Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 1998, Cilt: 120 Sayı: 120, 37 - 53, 01.01.1998

Öz


Kaynakça

  • Abdüsselamoğlu, M.S., 1977, The Palaeozoic and Mesozoic in the Gebze region-Explanatory text and excursion guidebook. 4th Colloquium on the Aegean Region, Excursion 4. ITU Maden Fak., İstanbul.
  • Aktimur, T.; Algan, Ü.; Ateş, Ş.; Oral, A.; Ünsal, Y.; Karatosun, H.; Öztürk, V. and Sönmez, M., 1983, Bolu ve yakın çevresinin yerbilim sorunları ve muhtemel çözümleri. MTA Rep. 1385, (unpublished), Ankara.
  • Arpat, E.; Tütüncü, K.; Uysal, S. and Göğer, E., 1978, Safranbolu yöresinde Kambriyen-Devoniyen istifi: TJK 32. Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 67-68.
  • Aydın, M.; Serdar, H.S.; Şahintürk, Ö.; Yazman, M.; Çokuğraş, R.; Demir, O. and Özçelik, Y., 1987, Camdag (Sakarya)-Sünnicedağ (Bolu) yöresinin jeolojisi. TJK Bült.,30,1-14.
  • Biberoğlu S., 1984, Yığılca (Bolu) güneydoğusunun jelojisi. Yüksek Lisans tezi İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 104s. (unpublished).
  • Blumenthal, M., 1948, Bolu civari ile aşağı Kızılırmak mecrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu Silsilesinin jeolojisi. MTA Bull., 13, seri: B.
  • Canik, B., 1980, Bolu sıcak su kaynaklarının hidrojeoloji incelemesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayl. No. I, 74 s.
  • Cerit, O., 1990, B.olu Masifinin jeolojik ve tektonik incelenmesi. Doktora tezi Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 217 s, (unpublished).
  • , 1995, Bolu Masifinde Alt Paleozoyik yaşlı magmatizma (Bolu kuzeyi). KTÜ Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü 30. Yıl Sempozyumu Bildiri Özleri, 16-20 Ekim, Trabzon, s. 21.
  • and Batman, B., 1992, Pre-Mesozoic Stratigraphy and evolution of Bolu Massive (Turkey NW). ISGB92, Abstract. 20, Ankara.
  • Erendil, M.; Aksay, A.; Kuşçu I.; Oral, A.; Tunay, G. and Temren, A., 1991, Bolu Masifi ve çevresinin jeolojisi. MTA Rep. 9425, (unpublished), Ankara.
  • Fitton , J.G. and Dunlop, H.M., 1985, The Camerron line, West Africa and its bearing on the origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalts. Earth and Platernary Science Letters, 72, 23- 38.
  • , James, D ; Kempton, P.D.; Ormerod, D.S. and Leeman, W.P., 1988, The role of Lithospheric Mantle in the generation of Late Cenozoic basic magmas in the Western United states. J. Petrol. Spec. Lithospheric issue, 331-349.
  • Göncüoğlu, C., 1997, Distribution of Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the Alpine terranes of Turkey; Palaeogeographic Constraints. TPJD Sepcial Publication, 3, 13-23.
  • Görmüş., S., 1980, Yığılca (Bolu NW) yöresinin jeolojik incelenmesi. Doktora tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 210 s. Haas, W., 1968, Das Alt-Palaozoikum von Bithynien : N., Jb., Gel., Palaont., Abh., 131, 178- 242.
  • Haydutov, I., 1995, Pan-African structures along the South European suture zon. A. Erler, T. Ercan, E. Bingöl, S. Orcen (eds): Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Geology of the Black Sea Region, 3-10.
  • Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian journal of Earth Sciences, 8, 523-548.
  • Kaya, O., 1978, Marmara Denizi doğu çevresinin yaşlı tektoniği: TPAO Arama Grubu Rep. 1020, Ankara.
  • , 1982, EreğIi, YığıIca, Bolu Kuzey, Mengen alanlarının stratigrafi ve yapı özellikleri: TPAO Arama Gurubu Rep. 1639, Ankara.
  • Ketin, İ. and Gümüş., Ö., 1962, Sinop, Ayancık ve güneyinde III. Bölgeye dahil sahaların jeolojisi hakkında rapor: Ml. TPAO Grubu Rep. 213-288.
  • Mugan-Ustaömer, P.A., 1992, Tectonic setting and emplacement of the Bolu Granitoid Complex, W Pontides, N Turkey. Abstract, Keele.
  • Okay, A.I., 1989, Alpine-Himalayan Blueschists. Ann. Ren. Earth Planet Sci., 17, 55-87.
  • Önalan, M., 1981 İstanbul Ordovisiyen ve Siluriyen istifinin Çökelme Ortamları. lÜ Yerbilimleri Bull., 2, 161-177.
  • Özaltın, M., 1984, YığıIca (Bolu) güneydoğusunun jeolojisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi ITÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstiüsü, 75 s, (unpublished).
  • Pearce, J.A., 1980, Geochemical evidence for the genesis and eruptive setting of lavas from Tethyan ophiolites. A. Panayiotou (ed): Proceedings of the International Ophiolite Symposium, Cyprus, 1979, 261-272.
  • , 1982, Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. Thorpe, R.S. (eds): Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks, Wiley, London, 525-48.
  • and Cann, J.R., 1973, Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analysis. Earth and Platemary Science Letters, 19, 290-300.
  • Pitcher, W.S., 1982, Granite type and tectonic environment. In K.J. Hsu (ed) Mountain Building Processes, 19-40.
  • Robertson, A.H.F. ve Dixon, J.E., 1984, Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. J.E. Dixon ve A.H.F. Robertson(eds): The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication 17, 1-74.
  • Serdar, H.S. and Demir, O., 1983, Bolu-Mengen-Devrek dolayının jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları. TPAO Arama Grubu Rep. 1781.
  • SeyitoğIu, G.G., 1984, Sünnice tepe (Bolu) güneyinin jeolojisi. ITU Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans tezi, 30 s, (unpublished).
  • Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F., 1980, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. A.D. Saunders ve M.J. Norry (eds): Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 42, 313-347.
  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Yılmaz, Y., 1981, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241.
  • , and Sungurlu, p., 1984, Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys. J.E. Dixon ve A.H.F. Robertson (eds): The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 17, 77- 111.
  • Tokel, S., 1995, Magmatic and geochemical evolution of the Pontide segment of the northern Tethys subduction system. A. Erler, T. Ercan, E. Bingöl, S. Örçen (eds): Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Geology of the Black Sea Region, 163-170.
  • Ustaömer, P.A.M., 1996, Bolu-Yedigöller Granitik Kayaçlarının Petrojenezi ve Metalojenezi. I.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi Maden Yatakları-Jeokimya programı, 196 s., (unpublished).
  • Ustaömer, P.A. and Kipman, E., 1997, Remnant of a preEarly Ordovician Cadomian active margin in W Pontides, N Turkey. EUG 9 Meeting, Abstract France, p. 382.
  • Ustaömer, T. and Robertson, A.H.F. 1993, Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic marginal basins along the active southern continental margin of Eurasia: evidence from the Central Pontides (Turkey) and adjacent regions. Geological journal, 28, 3-4, 219-238.
  • Wilkinson, J.F.G., 1982, The genesis of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts. Earth Science Reviews, 18, 1-57.
  • Wilson, M., 1989, Igneous Petrogenesis. Unwin Hyman. 466s.
  • Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1977, Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325- 343.
  • Yazman, K.M.; Aydın, M.; Serdar, H.S.; Şahintürk, Ö; Demir, O. and Çokuğraş, R., 1984, Sakarya-Çamdağ, Akçakoca-Kaplandededağ, EreğIi Orhandağ, Bolu-Sünnicedağ ve Mengen yörelerinin jeolojisi. TJK 38. Bilimsel Teknik Kurultayı Bildiri özetleri.
  • Yılmaz, O., 1980, Daday-Devrekani Masifinin kuzeydoğu kesiminin litostratigrafik birimleri ve tektoniği (Batı Pontidler, Türkiye). Yerbilimleri, 5-6, 101-135

AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES)

