THE PALYNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CARBONIFEROUS COAL MEASURES IN THE AMASRA BASIN

Yıl 1960, Cilt: 55 Sayı: 55, 43 - 51, 01.08.1960

Yaşar Ergönül

Öz

In the field of modern coal geology and paleontology systematic studies of isolated fossil spores constitute a relatively new phase of paleobotanical research. In this paper the content of the Megaspores in the paleophytogenetic material has been investigated. All the coal samples of this study were collected from the coal borings executed by the M. T. A. Institute in the Amasra district dining the year 1959-1960. For the maceration of the Amasra coal samples Schultze's and Zetzsche's methods were applied. Our new Megaspore species described here are based on morphological study. These species are referred to spore genera as defined by Potonie and Kremp (1954) and Bhardwaj (1955). As a result of this palynological study one new genus and 14 new species have been discovered, described and stratigraphically evaluated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

THE PALYNOLOGICAL, INVESTIGATION OF CARBONIFEROUS, COAL MEASURES

AMASRA HAVZASINDA KÖMÜRLÜ KARBONİFER SEVİYELERİNİN PALİNOLOJİK TETKİKİ

Öz

Modern kömür jeolojisi ve paleontolojisinde tecrit edilen fosil bitki sporlar konusundaki sistematik çalışmalar paleobotanik incelemelerde nispeten yeni bir faz teşkil eder. Bu travayda da paleofitojen teşekkülün muhtevası olan Megasporlar etüd edilmiştir. Tetkik edilen kömür numuneleri M. T. A. Enstitüsünün Amasra Karbonifer Havzasında 1959-1960 yıllarında yapmakta olduğu kömür sondajlarında geçilen prodüktif seviyelerden toplanılmıştır. Kömürlerin maserasyon işleminde Schultze ve Zetzsche metodları tatbik edilmiştir. Tasvir edilen yeni Megaspor türleri için morfografik incelemeler esas tutulmuştur ve bulunan spesiesler Potonie ve Kr. (1954) ve Bhardwaj (1955) tarafından izah edilen spor cinslerine bağlanmıştır. Bu palinolojik çalışma neticesinde bir yeni pollcn genusu ile 14 yeni Megaspor ve pollen spesiesi bulunarak tasvir edilmiş ve stratigrafik olarak kıymetlendiril mistir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

