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NEW MEGASPORES OBSERVED IN THE AMASRA PRODUCTIVE CARBONIFEROUS BASIN

Yıl 1961, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 57, 86 - 92, 01.10.1961

Öz

In recent years the palynological1 studies of caustobiolith strata have registered some important progress. These studies were applied to apparently unfossiliferous rocks, to the correlation of coal seams, as well as to the oil shales, and obtained very useful results. In this respect the palynological investigations have been carried out by the M.T.A. Institute in the Amasra Carboniferous Basin. The Carboniferous strata of this district consist of sandstones,2 conglomerates, siltstones, gray or dark-gray shales and ferrugineous siltstones. The coal seams are irregularly deposited in the Westphalian D - C and A measures, their vertical distances (between the two coal seams) as well as their thicknesses are very variable.

Kaynakça

  • ARNOLD, C. A. (1950) : Megaspores from the Michigan Coal Basin. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich., Vol. V, No. 5, pp. 59-111.
  • ARTÜZ, S. (1957) : Zonguldak bölgesi taşkömürünün dağınık sporları, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mecm., Ser. B, T. 22, Fasc. 4, s. 239-263, Tabl. 8.
  • (1959) : Amasra bölgesi Westfal. C seviyesinde bulunan yeni bir spor genusu, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mecm. Ser., B, T. XXIV, No. 1-2, s. 129-131.
  • BENNİE, J. & KİDSTON, R. (1886) : On the occurrence of Spores in the Carboniferous formation of Scotland. Proc. Royal Phys. Soc. Edinb., Vol IX.
  • BHARDWAJ, C. D. (1954) : Einige neue Sporengattungen des Saarkarbons. Neues Jb. Geol. PalâontoL, Mh. 11, pp. 512-525.
  • (1955a) : An approach to the problem of Taxonomy and dassification in the study of Sporae dispersae. The Palaeobotanist, Vol. 4, pp. 3-9.
  • (1955b) : The Spore genera from the Upper Carboniferous Coal of the Saar and their value in Stratigraphical Studies. The Palaeobotanist, Vol. 4, pp. 119-150.
  • & KREMP, G. (1955c) : Die Sporenführung der Velener Schichten des Ruhrkarbons. Geol. Jb., Band 71, pp. 51-61, l Taf., 5 Tab., Hannover.
  • BHARDWAJ, C. D. (1957a) : The Spore flora of Velener Schichten (Lovver Westphalian D) in the Ruhr coal measures. Paleontographica, Abt. B, Vol. 102, Liefg. 4-6, pp. 110-138, Stuttgart.
  • (19576) : The Palynological investigations of the Saar Coals,. Paleontographica, Abt. B, Vol. 101, Liefg. 5-6, pp. 73-125, Stuttgart.
  • BONET, M. C. & DİJKSTRA, Ş. J. (1956) : Megaspores Carboniferas de la Camocha. Intituto de investigaciones Geologicas Lucas Mollada, Madrid.
  • CHALONER, W. G. (1951) : On Spencerisporites, gen. nov., and S. karczevvskii (Zerndt), the isolated spores of Spencerites insignis Scott. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., T. IV, Ser. 12, pp. 861-873, London.
  • (1952) : On Lepidocarpon Waltoni, sp. n. from the Lovver Carboniferous of Scotland. Ann. Mag.- Nat. Hist., T. V, Ser. 12, pp. 572-582, Pl. l, London.
  • CHALONER, W. G. (1953a) : A new species of Lepidostrobus containing unusual Spores. Geol. Mag., pp. 90, 97-110, Pl. 2.
  • (1953b) : On the Megaspores of four species of Lepidostrobus. Ann. of. Bot. n. s., T. XVII, pp. 263-293, Pl. 8.
  • (1954a) : Mississippian Megaspores from Michigan and adjacent States. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich. Vol. XII. No. 3, pp. 23-35.
  • (1953c) : On the Megaspores of Sigillaria. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 12, Vol. 6, pp. 881-897, 9 fig., pl. XXII, London.
  • (19546) : Notes on the Spores of two British Carboniferous Lycopodes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., T. 7, pp. 81-91, 10 figs., London.
  • DARRAH, W. C. (1937) : Spores of Cambrian Plants. Science, 86, pp. 154-155.