Yıl 1998, Cilt: 120 Sayı: 120, 37 - 53, 01.01.1998

Öz

 Three different units are exposed underneath the Palaeozoic sequence of W Pontides in the Bolu-Yedigöller area. These are, from the structural base to the top: i) high grade metamorphic rocks (the Sünnice group), ii) granitoids and, iii) a volcanic sequence (the Çaşurtepe formation) into which the granitoids intruded. The granitoidic intrusions are a part of an extensive group of intrusions, called the "Bolu Granitoid Complex" (BGC) and, together with the Çaşurtepe formation, they crop out structurally on top of the Sunnice group along an NE-SW trending, NW-dipping tectonic contact. The granitoids are cut by a number of lamprophyre dykes. The Çaşurtepe formation, the main subject of this paper, comprises of andesitic lavas at the base, overlain by an ignimbrite series in which rhyolitic volcaniclastics are dominant. Both the volcanic sequence and the granitoids were metamorphosed to greenschist facies and as a result, an albite+epidote+chlorite+actinolite mineral assemblage was developed, together with relict igneous minerals. An extensive pyrite mineralization is developed along sinuous shear zones in locally developed intense hydrothermal alteration areas. Massive lavas of the volcanic sequence are calc-alkaline andesitic and locally rhyo-dasitic in composition with high SiO2 content (> % 54). These have LIL-element enrichment relative to N-type MORB and show Nb depletion relative to LREE (La, Ce, Nd). The dikes within the granites have similar chemical characteristics. One sample analyzed from the Çaşurtepe formation gave 87Sr/86Sr 550 Ma model age value of 0.706482,143Nd/144Nd model value of 0.512450 and £Nd value of 10.2. Both major and trace elements of volcanic rocks indicate that the lavas are products of calcalkaline active margin arc volcanism, developed above a subduction zone. 143Nd/144Nd - 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios depart from typical MORB values and are compatible with those of intra-oceanic arcs. The Sünnice group, the Çaşurtepe formation, and the BGC are unconformably overlain by Lower Ordovician continental elastics of the Palaeozoic of Istanbul. Therefore, the data presented here point out to the existence of subduction-related magmatism during the pre- Early Ordovician period in W Pontides

