinde (X. Bölge kuzeyi) Paleozoyik stratigrafisi ve petrol üretkenliği: Türkiye 7. Petrol Kongresi, Jeoloji Bildirileri, 117- 130.
  • Bozkaya, Ö, Yalçin, H., Kozlu, H. 2009. Hazro (Diyarbakir) Bölgesi Paleozoyik-Alt Mesozoyik Yaşli Sedimanter İstifin Mineralojisi, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 21, 1, 53-81.
  • Bray, E. E., Evans, E. D. 1961. Distribution of n-paraffins as a clue for recognition of source beds: Geochemical Cosmochimica Acta 22, 2-15.
  • Burwood, R., Leplat, P., Mycke, B., Paulet, J. 1992. Rifted margin source rock deposition: a carbon isotope and biomarker study of a West African Lower Cretaceous “Lacustrine” Section”: Organic Geochemistry 19, 41-52.
  • Connan, J. 1993. Molecular geochemistry in oil exploration Bordenave, M.L. (Ed.): Applied Petroleum Geochemistry, Editions Techniq, Paris, 175-204.
  • Connan, J., Bouroullec J., Dessort, Albrecht, P. 1986. The microbial input in carbonate-anhydrite facies of a sabkha paleo-environment from Guatemala: a molecular approach: Organic Geochemistry 10, 29-50.
  • Diessel, K. 1986. The correlation between coal facies and depositional environments. Advances in the th Study of the Sydney Basin: Proceedings of 20 Symposium, the University of Newcastle, 19-22.
  • Durand, B., Nicaise, G. 1980. Procedures for kerogen isolation Durand, B. (Ed.), Kerogen-insoluble organic matter from sedimentary rocks): Editions Techniq, Paris, 35-53.
  • Durand, B., Paratte, M. 1983. Oil potential of coals: a geochemical approach Brooks, J. (Ed.). Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration of Europe: Blackwell, Oxford, 255-265.
  • Erik. Y.N., Sancar, S., Toprak, S. 2008. Hafik Kömürlerinin (Sivas) organik jeokimyasal ve organik petrografik özellikleri, Türkiye Petrol Jeologları Derneği Bülteni, 20, 2, 9-33.
  • Espitalié, J., La Porte, J.L., Madéc, M., Marquis, F., Le Plat, P., Paulet, J., Boutefeu, A. 1977. Méthode rapide de caractérisation des roches méres de leur potentiel pétrolier et de leur degré D.Évolution: Rev. L.Inst. Francais pétrole, 32 (1), 23-42,
  • Espitalié, J., Deroo, G., Marquis, F. 1985. La pyrolyse Rock-Eval et ses applications (deuxiéme partie). Revue Institut Francais du Pétrole, 40, 755-784.
  • Flores, D. 2002. Organic facies and depositional palaeo- environment of lignites from Rio Maior Basin (Portugal): International Journal of Coal Geology, 48, 181-195.
  • Fowler, M. G., Gentzis, T., Goodarzi, F., Foscolos, A. E. 1991. The petroleum potential of some Tertiary lignites from northern Greece as determined using pyrolysis and organic petrological techniques: Organic Geochemistry, 17, 805-826.
  • Georgakopoulos, A., A., Valceva, S. 2000. Petrographic characteristics of Neogene Lignites from the Ptolemais and Servia basins, Northern Greece: Energy Sources 22, 587-602.
  • Gümüşsuyu, M. 1988. Diyarbakir Hazro Maden Kömürünün Jeolojisi ve Madenciliği, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Rapor No: 2745, 22
  • Günay, Y. 1998. Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun Jeolojisi, Stratigrafi: Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim ortaklığı Rapor No: 3939, 227.
  • Hanson, A. D., Zhang, C., Moldowan, J. M., Liang, D. G., Zhang, B. M. 2000. Molecular organic geochemistry of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China: Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists 84, 1109-1128.
  • Hubard, B. 1950. Coal as a possible petroleum source rock: Bulletin of American Association of Petroleum Geologists 34 (12), 2347-2359.
  • Hunt, J.M. 1967. The Origin Of Petroleum in Carbonate Rocks, Chilingar, G.V., Bissel, H.J., Farbridges R.W. (Ed.), Carbonate Rocks, Elsevier, New York, 225-251.
  • Hunt, J. M. 1995. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 743.
  • International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). 1998. The new vitrinite classification. Fuel 77, 349-358.
  • International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP). 2001. The new inertinite classification: Fuel 80, 459-471.
  • Iordanidis, A., Georgakopoulos, A. A. 2003. Pliocene lignites from Apofysis mine, Amynteo basin, Northwestern Greece: Petrographical characteristics and depositional environment: International Journal of Coal Geology, 54, 57-68.
  • İnan, S. 2007. Coalbed gas of biogenic origin in the Miocene Soma Basin (Western Turkey): 23rd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, International Conference Centre, September 9-14, Turkey.
  • Jackson, K. S., Hawkins, P. J., Bennett, A. J. R. 1985. Regional facies and geochemical evolution of Southern Denison Though: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal, 20, 143-158.
  • Kalkreuth, W., Keuser, C., Fowler, M., Li, M., Mcintyre, D., Püttmann, W., Richardson, R. 1998. The petrology, organic geochemistry and palynology of Tertiary age Eureka Sound Group coals, Arctic Canada: Organic Geochemistry 29, 799-809.
  • Kavak, O. 2005. GAP Bölgesinin Kömür Potansiyeline Genel Bir Bakiş Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Maden Kaynaklarının Değerlendirilmesi Sempozyumu, Diyarbakir, Türkiye, Bildiriler Kitabi, 81–86, 21–23 Nisan.
  • Kavak, O., Toprak, S. 2011. Gölbaşi Harmanli (Adiyaman) Kömürlerinin Organik, Jeokimyasal ve Petrografik Özellikleri, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 35, 1, 43-78.
  • Kavak, O., S. Toprak, S. 2012. “Karliova Halifan (Bingöl) Kömürlerinin Organik Jeokimyasal ve Petrografik Özellikleri”, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi, 144, 23-50,