  • DETTMANN, M. E. (1961) : Lovver Mesozoik Megaspores from Tasmanla and South Australia. Micropaleont., Vol. 7, No. l, pp. 71-86.
  • DİJKSTRA, S. J. & VIERSSEN TRIP, P. H. Van (1946) : Eine monographische Bearbeitung der Karbonischen Megasporen etc. Med. Geol. Sticht., Ser. C-III-I, pp. 1-101, Maastricht.
  • DİJKSTRA, S. J. (1949) : Megaspores and some other fossils from the Aachenian (Senonian) in South Limburg, Netherlands. Med. Geol. Sticht. Nevv Ser., Vol. III, pp. 19-33, Maastricht.
  • (1949a) : La signification stratigraphique des Spores. Soc. Geol. de Belgique, T. LXX1I, fascicule special.
  • (1950) : Carboniferous Megaspores in Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of SE England. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, Ser. 12, Vol. III, pp. 865-877.
  • (1951) : Wealden Megaspores and their Stratigraphical value. Med. Geol. Sticht. Nevv Ser., Vol. V, pp. 7-21, Maastricht.
  • (1952a) : Megaspores of the Turkish Carboniferous and their Stratigraphical value. Int. Geol. Congr. Report XVIIIth Session, part X, Proc. of Sect. J., pp. 11-17.
  • (19526) : Nevv Carboniferous Megaspores from Turkey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, Ser. 12, Vol. V. pp. 102-104.
  • (1952c) : The Stratigraphical value of Megaspores. 3. Congr. Sırat. Geol. Carb., Heerlen, pp. 163-168.
  • (1955) : The Megaspores of the Westphalian D and C. Med. Geol. Sticht. Nevv Ser. 8, pp. 5-11-
  • (1955a) : La Correlation des veines de charbon par les Megaspores. Publ. Ass. Etüd. Paleont., Brux., No. 21, Hors Ser., Vol. VIII, pp. 107-119.
  • (19556) Megaspores Carboniferas Espanolas y su empleo en la correlacion estratigrafica (vvith English Summary). Eludios Geol., No. 27, 28, Vol. XI, pp. 277-354, Madrid.
  • (1956a) : Some Brazilian Megaspores, Lovver Permian in age, and their comparison vvith Lovver Gondvvana Spores from India. Med. Geol. Sticht., Nevv. Ser., Vol. IX, p. 6. Maastricht.
  • (1956b) : Lovver Carboniferous Megaspores. Med. Geol. Sticht., Nevv Ser., Vol. 10, pp. 5-18. DİJKSTRA, S. J. ( 1958) : On a Megaspore-bearing Lycopod strobilus. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 7, pp. 217-222.
  • & PIERART, P. (1957) : Lovver Carboniferous Megaspores from the Moscow Basin. Med. Geol. Sticht., Nevv Ser., Vol. XI, pp. 5-19.
  • EGEMEN, R. (1959) : Zonguldak, havzası, Kozlu, İhsaniye tabakalarında bulunan bazı fosil bitkilerin tetkiki, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mecm., Seri B, T. XXIV, No. 1-21.
  • ERGÖNÜL, Y. (1959) : Zonguldak ve Amasra Karbonifer havzası megasporları ve onların stratigrafik kıymetleri. M.T.A. Derg., No. 53, Ankara.
  • (1961) : Amasra Üst Karboniferinde yeni pollen cinsleri ve türlerinin palinolojik tavsifleri. Türkiye, Jeol. Kur. Bült. vol. VII, No. 2, s. 136-144. (İngilizce).
  • ERDTMAN, G. (1952) : On Pollen and Spore Terminology. The Palaeobotanist, Vol. l, pp. 169-176.
  • FITTING, H. (1900) : Bau und Entvvicklungsgeschichte der Macrosporen von Isoetes und Selaginella und ihre Bedeutung für die Kenntnis des Wachstums pflanzlicher Zellmembranen. Bot. Z. 58, S. 107-164, Taf. 5, 6, Leipzig.
  • HÖEG, O. A., BOSE, M. N. & MANUM, S. (1955) : On double walls in fossil Megaspores. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk, Vol. IV, pp. 101-107.
  • HORST, U. (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae des Namurs von Westoberschlesien und Mâhrich-Ostrau. Palaeont., Vol. LXCII, pp. 138-236.