AMASRA HAVZASI, KÖMÜRLÜ KARBONİFER, SEVİYELERİNİN PALİNOLOJİK

Kaynakça

• ARNOLD, C. A. (1950) : Megaspores from the Michigan Coal Basin. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich., Vol. V, No. 5, pp. 59-111.
• BENNIE, I. & KIDSTON, R. (1886) : On the occurrence of Spores in the Carboniferous formation of Scotland. Proc. Royal Phys. Soc. Edinb., Vol. IX.
• BONET, M. C. & DIJKSTRA, S. J. (1956) : Megasporas Carboniferas de la Camocha. Intituto de Investigaciones Geologicas Lucas Mallada, Madrid.
• BHARDWAJ, C. D. & KREMP, G. (1955) : Die Sporen führung der Velener Schichten des Ruhrkarbons. Geol. J6., Band 71, pp. 51-61, 1 Taf., 5 Tab., Hannover.
• BHARDWAJ, C. D. (1957) : The Spore flora of Velener Schichten (Lower Westphalian D) in the Ruhr coal measures. Paleontographica, Abt. B, Vol. 102, Liefg. 4-6, pp. 110-138, Stuttgart.
• (1957) : The Palynological investigations of the Saar Coals. Paleontographica, Abt. B, Vol. 101, Liefg. 5-6, pp. 73-125, Stuttgart.
• CHALONER, W. G. (1951) : On Spencerisporites, gen. nov., and S. karczewskii (Zerndt), the isolated spores of Spencerites insignis Scott. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., T. IV, Ser. 12, pp. 861-873, London.
• (1952) : On Lepidocarpon Waltoni, sp. n. from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., T. V, Ser. 12, pp. 572-582, PI. 1, London.
• (1953) : A new species of Lepidostrobus containing unusual Spores. Geol. Mag, pp. 90, 97-110, PI. 2.
• (1953) : On the Megaspores of four species of Lepidostrobus. Ann. of Bot. n. s., T. XVII, pp. 263-293, PI. 8.
• (1954) : Mississippian Megaspores from Michigan and adjacent States. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich. Vol. XII, No. 3, pp. 23-35.
• DIJKSTRA, S. J. & Van VIERSSEN TRIP, P. H. (1946) : Eine monographische Bearbeitung der Karbonischen Megasporeii etc. Med. Geol. Sticht., Ser. C-III-I, pp. 1-101, Maastricht.
• DIJKSTRA, S. J. (1949) : Megaspores and some other fossils from the Aachenian (Senonian) in South Limburg, Netherlands. Med. Geol. Sticht: New Ser., Vol. III, pp. 19-33, Maastrict.
• (1949) : La signification stratigraphique des Spores. Soc. Geol. de Belgiquc, T. LXXII, fascicule special.
• (1950) : Carboniferous Megaspores in Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of SE England Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, Ser. 12, Vol. III, pp. 865-877.
• (1951) : Wealden Megaspores and their stratigraphical value. Med. Geol. Sticht. New Ser., Vol. V, pp. 7-21, Maastricht.
• (1952 a) : Megaspores of the Turkish Carboniferous and their stratigraphical value. Int. Geol. Congr. Report XVIII th. Session, part. X, Proc. of Sect. J. pp. 11-17.
• (1952 b) : New Carboniferous Megaspores from Turkey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, Ser. 12, Vol. V, pp. 102-104
• (1952 c) : The stratigraphical value of Megaspores. 3. Congr. Strat. Geol. Curb., Heerlen, pp. 163-168.
• (1955) : The Megaspores of the Westphalian D and C. Med. Geol. Sticht. New Ser. 8, pp. 5-11.
• (1955 a ) : La correlation des veines de charbon par les Megaspores. Publ. Ass. Etud. Paleont., Brux., No. 21, Hors Ser., Vol. VIII, pp. 107-119.
• (1955 6 ) : Megaspores Carboniferas Espanolas y su empleo en la correlacion estratigrafica (with English summary). Etudios Geol., No. 27,- 28, Vol. XI, pp. 277-354, Madrid.
• (1956) : Some Brazilian Megaspores, Lower Permian in age, and their comparison with Lower Gondwana Spores from India. Med. Geol. Sticht., New Ser., Vol. IX, p. 6, Maastricht.
• - (1956) : Lower Carboniferous Megaspores. Med. Geol. Sticht., New Ser., Vol. 10, pp. 5-18.
• (1958) : On a Megaspore-bearing Lycopod strobilus. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 7, pp. 217-222.
• & PIERART, P. (1957) : Lower Carboniferous Megaspores from the Moscow Basin. Med. Geol. Sticht., New Ser., Vol. XI, pp. 5-19.
• ERGÖNÜL, Y. (1959) : The Carboniferous Megaspores from the Zonguldak and Amasra coal basin and their stratigraphical values. M. T. A. Bull. No. 53, Ankara.
• HÖEG, O. A., BOSE, M. N. & MANUM, S. (1955) : On double walls in fossil Megaspores. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk, Vol. IV, pp. 101-107.
• HORST, U. (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae des Namurs von Westoberschlesien und Mahrich-Ostrau. Palaeont., Vol. LXCII, pp. 138-236.