  • Kolcon, I., Sachsenhofer, R. F. 1999. Petrography, palynology and depositional environments of the early Miocene Oberdof lignite seam, (Styrian Basin, Austria): International Journal of Coal Geology, 4, 275-308.
  • Korkmaz, S., Kara Gülbay, R. 2007. Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of the Jurassic coals in the Western Taurus of Southern Turkey: International Journal of Coal Geology, 70, 4, 292-304.
  • Kranendonk, O. 2004. Geo- and Biodynamic Evolution during Late Silurian/Early Devonian Time (Hazro Area, SETurkey), Schriften des forschungszentrums Lülich Reihe Umwelt/Environment band/volume 49, p. 41.
  • Kvenvolden, K. A., Simoneit, B. R. T. 1990. Hydrothermal derived petroleum examples from Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, and Escabana Trough, north- east Pacific Ocean: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 74, 223-237.
  • Langford, F. F., Blanc-Valleron, M. M. 1990. Interpreting Rock-Eval pyrolysis data using graphs of pyrolizable hydro-carbons vs. total organic carbon:. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 74, 799-804.
  • Lebküchner, F. R. 1961. Kömür bakimindan ümitli olan Hazro/Diyarbakir Antiklinali Sahasinda Yapilan Detay Jeolojik Etütler ve Madencilik Çalişmalari Hakkinda Rapor, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Derleme Rapor No. (H.Ö.) : 2944, 48. (unpublished), Ankara.
  • Lebküchner, R.F. 1969. Occurrences of the asphaltic substances in Southeastern Turkey and their genesis. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey 72-74.
  • Lebküchner, F. R. 1976. Güneydoğu Anadolu’daki Hazro Antiklinalinin Paleozoyik Çekirdeği Hakkinda Ek Bilgiler, Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü Dergisi, 86, 1-14.
  • Moldowan, M., Seifert, W. K., E. J. 1985. Gallegos, Relationship between petroleum composition and depositional environment of petroleum source rocks: Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 69, 1255-1268.
  • MTA 2002. 1:500.000 ölçekli Türkiye Jeoloji Haritasi, Erzurum ve Hatay paftalari.
  • Mukhopadhyay, P. K., Wade, J. A., Kruge, M. A. 1995. Organic facies and maturation of Jurassic/ Cretaceous rocks, and possible oil-source rock correlation based on pyrolysis of asphaltenes: Scotian Basin, Canada, Org. Geoch., 22, 1, 85-104.
  • Perinçek, D., Duran, O., Bozdoğan, N., Çoruh, T. 1991. Stratigraphy and paleo-geographical evolution of the autochthonous sedimentary rocks in the SE Turkey. Ozan Sungurlu Symposium, Ankara, Proceedings, 274-305.
  • Peters, K. E. 1986. Guidelines for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 70, 318-329
  • Peters K. E., Moldowan, J. M. 1993. The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments: Prenctile-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  • Peters, K. E., Walters, C.C., Moldowan, J.M. 2004. The Biomarker Guide Volume 2: Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History (second ed.): Cambridge, pp. 475-1155.
  • Stach, E., Mackowsky, M.Th., Teichmüller, M., Taylor, G. H., Chandra, D., Teichmüller, R. 1982. Stach’s textbook of coal petrology: Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 535p.
  • Stolle, E., Yalçin, M.N., Kavak, O. 2011. “The Permian Kas Formation of SE Turkey-palynological correlation with strata from Saudi Arabia and Oman”, Geological Journal, 46 (6), 561–573.
  • Teichmuller, M., Durand, B. 1983. Fluorescence microscopical rank studies on liptinites and vitrinites in peat and coals, and comparison with results of the Rock-Eval pyrolysis: International Journal of Coal Geology, 2, 197- 230.
  • Teichmüller, M., Littke, R., Taylor, G. H. 1998. The origin of organic matter in sedimentary rocks (In Taylor, G. H., Teicmüller, M., Davis, A., Diessel, C. F. K., Littke, R., Robert, P., (Eds): Organic petrology, Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, 704.
  • Ten Haven, H. L., de Leeuw, J. W., Rullkotter, J., Sinninghe Damste, J. S. 1987. Restricted utility of the pristane/ phytane ratio as a paleo-environmental indicator: Nature 330, pp. 641- 643.
  • Tissot, B. P., Welte, D. H. 1984. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 699p.
  • Toprak, S. 1996. Alpagut - Dodurga (Osmancik - Çorum) bölgesi çevresindeki kömürlerin oluşum ortamlari ve özelliklerinin belirlenmesi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Ankara.
  • Toprak, S. 2009. Petrographic properties of major coal seams in Turkey and their formation, International Journal of Coal Geology, 78, 263-275
  • Waples, D. W., Machihara, T. 1991. Biomarkers for geologists-a practical guide to the application of steranes and triterpanes in petroleum geology: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 9, 91.
  • Wilkins, R. W. T., George, S. C. 2002. Coal as a source rock for oil: a review: International Journal of Coal Geology, 50, 317–361.
  • Yalçin, M. N., Schaefer, R. G., Mann, U. 2007. Methane generation from Miocene lacustrine coals and organic-rich sedimentary rocks containing different types of organic matter: Fuel, 86, 4, 504-511.
  • Yalçin, M.N., Kavak, O., Stolle, E. 2010. Gondwanan Permian coals of the Hazro area (Southeastern Turkey). 8th European Coal Congress (GEO DARMSTADT 2010), Darmstadt-Germany. Abstracts of Lectures and Posters, 619-620, 10-13 Oct.2010
  • Yilmaz, E., Duran, O. 1997. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Otokton ve Allokton Birimler Stratigrafi Adlama Sözlüğü (Leksikonu): Türkiye Petrolleri Anonim
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Orhan Kavak