  • İBRAHiM, A. C. (1933) : Sporenformen des Agirhorizontes des Ruhr-Reviers. Dissertation Th. Berlin, 1932, S. 46, Pl. 8, Konrad Triltsch, Würzburg.
  • KALIBOVA, M. (1951) : Megaspores of the Radnice Coal Measure Zone of the Kladno-Rakovnik Coal Basin. Geo/. Surv. Czeckoslovakia, 18 (Pal.), 21-83, Pl. 5-8, Prague.
  • PREM SINGH in SURANGE, K. R., PREM SINGH & SRIVASTAVA, P. N. (1953) : Megaspores from the West Bokaro Coalfield (Lovver Gondvvana) of Bihar. The Palaebotanist, Vol. II, pp. 9-17.
  • POTONIE, R. & KREMP, G. (1954) : Die Gattungen der palâozoischen Sporae dispersae und ihre Stratigraphie. Geol. Jahrb. 69, pp. 111-194.
  • & (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae des Ruhrkarbons. Abdruck aus Paleontographica. Teil I und II Sonder. Bd. 98 und 99, Abt. B., Hannover.
  • & (1956) : Die Sporae dispersae des Ruhrkarbons. Teil III, Paleont., Abt. B, 100, Liefg. 4-6, 61-21, Stuttgart.
  • POTONIE, R. & KLAUS, W. (1954) : Einige Sporengattungen des Alpinen Salzgebirges. Geol. Jb. Bd. 68, S. 517-546, 11 Abb. und Taf. 10, Hannover.
  • POTONIE, R. (1952) : Zur Morphologie und morphologischen Nomenklatur der Sporites H. Potonie. Palâont. Z., Bd. 25, Heft 3-4, S. 143-154, Abb. 3, Taf. 9, Stuttgart.
  • (1954) : Stellung der Palâozoischen Sporengattungen im natürlichen System. Palâont. Z., Bd. 28, Heft 3-4, S. 103-139, Taf. 9-13, Stuttgart.
  • (1960) : Methoden zur Palâontologie und Stratigraphie der Sporae dispersae. Palâont. Z. 34 (1), S. 17-26.
  • PIERART, P. (1955) : Les Megaspores contenues dans quelques couches de houille du Westphalien B et C aux charbonnages Limburg, Meuse. Publ. Ass. Etud. Paleont., Brux., No. 21, Hors Ser., Vol. VIII, pp. 125-142.
  • (1956) : Quelques Megaspores contenues dans les charbons stephaniens des Bassins de Blanzy et de Decazeville. Bull. Soc. Belge. Geol, t. LXIV, fasc. 3, pp. 587-599, 6 pl.
  • (1957) : Note preliminaire sur les Megaspores du Westphalien C superieur en Campine Belge. Palâont. Z., 31 1/2, 46-52,'Stuttgart.
  • ROUSSEAU, A. (1935) : Etude de quelques types de spores du Westphalien inferieur. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., 9, 21, 6 p.
  • (1938) : Etude de quelques types de Spores du Westphalien C. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Y, T. XIV, No. 33, pp. 1-6.
  • ŞAHABI, Y. (1936) : Recherches sur les spores des Houille Françaises. Diss. pp. 1-62, Lille.
  • SEN, J. (1957) : Notes on the Megaspores from the Goldenberg Collection of the Saredish Museum of natural History. Rivista Italiana Paleont., 63, pp. 193-210, Taf. 7-10, Milano.
  • (1958) : Notes on the spores of four Carboniferous Lycopodes. Micropal., 4, pp. 159-162, T. 2, Nevv-York:
  • SOMMER; F. W. (1953) : Os Megaspores de carvao de Santa Catarina e seu aproveitamento na çorrelaçao das Camadas. Div. Geol. Min., Notas Preliminares E Estudos, No. 73, pp, 1-3, Rio de Janeiro.
  • STACH, E. U. & ZERNDT, J. (1931) : Die Sporen in den Flamm-Gasflamm- und Gaskohlen der Ruhrkarbons. Glückauf, 67, pp. 1118-1124. Essen.
  • SCHOPF, J. M. (1938) : Spores from the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Bed in lllinois. Rept. Investig. III, Geol. Surv., No. 50, pp. 1-55.