Kaynakça

  • Abdüsselamoğlu, M.S., 1977, The Palaeozoic and Mesozoic in the Gebze region-Explanatory text and excursion guidebook. 4th Colloquium on the Aegean Region, Excursion 4. ITU Maden Fak., İstanbul.
  • Aktimur, T.; Algan, Ü.; Ateş, Ş.; Oral, A.; Ünsal, Y.; Karatosun, H.; Öztürk, V. and Sönmez, M., 1983, Bolu ve yakın çevresinin yerbilim sorunları ve muhtemel çözümleri. MTA Rep. 1385, (unpublished), Ankara.
  • Arpat, E.; Tütüncü, K.; Uysal, S. and Göğer, E., 1978, Safranbolu yöresinde Kambriyen-Devoniyen istifi: TJK 32. Bilimsel ve Teknik Kurultayı, Bildiri Özetleri Kitabı, 67-68.
  • Aydın, M.; Serdar, H.S.; Şahintürk, Ö.; Yazman, M.; Çokuğraş, R.; Demir, O. and Özçelik, Y., 1987, Camdag (Sakarya)-Sünnicedağ (Bolu) yöresinin jeolojisi. TJK Bült.,30,1-14.
  • Biberoğlu S., 1984, Yığılca (Bolu) güneydoğusunun jelojisi. Yüksek Lisans tezi İTÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 104s. (unpublished).
  • Blumenthal, M., 1948, Bolu civari ile aşağı Kızılırmak mecrası arasındaki Kuzey Anadolu Silsilesinin jeolojisi. MTA Bull., 13, seri: B.
  • Canik, B., 1980, Bolu sıcak su kaynaklarının hidrojeoloji incelemesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Yayl. No. I, 74 s.
  • Cerit, O., 1990, B.olu Masifinin jeolojik ve tektonik incelenmesi. Doktora tezi Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 217 s, (unpublished).
  • , 1995, Bolu Masifinde Alt Paleozoyik yaşlı magmatizma (Bolu kuzeyi). KTÜ Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü 30. Yıl Sempozyumu Bildiri Özleri, 16-20 Ekim, Trabzon, s. 21.
  • and Batman, B., 1992, Pre-Mesozoic Stratigraphy and evolution of Bolu Massive (Turkey NW). ISGB92, Abstract. 20, Ankara.
  • Erendil, M.; Aksay, A.; Kuşçu I.; Oral, A.; Tunay, G. and Temren, A., 1991, Bolu Masifi ve çevresinin jeolojisi. MTA Rep. 9425, (unpublished), Ankara.
  • Fitton , J.G. and Dunlop, H.M., 1985, The Camerron line, West Africa and its bearing on the origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalts. Earth and Platernary Science Letters, 72, 23- 38.
  • , James, D ; Kempton, P.D.; Ormerod, D.S. and Leeman, W.P., 1988, The role of Lithospheric Mantle in the generation of Late Cenozoic basic magmas in the Western United states. J. Petrol. Spec. Lithospheric issue, 331-349.
  • Göncüoğlu, C., 1997, Distribution of Lower Palaeozoic rocks in the Alpine terranes of Turkey; Palaeogeographic Constraints. TPJD Sepcial Publication, 3, 13-23.
  • Görmüş., S., 1980, Yığılca (Bolu NW) yöresinin jeolojik incelenmesi. Doktora tezi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 210 s. Haas, W., 1968, Das Alt-Palaozoikum von Bithynien : N., Jb., Gel., Palaont., Abh., 131, 178- 242.
  • Haydutov, I., 1995, Pan-African structures along the South European suture zon. A. Erler, T. Ercan, E. Bingöl, S. Orcen (eds): Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Geology of the Black Sea Region, 3-10.
  • Irvine, T.N. and Baragar, W.R., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian journal of Earth Sciences, 8, 523-548.
  • Kaya, O., 1978, Marmara Denizi doğu çevresinin yaşlı tektoniği: TPAO Arama Grubu Rep. 1020, Ankara.
  • , 1982, EreğIi, YığıIca, Bolu Kuzey, Mengen alanlarının stratigrafi ve yapı özellikleri: TPAO Arama Gurubu Rep. 1639, Ankara.
  • Ketin, İ. and Gümüş., Ö., 1962, Sinop, Ayancık ve güneyinde III. Bölgeye dahil sahaların jeolojisi hakkında rapor: Ml. TPAO Grubu Rep. 213-288.
  • Mugan-Ustaömer, P.A., 1992, Tectonic setting and emplacement of the Bolu Granitoid Complex, W Pontides, N Turkey. Abstract, Keele.
  • Okay, A.I., 1989, Alpine-Himalayan Blueschists. Ann. Ren. Earth Planet Sci., 17, 55-87.
  • Önalan, M., 1981 İstanbul Ordovisiyen ve Siluriyen istifinin Çökelme Ortamları. lÜ Yerbilimleri Bull., 2, 161-177.