Selami Toprak Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 147 Sayı: 147

Kaynak Göster

APA Kavak, O., & Toprak, S. (2013). ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 147(147), 91-113.
AMA Kavak O, Toprak S. ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Aralık 2013;147(147):91-113.
Chicago Kavak, Orhan, ve Selami Toprak. “ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 147, sy. 147 (Aralık 2013): 91-113.
EndNote Kavak O, Toprak S (01 Aralık 2013) ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 147 147 91–113.
IEEE O. Kavak ve S. Toprak, “ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 147, sy. 147, ss. 91–113, 2013.
ISNAD Kavak, Orhan - Toprak, Selami. “ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 147/147 (Aralık 2013), 91-113.
JAMA Kavak O, Toprak S. ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2013;147:91–113.
MLA Kavak, Orhan ve Selami Toprak. “ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 147, sy. 147, 2013, ss. 91-113.
Vancouver Kavak O, Toprak S. ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL AND PETROGRAPHIC PROPERTIES OF HAZRO DADAŞ (DİYARBAKIR) COALS. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2013;147(147):91-113.

Copyright and Licence
The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration keeps the Law on Intellectual and Artistic Works No: 5846. The Bulletin of Mineral Research and Exploration publishes the articles under the terms of “Creatice Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0)” licence which allows to others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.

For further details;
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en