  • THOMSON, P. W. (1952) : Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sporomorphenflora im Unter und Mittel Devon. Palaeont. Z., 25, 3/4, 155-159, Stuttgart.
  • TRIPATHI, B. A. (1952) : A Note on Megaspores from Lower Gondwana Coal of Umaria Coalfield, District Sabdol (Vindhya Pradesh). Current Science, Vol. 21, pp. 308-309.
  • TREVEDI, B. A. (1953) : Megaspores and other plant remains from Lower Gondwana of Singrauli Coalfield, District Mirzapur. U. P. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc., Vol. XXXII, pp. 70-85, Bangalore.
  • TRINDADE, N. M. (1954) : Megaspores do carvao Gondvvanico do Rio Grando do Sul. e sua aplicao em correlaçoes estratigraficas. Div. Geol. Min. Notas Preliminares E Estudos, No. 78, pp. 1-6, Rio de Janeiro.
  • WICHER, C. A. (1934) : Über Abortiverscheinungen bei fossilen Sporen und ihre phylogenetische Bedeutung. Arb. Inst. Palaobot. Petrogr. Brennst. 5, 87-96, Preuss. Geol. L.-A., Berlin.
  • YAHŞIMAN, K. (1956) : Azdavay kömürlerinin stratigrafik yaşı hakkında. M.T.A. Derg., No. 48, s. 140, Ankara.
  • (1959) : Zonguldak ve Amasra kömür havzasında yeni Karbonifer megasporları- M.T.A. Derg.. No. 53, s. 102, Ankara.
  • & ERGÖNÜL, Y. (1958) : Amasra (Tarlaağzı) E.K.İ. galerisindeki kömür damarlarının sporolojik etüdü ve korelâsyonu. M.T.A. Derg. No. 51, s. 42, Ankara.
  • & (1959) : Hazrunun (Diyarbakır) Permien megasporları. M.T.A. Derg., No. 53, s. 94, Ankara.
  • YAHŞIMAN, K. (1961) : Amasra kömür havzasının Westfalien D-C seviyelerinde yeni palinolojik tetkikler. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. vol. VII, No. 2, s. 123-130 (İngilizce).
  • ZERNDT, J. (1930) : Petrograficzne badania vveglia z Podladu «Izabella» W Trzebini. Przegladu Gorniczo-Putniczaga Dabrow Goru Humiezego, 1-4, 5 Tafeln.
  • (1932) : Megasporen aus den Zvvickauer und Lugau-Ölsnitzer Karbon. Jahresber. Berg- und Hüttenwesen in Sachsen, 9-16, 4 Tafeln, Freiberg.
  • (1934) : Les Megaspores du Bassin Houiller Polonais. I. Bull. de I'Acad. Pol. des Sci. et des Lettres, Trav. Geol., 1-56, 32 Pl., Krakau.
  • (1937) : Les Megaspores du Bassin Houiller Polonais. II. Bull. de I'Acad. Pol. des Sci. et des Lettres, 1-78, 241-278, Krakau.
  • (1938) : Die Eignung von Megasporen als Leitfossilien. II. Carbon. Congr. Heerlen 1935, Compte Rendu 3, 1711-1732, Maastricht.
  • (1939) : Sprowozdanie z Badan Megaspore. Przyczynki do Geologii Polski, 1-4.
  • (1940) : Megasporen des Saarkarbons. Paleontographica, 84, Abt. B, 133-150. Tafeln 9-13, Stuttgart.

AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR

Yıl 1961, Cilt: 57 Sayı: 57, 86 - 92, 01.10.1961

Öz

Son zamanlarda kostobiolit tabakalarının palinolojik1 çalışmaları hakkında mühim ilerlemeler kaydedilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar zahiren fosilsiz görünen sahrelere, kömür damarlarının korelâsyonu mevzuuna, petrollü şistlere tatbik edilerek çok faydalı neticeler alınmıştır. Bu maksatla M.T.A. Enstitüsü tarafından Amasra Prodüktif Karbonifer Havzasında palinolojik tetkikler yapılmaktadır. Bölgenin Karbonifer tabakaları kumtaşı,2 konglomera, kiltaşı, gri veya koyu gri killi şist, demirli kiltaşı ihtiva eder. Kömür damarları Westfalien D-C ve A seviyelerinde dikey mesafeleri değişik (iki kömür damarı arası) olduğu gibi, kalınlıkları da çok farklı ve gayri muntazam olarak çökelmiştir. 