  • Özaltın, M., 1984, YığıIca (Bolu) güneydoğusunun jeolojisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi ITÜ Fen Bilimleri Enstiüsü, 75 s, (unpublished).
  • Pearce, J.A., 1980, Geochemical evidence for the genesis and eruptive setting of lavas from Tethyan ophiolites. A. Panayiotou (ed): Proceedings of the International Ophiolite Symposium, Cyprus, 1979, 261-272.
  • , 1982, Trace element characteristics of lavas from destructive plate boundaries. Thorpe, R.S. (eds): Orogenic Andesites and Related Rocks, Wiley, London, 525-48.
  • and Cann, J.R., 1973, Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analysis. Earth and Platemary Science Letters, 19, 290-300.
  • Pitcher, W.S., 1982, Granite type and tectonic environment. In K.J. Hsu (ed) Mountain Building Processes, 19-40.
  • Robertson, A.H.F. ve Dixon, J.E., 1984, Introduction: aspects of the geological evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. J.E. Dixon ve A.H.F. Robertson(eds): The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication 17, 1-74.
  • Serdar, H.S. and Demir, O., 1983, Bolu-Mengen-Devrek dolayının jeolojisi ve petrol olanakları. TPAO Arama Grubu Rep. 1781.
  • SeyitoğIu, G.G., 1984, Sünnice tepe (Bolu) güneyinin jeolojisi. ITU Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans tezi, 30 s, (unpublished).
  • Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F., 1980, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. A.D. Saunders ve M.J. Norry (eds): Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 42, 313-347.
  • Şengör, A.M.C. and Yılmaz, Y., 1981, Tethyan evolution of Turkey: a plate tectonic approach. Tectonophysics, 75, 181-241.
  • , and Sungurlu, p., 1984, Tectonics of the Mediterranean Cimmerides: nature and evolution of the western termination of Palaeo-Tethys. J.E. Dixon ve A.H.F. Robertson (eds): The Geological Evolution of the Eastern Mediterranean. Geological Society of London Special Publication, 17, 77- 111.
  • Tokel, S., 1995, Magmatic and geochemical evolution of the Pontide segment of the northern Tethys subduction system. A. Erler, T. Ercan, E. Bingöl, S. Örçen (eds): Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Geology of the Black Sea Region, 163-170.
  • Ustaömer, P.A.M., 1996, Bolu-Yedigöller Granitik Kayaçlarının Petrojenezi ve Metalojenezi. I.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi Maden Yatakları-Jeokimya programı, 196 s., (unpublished).
  • Ustaömer, P.A. and Kipman, E., 1997, Remnant of a preEarly Ordovician Cadomian active margin in W Pontides, N Turkey. EUG 9 Meeting, Abstract France, p. 382.
  • Ustaömer, T. and Robertson, A.H.F. 1993, Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic marginal basins along the active southern continental margin of Eurasia: evidence from the Central Pontides (Turkey) and adjacent regions. Geological journal, 28, 3-4, 219-238.
  • Wilkinson, J.F.G., 1982, The genesis of Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts. Earth Science Reviews, 18, 1-57.
  • Wilson, M., 1989, Igneous Petrogenesis. Unwin Hyman. 466s.
  • Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., 1977, Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chemical Geology, 20, 325- 343.
  • Yazman, K.M.; Aydın, M.; Serdar, H.S.; Şahintürk, Ö; Demir, O. and Çokuğraş, R., 1984, Sakarya-Çamdağ, Akçakoca-Kaplandededağ, EreğIi Orhandağ, Bolu-Sünnicedağ ve Mengen yörelerinin jeolojisi. TJK 38. Bilimsel Teknik Kurultayı Bildiri özetleri.
  • Yılmaz, O., 1980, Daday-Devrekani Masifinin kuzeydoğu kesiminin litostratigrafik birimleri ve tektoniği (Batı Pontidler, Türkiye). Yerbilimleri, 5-6, 101-135
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

