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Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye)

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 173 Sayı: 173, 55 - 83, 26.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127

Öz

Fifty-four coal clast samples in the siliciclastic rocks (e.g., sandstone and conglomerate) were collected from cores of two-deep research wells (K20H and K20K) drilled at the Kozlu coalfield in
Zonguldak Basin, and for the first time, they were evaluated using mineralogy by XRD and SEMEDX and random vitrinite reflectance (%Rr) measurements in order to find out their origin and timing. Petrographic observations on polish surfaces show that the coal clasts are either entirely xylitic/vitrinitic particles or coals including a broader range of macerals. The detected minerals in the samples are mostly derived from the parental coal seams and, to a lesser extent, precipitated from penetrated pore-water in the cleats/fractures of clasts. The %Rr values of coal clasts in Carboniferous sediments are generally relatively higher than those measured in the coal seams due to weak oxidation during transportation. Furthermore, similar mineralogical and maceral compositions between coal clasts and coal seams imply that these clasts were mainly eroded during the peatification and/or early coalification of parental seams and display similar coalification
patterns. The close %Rr value of a coal clast sample in the Early Aptian Zonguldak Formation and Carboniferous coal seams could suggest that this coal clast sample is presumably derived from the
coal seams eroded during Early Aptian.

Etik Beyan

A part of this study is supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the project YDABCAG-70. The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. J. HOWER (University of Kentucky) his suggestions during the manuscript preparations.

Destekleyen Kurum

A part of this study is supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the project YDABCAG-70

Proje Numarası

Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the project YDABCAG-70

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. J. HOWER (University of Kentucky) his suggestions during the manuscript preparations.

Kaynakça

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Yıl 2024, Cilt: 173 Sayı: 173, 55 - 83, 26.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127