Kaynakça

  • ARNOLD, C. A. (1950) : Megaspores from the Michigan Coal Basin. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich., Vol. V, No. 5, pp. 59-111.
  • ARTÜZ, S. (1957) : Zonguldak bölgesi taşkömürünün dağınık sporları, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mecm., Ser. B, T. 22, Fasc. 4, s. 239-263, Tabl. 8.
  • (1959) : Amasra bölgesi Westfal. C seviyesinde bulunan yeni bir spor genusu, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mecm. Ser., B, T. XXIV, No. 1-2, s. 129-131.
  • BENNİE, J. & KİDSTON, R. (1886) : On the occurrence of Spores in the Carboniferous formation of Scotland. Proc. Royal Phys. Soc. Edinb., Vol IX.
  • BHARDWAJ, C. D. (1954) : Einige neue Sporengattungen des Saarkarbons. Neues Jb. Geol. PalâontoL, Mh. 11, pp. 512-525.
  • (1955a) : An approach to the problem of Taxonomy and dassification in the study of Sporae dispersae. The Palaeobotanist, Vol. 4, pp. 3-9.
  • (1955b) : The Spore genera from the Upper Carboniferous Coal of the Saar and their value in Stratigraphical Studies. The Palaeobotanist, Vol. 4, pp. 119-150.
  • & KREMP, G. (1955c) : Die Sporenführung der Velener Schichten des Ruhrkarbons. Geol. Jb., Band 71, pp. 51-61, l Taf., 5 Tab., Hannover.
  • BHARDWAJ, C. D. (1957a) : The Spore flora of Velener Schichten (Lovver Westphalian D) in the Ruhr coal measures. Paleontographica, Abt. B, Vol. 102, Liefg. 4-6, pp. 110-138, Stuttgart.
  • (19576) : The Palynological investigations of the Saar Coals,. Paleontographica, Abt. B, Vol. 101, Liefg. 5-6, pp. 73-125, Stuttgart.
  • BONET, M. C. & DİJKSTRA, Ş. J. (1956) : Megaspores Carboniferas de la Camocha. Intituto de investigaciones Geologicas Lucas Mollada, Madrid.
  • CHALONER, W. G. (1951) : On Spencerisporites, gen. nov., and S. karczevvskii (Zerndt), the isolated spores of Spencerites insignis Scott. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., T. IV, Ser. 12, pp. 861-873, London.
  • (1952) : On Lepidocarpon Waltoni, sp. n. from the Lovver Carboniferous of Scotland. Ann. Mag.- Nat. Hist., T. V, Ser. 12, pp. 572-582, Pl. l, London.
  • CHALONER, W. G. (1953a) : A new species of Lepidostrobus containing unusual Spores. Geol. Mag., pp. 90, 97-110, Pl. 2.
  • (1953b) : On the Megaspores of four species of Lepidostrobus. Ann. of. Bot. n. s., T. XVII, pp. 263-293, Pl. 8.
  • (1954a) : Mississippian Megaspores from Michigan and adjacent States. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich. Vol. XII. No. 3, pp. 23-35.
  • (1953c) : On the Megaspores of Sigillaria. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 12, Vol. 6, pp. 881-897, 9 fig., pl. XXII, London.
  • (19546) : Notes on the Spores of two British Carboniferous Lycopodes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., T. 7, pp. 81-91, 10 figs., London.
  • DARRAH, W. C. (1937) : Spores of Cambrian Plants. Science, 86, pp. 154-155.
  • DETTMANN, M. E. (1961) : Lovver Mesozoik Megaspores from Tasmanla and South Australia. Micropaleont., Vol. 7, No. l, pp. 71-86.
  • DİJKSTRA, S. J. & VIERSSEN TRIP, P. H. Van (1946) : Eine monographische Bearbeitung der Karbonischen Megasporen etc. Med. Geol. Sticht., Ser. C-III-I, pp. 1-101, Maastricht.