P. Ayda Ustaömer Bu kişi benim

Erdinç Kipman Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 1998
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 1998 Cilt: 120 Sayı: 120

Kaynak Göster

APA Ustaömer, P. A., & Kipman, E. (1998). AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 120(120), 37-53.
AMA Ustaömer PA, Kipman E. AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Ocak 1998;120(120):37-53.
Chicago Ustaömer, P. Ayda, ve Erdinç Kipman. “AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 120, sy. 120 (Ocak 1998): 37-53.
EndNote Ustaömer PA, Kipman E (01 Ocak 1998) AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 120 120 37–53.
IEEE P. A. Ustaömer ve E. Kipman, “AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES)”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 120, sy. 120, ss. 37–53, 1998.
ISNAD Ustaömer, P. Ayda - Kipman, Erdinç. “AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 120/120 (Ocak 1998), 37-53.
JAMA Ustaömer PA, Kipman E. AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 1998;120:37–53.
MLA Ustaömer, P. Ayda ve Erdinç Kipman. “AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 120, sy. 120, 1998, ss. 37-53.
Vancouver Ustaömer PA, Kipman E. AN EXAMPLE FOR A PRE-EARLY ORDOVICIAN ARC MAGMATISM FROM NORTH TURKEY: GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE ÇAŞURTEPE FORMATION (BOLU, W PONTIDES). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 1998;120(120):37-53.

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