• IBRAHIM, A. C. (1933) : Sporenformen des Agirhorizontes des Ruhr-Reviers. Dissertation Th. Berlin, 1932, 46 S, 8 PI. Konrad Triltsch, Wurzburg.
• KALIBOVA, M. (1951) : Megaspores of the Radnice Coal Measure Zone of the Kladno-Rakovnik Coal Basin. Geol. Surv. Czechoslovakia, 18 (Pal.), 21-83, P1. 5-8, Prague.
• PREM SINGH in SURANGE, K. R., PREM SINGH & P. N. SRIVASTAVA (1953) : Megaspores from the West Bokaro Coalfield (Lower Gondwana) of Bihar. The Palaebotanist, Vol II, pp. 9-17.
• POTONIE, R. & KREMP, G. (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae des Ruhrkarbons. Abdruck aus Paleontographica. Teil I und II Sonder. Bd. 98 und 99, Abt. B., Hannover.
• & (1956) : Die Sporae dispersae des Ruhrkarbons. Teil III, Paleont., Abt. B, 100, Liefg. 4-6, 61-21, Stuttgart.
• PIERART, P. (1955) : Les Megaspores contenues dans quelques couches de houille du Westf. B et C aux charbonnages Limburg, Meuse. Publ. Ass. Etud. Brux., No. 21, Hors Ser., Vol. VIII, pp. 125-142.
• (1956) : Quelques Megaspores contenues dans les charbons stephaniens des Bassins de Blanzy et de Dccazevillc. Bull. Soc. Beige. Geol., t. LXIV, fasc. 3, pp. 587-599, 6 pl.
• PIERART, P. (1957) : Note preliminaire sur les Megaspores du Westphalien C superieur en Campine Beige. Baldont. Z., 31, 1/2, 46-52, Stuttgart.
• ROUSSEAU, A. (1938) : Etude de quelques types de Spores du Westphalien C. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., T. XIV, No. 33, pp. 1-6.
• SAHABI, Y. (1936) : Rccherches sur les spores des Houilles Fransaues. Diss. pp. 1-62, Lille.
• SOMMER, F. W. (1953) : Os Megasporos do carvao de Santa Catarina e seu aproveitamento na correlaçao das Camadas. - Div. Geol. Min., Notes Preliminares E Estudos, No. 73, pp. 1-3, Rio de Janeiro.
• STACH, E. U. & ZERNDT, J. (1931) : Die Sporen in den Flamm- Gasflamm- und Gaskohlen der Ruhrkarbons. Gluckauf, 67, pp. 1118-1124, Essen.
• SCHOPF, J. M. (1938) : Spores from the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Bed in Illinois. Rept. Investig. III . Geol. Surv., No. 50 : 1-55.
• TRIPATHI, B. A. (1952) : A Note on Megaspores from Lower Gondwana Coal of Umaria Coalfield, District Sabdol (Vindhya Pradesh). Current Science, Vol. 21, pp. 308-309.
• TREYEDI, B. S. (1953) : Megaspoies and other plant remains from Lower Gondwana of Singrauli Coalfield, District Mirzapur, U. P. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc., Vol. XXXII, pp. 70-85, Bangalore.
• TRINDADE, N. M. (1954) : Megaspcros do carvao Gondwanico do Rio Grando do Sul. e sua aplicao em correlates estratigraficas. Div. Geol. Min., Notas Preliminares E Estudos, No. 78, pp. 1-6, Rio de Janeiro.
• WICHER, C. A. (1934) : Über Abortiverscheinungen bei fossilen Sporen und ihre phyloger.eti.sclie Bedeutung. Aib. lust. Pulicbot. Pctrcgr. Brennst. 5, 87-96, Prcuss. Geol. L.-A., Berlin.
• YAHŞIMAN, K. (1956) : About the stratigraphical age of the Azdavay coals. M. T. A. Bull. No. 48, p. 140 (in Turkish).
• (1959) : New Carboniferous Megaspores from the Zonguldak and Amasra Coal Basin. M. T. A. Bull. No. 53, Ankara.
• & ERGÖNÜL, Y. (1958) : The Sporological investigation and correlation of the coal seams in the Gallery E. K. I. Amasra (Tarlaağzı). M. T. A. Bull. No. 51, p. 42, Ankara (in Turkish).
• & (1959) : Permian Megaspores from Hazru (Diyarbakır). M. T. A. Bull. No. 53, Ankara.
• ZERNDT, J. (1930) : Petrograficzne badania weglia z Podlaclu «Izabella» W Trzebini. Przegladu Gorniczo-Putniczaga Dabrow Goru Humiezego, 1-4,5 Tafeln.
• (1932) : Megasporen aus den Zwickauer und Lugau-Ölsnitzer Karbon. Jahresber. Berg- und Hülttenwesen in Sachsen, 9-16,4 Tafeln, Freiberg.
• (1934) : Les Megaspores du Bassin Houiller Polonais. I. Bull, de l'Acad. Pol. des Sci. et des Lettres, Trav. Geol., 1-56, 32 PI., Krakau.
• (1937) : Les Megaspores du Bassin Houiller Polonais. II. Bull, de I'Acad. Pol. des Sci. et des Lettres, 1-78,241-278, Krakau.
• (1938) : Die Eignung von Megasporen als Leitfossilien. II. Carbon. Congr. Heerlen 1935, Compte Rendu 3,1711-1732, Maastricht.
• (1939) : Sprowozdanie z badan Megaspore. Przyczynki do Geologii Polski, 1-4.
• (1940) : Megasporen des Saarkarbons. Paleoniographica, 84, Abt. B, 133-150. Tafeln 9-13, Stuttgart.