  • DİJKSTRA, S. J. (1949) : Megaspores and some other fossils from the Aachenian (Senonian) in South Limburg, Netherlands. Med. Geol. Sticht. Nevv Ser., Vol. III, pp. 19-33, Maastricht.
  • (1949a) : La signification stratigraphique des Spores. Soc. Geol. de Belgique, T. LXX1I, fascicule special.
  • (1950) : Carboniferous Megaspores in Tertiary and Quaternary deposits of SE England. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, Ser. 12, Vol. III, pp. 865-877.
  • (1951) : Wealden Megaspores and their Stratigraphical value. Med. Geol. Sticht. Nevv Ser., Vol. V, pp. 7-21, Maastricht.
  • (1952a) : Megaspores of the Turkish Carboniferous and their Stratigraphical value. Int. Geol. Congr. Report XVIIIth Session, part X, Proc. of Sect. J., pp. 11-17.
  • (19526) : Nevv Carboniferous Megaspores from Turkey. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London, Ser. 12, Vol. V. pp. 102-104.
  • (1952c) : The Stratigraphical value of Megaspores. 3. Congr. Sırat. Geol. Carb., Heerlen, pp. 163-168.
  • (1955) : The Megaspores of the Westphalian D and C. Med. Geol. Sticht. Nevv Ser. 8, pp. 5-11-
  • (1955a) : La Correlation des veines de charbon par les Megaspores. Publ. Ass. Etüd. Paleont., Brux., No. 21, Hors Ser., Vol. VIII, pp. 107-119.
  • (19556) Megaspores Carboniferas Espanolas y su empleo en la correlacion estratigrafica (vvith English Summary). Eludios Geol., No. 27, 28, Vol. XI, pp. 277-354, Madrid.
  • (1956a) : Some Brazilian Megaspores, Lovver Permian in age, and their comparison vvith Lovver Gondvvana Spores from India. Med. Geol. Sticht., Nevv. Ser., Vol. IX, p. 6. Maastricht.
  • (1956b) : Lovver Carboniferous Megaspores. Med. Geol. Sticht., Nevv Ser., Vol. 10, pp. 5-18. DİJKSTRA, S. J. ( 1958) : On a Megaspore-bearing Lycopod strobilus. Acta Botanica Neerlandica, 7, pp. 217-222.
  • & PIERART, P. (1957) : Lovver Carboniferous Megaspores from the Moscow Basin. Med. Geol. Sticht., Nevv Ser., Vol. XI, pp. 5-19.
  • EGEMEN, R. (1959) : Zonguldak, havzası, Kozlu, İhsaniye tabakalarında bulunan bazı fosil bitkilerin tetkiki, İst. Üniv. Fen Fak. Mecm., Seri B, T. XXIV, No. 1-21.
  • ERGÖNÜL, Y. (1959) : Zonguldak ve Amasra Karbonifer havzası megasporları ve onların stratigrafik kıymetleri. M.T.A. Derg., No. 53, Ankara.
  • (1961) : Amasra Üst Karboniferinde yeni pollen cinsleri ve türlerinin palinolojik tavsifleri. Türkiye, Jeol. Kur. Bült. vol. VII, No. 2, s. 136-144. (İngilizce).
  • ERDTMAN, G. (1952) : On Pollen and Spore Terminology. The Palaeobotanist, Vol. l, pp. 169-176.
  • FITTING, H. (1900) : Bau und Entvvicklungsgeschichte der Macrosporen von Isoetes und Selaginella und ihre Bedeutung für die Kenntnis des Wachstums pflanzlicher Zellmembranen. Bot. Z. 58, S. 107-164, Taf. 5, 6, Leipzig.
  • HÖEG, O. A., BOSE, M. N. & MANUM, S. (1955) : On double walls in fossil Megaspores. Nytt Magasin for Botanikk, Vol. IV, pp. 101-107.
  • HORST, U. (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae des Namurs von Westoberschlesien und Mâhrich-Ostrau. Palaeont., Vol. LXCII, pp. 138-236.
  • İBRAHiM, A. C. (1933) : Sporenformen des Agirhorizontes des Ruhr-Reviers. Dissertation Th. Berlin, 1932, S. 46, Pl. 8, Konrad Triltsch, Würzburg.
