LITHOFACIES PROPERTIES OF ANTALYA TUFAS

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 130 Sayı: 130, 19 - 19, 01.11.2005

Erdal Koşun , Ayşe Sarıgül Baki Varol

Öz

The tufa term is described as secondary calcium carbonate deposits which are deposited by biologicand/ or physicochemical processes under cool water conditions and contain macro and micro scales plant, animal remains and bacteria ( especially cyanobacteria ). Tufas have especially deposited at Quaternary and recenttime. The study area, located in Antalya city borders, constituted by primary three main terraces, DöşemealtıPlateau (Upper Terraces), Düden Plateau (Lower Terraces) and the third terraces under the sea level. Theseterraces contain nine second and the third order small terraces which determined by using GIS. As a result of thisstudy, ten lithofacies which have deposited in fluvial, paludal, lacustrine and cascade-barrage environments aredescribed. These are; 1. phytoherm framestone facies, 2. phytoherm boundstone fades, 3. micritic tufa fades, 4.phytoclastic tufa facies, 5. oncoidal tufa facies, 6. intraclastic tufa facies, 7. microdetrital tufa facies, 8. palaeosols,9. pisolitic tufa facies (channel and pool types) and 10. intraformational tufa facies. These different types haveformed in low regime surface flows/ streams, marshes, lake- pool and cascade- barrage environments that developed from springs and have different hydrologic conditions

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afyon, Karamık Lake, saccarites, invert sugar, Emmerich-A method

Kaynakça

• Altunel, E., 1996. Pamukkale Travertenlerin morfolojik özellikleri yaşlan ve neotektonik önemleri, MTA 118, 47-64.
• Arenas, C., Gutierrez, F., Osacar, C. ve Sancho, C. 2000. Sedimentology and geochemistry of fluvio-lacustrine tufa deposits controlled by evaporite solution subsidence in the Central Ebro depression, NE Spain. Sedimentology, 47, 883-909.
• Arp, G. Hofmann, J. ve Reitner, J. 1998. Microbial fabric formation in spring mounds ("Micro- bialites") of alkaline salt lakes in the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, PR China. Palaios, 13(6), 581-592.
• Burger, D. 1990. The travertine complex of Antalya / southwest Turkey. Z. Geomorph., 77, 25-46.
• , 1992. Ouantifizierung Guartarer subtro- pischer verwitterung auf kalk: das Beispel Travertinkompiex von Antalya- Südwesttür- kei, Gebrüder Borntraeger: Berlin, 25-46s.
• Chafetz, H. ve Folk, R.L. 1984. Travertines: deposi- tional morphology and the bacterially cons- tructed constitiuents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54(1), 289-316.
• , Utech, N,M. ve Fitzmaurice, S.P. 1991. Differences in the d18O and d13C signatures of seasonal laminae comprising travertine stromatolites. Journal of Sedimen-tary Petrology, 61(6), 1015-1028. Darkot, B. ve Erinç, S. 1948. Aksu batısında Antalya traverten taraçalan. İ.Ü. Coğrafya Dergisi, 54-61. Denizman, C. 1989. Kırkgöz kaynakları ve Antalya traverten platosunun hidrojeoloijk etüdü, Ha- cettepe Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 145s. Ankara (yayım- lanmamış).
• Ford, T.D. ve Pedley, H.M. 1996. A review of tufa and travertines deposits of the world. Earth Sciences Reviews, 41, 117-175.
• Glover, C. ve Robertson, A. H. 1998. Role of regional extensional and uplift in the Plio-Pleistocene evolution of the Aksu Basin, SW Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 15, 365-388.
• , ve — , 2003. Origin of tufa ( cool- water carbonate) and related terraces in the Antalya areas, SW Turkey. Geological Journal, 38, 1-30.
• Golubic, S. 1969. Cyclic and noncyclic mechanisms in the formation of travertine. Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol., 17, 956-961.
• Vioiante, C. ve D Argenio, B. 1994. Travertine biota: A record of seasonal chan- ges. Climate changes and hydrogeological hazards in the Mediterranean area, June 27th- 28th, 1994, Colombella, Perugia, Italy, 25-30.
• Guo, L. ve Riding, R. 1998. Hot- spring travertine facies and sequences, Late Pleistocene, Rapolano Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 45, 163-180.
• İnan, N. 1985. Antalya travertenlerinin oluşumu ve özellikleri, TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 24(3), 31-37
• Janssen, A., Swennen, R., Podoor, N. ve Keppens, E. 1999, Biological and diagenetic influence in recent and fossil tufa deposits from Beigium. Sedimentary Geology, 126, 75-95.
• Jones, B. ve Kahle, C.F. 1993. Morphology, relation- ship, and origin of fiber and dendritic calcite crystals. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 63(6), 1018-1031.
• , Renaut, R.W. ve Rosen, M.R. 2000. Trigonal dendritic calcite crystals forming from hoi spring waters at Waikite, North Island, New Zeland. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 70, 586-603.
• Matsuoka, J., Kano, A., Oba, T., Watanabe, T., Sakai, S. ve Seto, K. 2001. Seasonal variation of stable isotopic compositions recorded in a laminated tufa, SW Japan. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 192(1), 31-44.
• Özkul, M., Varol, B. ve Alçiçek, M.C. 2002. Denizli travertenlerinin petrografik özelliklen ve de- polanma ortamları. MTA Dergisi, 125, 13-29.
• Özüş, S. 1992. Antalya travertenleri, hidrolojisi ve jeokimyası. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, 179s. Adana (yayımlanmamış).
• Pedley, H.M. 1990. Classification and environmental models of cool freshwater tufas. Sedimentary Geology, 68, 143-154.
• Pedley. H.M., 2000. Ambient temperature freshwater microbial tufas. Robert E., Riding, M ve Awramik, S M. (ed). Microbial Sediments da. Springer-Verfag, 331s.
• , Martin, J.A.G., Ordonez, S.D. ve Cura, G.D. M.A. 2003. Sedimentology of Quater-nary perched springline and paludai tufas: Criteria for recognition, with examples from Gua- dalajara Province, Spain. Sedimento-logy, 50, 23-44
• Pentecost, A. 1995. The Ouaternary travertine depo- sits of Europe and Asia minör. Ouaternary Science Reviews, 14, 1005-1028.
• Planhof, X.D. 1956a. Contribution â l'etud e geomorphologique de Taurus Occidental et de plaines bordieres. Revue de Geographie Alpine, 44, 609-685.
• .1956b. Position stratigraphique et signification morphologe des Travertins Subtauriques de L'Anatolie Sud- occidental. Report of the IV International Congress on the Ouaternary, Rome, 467-471.
• Şenel, M. 1997a. 1: 100 000 ölçekli Türkiye jeoloji haritası, İsparta K11 paftası, MTA yayınlan, Ankara.
• , 19970. 1: 100 000 ölçekli Türkiye jeoloji haritası, Antalya L11 paftası, MTA yayınları, Ankara.
• Viles, H. 1988. Biogeomorphology Blackwell, Oxford, 365s.
• Wright, J.S. 2000. Tufa accumulations in emphemeral streams: Observations from the Kimberley, NW Australia. Australian Geographer, 31,333- 347.