GEOLOGY OF THE KÜTAHYA-BOLKARDAĞ BELT

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 142 Sayı: 142, 223 - 277, 01.11.2011

M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Öz

Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt is one of the subunits of the
Tauride-Anatolide Terrane extending from the Aegean Sea to the Hınzır
Mountains. It includes numerous tectonic slices, formed during the closure of
the İzmirAnkara Oceanic branch of the Neotethys. The tectonic slices are mainly
derived from three different tectonic settings: i- rocks representing the
oceanic lithosphere and subduction- accretion prism of the İzmirAnkara Ocean
(ophiolites and ophiolitic mélanges), ii- flysch-type deposits that were formed
in foreland-basins on the northern and passive edge of the Tauride-Anatolide
platform in front of the southward advancing nappes (olistostromes with
olistoliths, sedimentary mélanges), and iii- successions, in some cases with
HP/LT metamorphism, representing the slope margin and external platform of the
northern Tauride-Anatolide margin. Rock-units of the Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt
surround the HT/LP Menderes Core Complex and are also observed as slices or
klippen in the massif, or as nappes to the south of it. The rocks of the İzmir-Ankara
oceanic lithosphere occur as huge allochthonous bodies/tectonic slices and
blocks within the mélange and olistostromes. The fossil data and geochemical
data obtained suggest the following: The earliest "oceanic" volcanism
commenced during middle Carnian, the generation of ocean island-type (OIB)
volcanics lasted from Bajocian to Abtian, where as the MORbasalts spread from
Aalenian to Turonian. Supra-subduction- and island-arc type basalts of Albian
to Cenomanian age indicate an intra-oceanic subduction within the İzmir-Ankara
Ocean. The mélanges are characterized by HP/LT metamorphism with a LP/LT
overprint. Middle Maestrichtian olistostomes with olistoliths formed in
foreland basins in front of the nappes include blocks of all kind of tectonic
settings mentioned above. The flysch rocks are in depositional contact with the
underlying platform and/or slope rocks of the Tauride-Anatolide passive margin.
The Tauride-Anatolide slope and external platform deposits are partly affected
by HP/LT metamorphism and occur as slices along the belt and as blocks within
the flysch-basins. In Afyon area the Late Permian transgresses onto the
Precambrian basement, whereas in Konya, more internal in regard to the
platform, the Devonian carbonate platform is drowned and covered by
back-arc-type sediments and volcanism of Carboniferous age. All along the belt,
early Late Permian unconformably covers a slightly metamorphosed and deformed
basement, attributed to a Variscan event within the Tauride-Anatolide platform.
The Lower Triassic sequences unconformably covering the older units and
starting with volcanogenic continental clastics, pass into the marine
carbonates by Anisian. In the allochtonous belonging to the more internal
platform, the Ladinian-Lower Cretaceous sequences are represented with thick
platform carbonates. The first deep marine sediments take place in some slices
of these sequences which is interpreted as the initial rifting of the İzmir-Ankara
oceanic branch. While only the slope sediments accompanying with transitional
ocean crust volcanics are observed in the allochtonous derived from the
northernmost part of the Taurid-Anatolid platform, the Ladinian-Lower
Cretaceous sequences are represented by thick platform carbonates in the
allochtonous of the inner platform. The transition from platform to slopetype
deposits is in Malm in the allochtonous of the external platform, but Abtian in
more internal parts. This indicates a stepwise deepening of the
platform-margin. The presence of HP/LT metamorphic platform-margin sediments is
indicative for a deep subduction of the attenuated continental-crust of the
Tauride-Anatolide margin. The initial compression-slicing and nappe-emplacement
must have realized prior to Middle Paleocene. Middle Paleocene-Middle Eocene in
the Kütahya-Bolkardağ Belt is characterized by shallow-marine or continental
molasse-type deposition in the remnant basins on the platform.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tauride-Anatolide, geological evolution, KÜTAHYA-BOLKARDAĞ BELT

Kaynakça

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