  • KALIBOVA, M. (1951) : Megaspores of the Radnice Coal Measure Zone of the Kladno-Rakovnik Coal Basin. Geo/. Surv. Czeckoslovakia, 18 (Pal.), 21-83, Pl. 5-8, Prague.
  • PREM SINGH in SURANGE, K. R., PREM SINGH & SRIVASTAVA, P. N. (1953) : Megaspores from the West Bokaro Coalfield (Lovver Gondvvana) of Bihar. The Palaebotanist, Vol. II, pp. 9-17.
  • POTONIE, R. & KREMP, G. (1954) : Die Gattungen der palâozoischen Sporae dispersae und ihre Stratigraphie. Geol. Jahrb. 69, pp. 111-194.
  • & (1955) : Die Sporae dispersae des Ruhrkarbons. Abdruck aus Paleontographica. Teil I und II Sonder. Bd. 98 und 99, Abt. B., Hannover.
  • & (1956) : Die Sporae dispersae des Ruhrkarbons. Teil III, Paleont., Abt. B, 100, Liefg. 4-6, 61-21, Stuttgart.
  • POTONIE, R. & KLAUS, W. (1954) : Einige Sporengattungen des Alpinen Salzgebirges. Geol. Jb. Bd. 68, S. 517-546, 11 Abb. und Taf. 10, Hannover.
  • POTONIE, R. (1952) : Zur Morphologie und morphologischen Nomenklatur der Sporites H. Potonie. Palâont. Z., Bd. 25, Heft 3-4, S. 143-154, Abb. 3, Taf. 9, Stuttgart.
  • (1954) : Stellung der Palâozoischen Sporengattungen im natürlichen System. Palâont. Z., Bd. 28, Heft 3-4, S. 103-139, Taf. 9-13, Stuttgart.
  • (1960) : Methoden zur Palâontologie und Stratigraphie der Sporae dispersae. Palâont. Z. 34 (1), S. 17-26.
  • PIERART, P. (1955) : Les Megaspores contenues dans quelques couches de houille du Westphalien B et C aux charbonnages Limburg, Meuse. Publ. Ass. Etud. Paleont., Brux., No. 21, Hors Ser., Vol. VIII, pp. 125-142.
  • (1956) : Quelques Megaspores contenues dans les charbons stephaniens des Bassins de Blanzy et de Decazeville. Bull. Soc. Belge. Geol, t. LXIV, fasc. 3, pp. 587-599, 6 pl.
  • (1957) : Note preliminaire sur les Megaspores du Westphalien C superieur en Campine Belge. Palâont. Z., 31 1/2, 46-52,'Stuttgart.
  • ROUSSEAU, A. (1935) : Etude de quelques types de spores du Westphalien inferieur. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belg., 9, 21, 6 p.
  • (1938) : Etude de quelques types de Spores du Westphalien C. Bull. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Y, T. XIV, No. 33, pp. 1-6.
  • ŞAHABI, Y. (1936) : Recherches sur les spores des Houille Françaises. Diss. pp. 1-62, Lille.
  • SEN, J. (1957) : Notes on the Megaspores from the Goldenberg Collection of the Saredish Museum of natural History. Rivista Italiana Paleont., 63, pp. 193-210, Taf. 7-10, Milano.
  • (1958) : Notes on the spores of four Carboniferous Lycopodes. Micropal., 4, pp. 159-162, T. 2, Nevv-York:
  • SOMMER; F. W. (1953) : Os Megaspores de carvao de Santa Catarina e seu aproveitamento na çorrelaçao das Camadas. Div. Geol. Min., Notas Preliminares E Estudos, No. 73, pp, 1-3, Rio de Janeiro.
  • STACH, E. U. & ZERNDT, J. (1931) : Die Sporen in den Flamm-Gasflamm- und Gaskohlen der Ruhrkarbons. Glückauf, 67, pp. 1118-1124. Essen.
  • SCHOPF, J. M. (1938) : Spores from the Herrin (No. 6) Coal Bed in lllinois. Rept. Investig. III, Geol. Surv., No. 50, pp. 1-55.
  • THOMSON, P. W. (1952) : Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sporomorphenflora im Unter und Mittel Devon. Palaeont. Z., 25, 3/4, 155-159, Stuttgart.
  • TRIPATHI, B. A. (1952) : A Note on Megaspores from Lower Gondwana Coal of Umaria Coalfield, District Sabdol (Vindhya Pradesh). Current Science, Vol. 21, pp. 308-309.
  • TREVEDI, B. A. (1953) : Megaspores and other plant remains from Lower Gondwana of Singrauli Coalfield, District Mirzapur. U. P. Jour. Indian Bot. Soc., Vol. XXXII, pp. 70-85, Bangalore.
  • TRINDADE, N. M. (1954) : Megaspores do carvao Gondvvanico do Rio Grando do Sul. e sua aplicao em correlaçoes estratigraficas. Div. Geol. Min. Notas Preliminares E Estudos, No. 78, pp. 1-6, Rio de Janeiro.
  • WICHER, C. A. (1934) : Über Abortiverscheinungen bei fossilen Sporen und ihre phylogenetische Bedeutung. Arb. Inst. Palaobot. Petrogr. Brennst. 5, 87-96, Preuss. Geol. L.-A., Berlin.
  • YAHŞIMAN, K. (1956) : Azdavay kömürlerinin stratigrafik yaşı hakkında. M.T.A. Derg., No. 48, s. 140, Ankara.
  • (1959) : Zonguldak ve Amasra kömür havzasında yeni Karbonifer megasporları- M.T.A. Derg.. No. 53, s. 102, Ankara.
  • & ERGÖNÜL, Y. (1958) : Amasra (Tarlaağzı) E.K.İ. galerisindeki kömür damarlarının sporolojik etüdü ve korelâsyonu. M.T.A. Derg. No. 51, s. 42, Ankara.
  • & (1959) : Hazrunun (Diyarbakır) Permien megasporları. M.T.A. Derg., No. 53, s. 94, Ankara.
  • YAHŞIMAN, K. (1961) : Amasra kömür havzasının Westfalien D-C seviyelerinde yeni palinolojik tetkikler. Türkiye Jeol. Kur. Bült. vol. VII, No. 2, s. 123-130 (İngilizce).
  • ZERNDT, J. (1930) : Petrograficzne badania vveglia z Podladu «Izabella» W Trzebini. Przegladu Gorniczo-Putniczaga Dabrow Goru Humiezego, 1-4, 5 Tafeln.
  • (1932) : Megasporen aus den Zvvickauer und Lugau-Ölsnitzer Karbon. Jahresber. Berg- und Hüttenwesen in Sachsen, 9-16, 4 Tafeln, Freiberg.
  • (1934) : Les Megaspores du Bassin Houiller Polonais. I. Bull. de I'Acad. Pol. des Sci. et des Lettres, Trav. Geol., 1-56, 32 Pl., Krakau.
  • (1937) : Les Megaspores du Bassin Houiller Polonais. II. Bull. de I'Acad. Pol. des Sci. et des Lettres, 1-78, 241-278, Krakau.
  • (1938) : Die Eignung von Megasporen als Leitfossilien. II. Carbon. Congr. Heerlen 1935, Compte Rendu 3, 1711-1732, Maastricht.
  • (1939) : Sprowozdanie z Badan Megaspore. Przyczynki do Geologii Polski, 1-4.
  • (1940) : Megasporen des Saarkarbons. Paleontographica, 84, Abt. B, 133-150. Tafeln 9-13, Stuttgart.
Toplam 79 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Yaşar Ergönül Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 1961
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 1961 Cilt: 57 Sayı: 57

Kaynak Göster

APA Ergönül, Y. (1961). AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 57(57), 86-92.
AMA Ergönül Y. AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Ekim 1961;57(57):86-92.
Chicago Ergönül, Yaşar. “AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 57, sy. 57 (Ekim 1961): 86-92.
EndNote Ergönül Y (01 Ekim 1961) AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 57 57 86–92.
IEEE Y. Ergönül, “AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 57, sy. 57, ss. 86–92, 1961.
ISNAD Ergönül, Yaşar. “AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 57/57 (Ekim 1961), 86-92.
JAMA Ergönül Y. AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 1961;57:86–92.
MLA Ergönül, Yaşar. “AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 57, sy. 57, 1961, ss. 86-92.
Vancouver Ergönül Y. AMASRA PRODÜKTİF KARBONİFER HAVZASINDA MÜŞAHEDE EDİLEN YENİ MEGASPORLAR. Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 1961;57(57):86-92.

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