Öz

Proje Numarası

Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the project YDABCAG-70

Kaynakça

  • Ağralı, B. 1963. Etude des microspores du Namurien a Tarlaağzı (Amasra, Turquie). Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord t83, 145-159 (in French).
  • Ağralı, B. 1970. Étude des Microspores du basin Carbonifère d’Amasra. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 75, 28-68 (in French with Turkish abstract).
  • Akgün, F., Akyol, E. 1992. Palynology and paleoecology of the coals in the Amasra-Bartın Carboniferous Basin Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 1, 49-56 (in Turkish with English abstract).
  • Akgün, F., Uzun, N., Akyol, E. 1997. Palynology. Yalçın,M. N. (Ed.). A multidisciplinary approach on Kozlu K20/H and K20/K wells. TÜBİTAK YDABÇAG-70 Project Report, Ankara (in Turkish) (unpublished).
  • Akyol, E. 1972. Etudes palynologiques des veines du Namurien et du Westphalien A, recoupees par les ailes sud et est d’une galerie de cote -50a Asma, Üzülmez-Zonguldak. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 83, 50-104 (in French with Turkish abstract).
  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D2797/D2797M. 2011. Standard practice for preparing coal samples for microscopical analysis by reflected light. ASTM International, 5. Barker, C. E., Pawlewicz, M. J. 1994. Calculation of vitrinite reflectance from thermal histories and peak temperatures. A comparison of methods. Mukhopadhyay, P. K., Dow W. G. (Ed.). Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Parameter: Applications and Limitations, ACS Symposium Series 570, Chicago, 216-229.
  • Barker, C. E., Pawlewicz, M. J. 1994. Calculation of vitrinite reflectance from thermal histories and peak temperatures. A comparison of methods. Mukhopadhyay, P. K., Dow, W. G. (Eds.). Vitrinite Reflectance as a Maturity Parameter: Applications and Limitations. ACS Symposium Series volume570. ACS Publication, Washington, 216-229.
  • Bicca, M. M., Kalkreuth, W., da Silva, T. F., de Oliveira,C. H. E., Genezini, F. A. 2020. Thermal and depositional history of Early-Permian Rio Bonito Formation of southern Paraná Basin-Brazil. International Journal of Coal Geology 228, 103554.
  • Burger, K., Bandelow, F. K., Bieg, G. 2000. Pyroclastic kaolin coal–tonsteins of the Upper Carboniferous of Zonguldak and Amasra, Turkey. International Journal of Coal Geology 45, 39-53.
  • Cleal, C. J., Van Waveren, I. M. 2012. A reappraisal of the Carboniferous macrofloras of the Zonguldak- Amasra. Coal Basin, north-western Turkey. Geologia Croatica 65, 283-297.
  • Cleal, C. J., Stolle, E., Van Waveren, I. M., King, S., Didari,V. 2017. Carboniferous plant fossils from northern Turkey in the Jongmans Collection, Naturalis, Leiden. Paleontological Journal 51, 770-777.
  • Cleal, C. J., Stolle, E., Van Waveren, I. M., King, S., Didari, V. 2018. Macrofloral biostratigraphy of the upper Bashkirian Kozlu Formation, Zonguldak coalfield, north Turkey. Nurgaloev, D., Barclay, M., Nikolaeva, S., Silantiev, V., Zharinova, V., Vasilyeva O. (Ed.). Advances in Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian Research: Stratigraphy, Environments, Climate and Resources. Filodiritto, Bologna, 82-90.
  • Dai, S., Bechtel, A, Eble, C. F., Flores, R. M., French, D., Graham, I. T., Hood, M. M., Hower, J. C., Korasidis, V. A., Moore, T. A., Püttmann, W., Wei, Q. 2020a. Recognition of peat depositional environments in coal: A review. International Journal of Coal Geology 219, 103383.
  • Daněk, V., Pešek, J., Valterová, P. 2002. Coal clasts in the Bolsovian (Westphalian C) sequence of the Kladno-Rakovník continental basin (Czech Republic): implication of the timing of maturation. Polish Geological Institute Special Paper 7, 63-78.
  • Daniels, S. M., Agnew, C. T., Allott, T. E. H., Evans, M.G. 2008. Water table variability and runoff generation in an eroded peatland, South Pennines, UK. Journal of Hydrology 361, 214-226.
  • Dawson, G. K. W., Golding, S. D., Esterle, J. S., Massarotto, P. 2012. Occurrence of minerals within fractures and matrix of selected Bowen and Ruhr Basin coals. International Journal of Coal Geology 94, 150-166.
  • Dill, H. G., Kus, J., Kaufhold, S., Rammlmair, D., Techmer, A. 2017. Oligo-Miocene coal in a microtidal environment reworked under Quaternary periglacial conditions (Western Falkland Islands/ Isla Gran Malvina) coal formation and natural sand processing. International Journal of Coal Geology 174, 8-22.
  • Dill, H. G., Kus, J., Andrei, B., Sorin-Ionut, B., Stephan, K., Borrego, A. G. 2021. Organic debris and allochthonous coal in Quaternary landforms within a periglacial setting (Longyearbyen Mining District, Norway) - A multi-disciplinary study (coal geology-geomorphology-sedimentology). International Journal of Coal Geology 233, 103625.
  • Gayer, R. A., Pešek, J., Sýkorová, I., Valterová, P. 1996. Coal clasts in the upper Westphalian sequence of the South Wales coal basin: Implications for the timing of maturation and fracture permeability. Geological Society Special Publication 109, 103-120.
  • Geršlová, E., Goldbach, M., Geršl, M., Skupien, P. 2016. Heat flow evolution, subsidence and erosion in Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Czech Republic. International Journal of Coal Geology 154-155, 30-42. Gürdal, G., Yalçın, M. N. 2000. Gas adsorption capacity of Carboniferous coals in the Zonguldak Basin (NW Turkey) and its controlling factors. Fuel 79, 1913- 1924.
  • Gürdal, G., Yalçın, M. N. 2001. Pore volume and surface area of the carboniferous coal from the Zonguldak Basin (NW Turkey) and their variations with rank and maceral composition. International Journal of Coal Geology 48, 133-144.
  • Gürdal, G., Mann, U., Yalçın, M. N. 2004. Comparison of adsorption related properties of Zonguldak Basin coals (NW Turkey) obtained at two different adsorption temperatures of carbon dioxide. Energy Source 26, 1301-1312.
  • Hower, J. C., Davis, A. 1981. Vitrinite reflectance anisotropy as a tectonic fabric element. Geology 9, 165-168.
  • Hower, J. C., Gayer, R. A. 2002. Mechanisms of coal metamorphism: case studies from Paleozoic coalfields. International Journal of Coal Geology 50, 215-245.
  • Hower, J. C., Williams, D. A., Eble, C. F., Sakulpitakphon, T., Moecher, D. P. 2001. Brecciated and mineralized coals in Union County, Western Kentucky coal field. International Journal of Coal Geology 47, 223-234.
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  • Littke, R., Horsfield, B., Leythauser, D. 1989. Hydrocarbon distribution in coals and in dispersed organic matter of different maceral compositions and maturities. Geologische Rundschau 78, 391-410.
  • Mann, U., Hertle, M., Horsfield, B., Radke, M., Schenk, H. J., Yalçın, M. N. 1995. Petrographical, organic- geochemical and petrophysical characterization of Upper Carboniferous coals from well K20/H, Zonguldak Basin. Yalçın, M. N., Gürdal, G. (Ed.). Zonguldak Basin Research Wells-1. Special Publication of TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Centre, Kocaeli, 133-166.
  • Martínek, K., Pešek, J., Opluštil, S. 2017. Significant hiatuses in the terrestrial Late Variscan Central and Western Bohemian basins (Late Pennsylvanian- Early Cisuralian) and their possible tectonic and climatic links. Geologica Carpathica 68, 269-281.
  • Misz-Kennan, M., Fabiańska, M., Ciesielczuk J., Filipiak, P., Jura, D. 2019. Organic geochemistry and petrography of coal clasts deposited in Pennsylvanian sandstones (upper Silesian coal basin, Poland). 29th International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG), 1–6 September 2019, Gothenburg, 1-2.
  • Oktay, F. A. 1995. Sedimentological and petrographical properties of Carboniferous sequence drilled by K20/G well. Yalçın, M. N., Gürdal, G. (Ed.). Zonguldak Basin Research Wells-I. TÜBİTAK- MAM Special Publications, Kocaeli, 73-98 (in Turkish with English abstract).
  • Okay, A. I., Nikishin, A. M. 2015. Tectonic evolution of the southern margin of Laurasia in the Black Sea region. International Geology Reviews 57, 1051-1076.
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  • Paszkowski, M., Jachowicz, M., Michalik, M., Teller, L., Uchman, A., Urbanek, Z. 1995. Composition, age and provenance of gravel-sized clasts from the Upper Carboniferous of the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (Poland). Studia Geologica Polonica 108, 45-127.
  • Petersen, H. I., Bojesen-Koefoed, J. A., Nytoft, H. P., Surlyk, F., Therkelsen, J., Vosgerau, H. 1998. Relative sea-level changes recorded by paralic liptinite-enriched coal facies cycles, Middle Jurassic Muslingebjerg Formation, Hochstetter Forland, Northeast Greenland. International Journal of Coal Geology 36, 1-30.
  • Pešek, J., Sýkorová, I. 2006. A review of the timing of coalification in the light of coal seam erosion, clastic dykes and coal clasts. International Journal of Coal Geology 66, 13-34.
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  • Yalçın, M. N., Inan, S., Gürdal, G., Mann, U., Schaefer, R.G. 2002. Carboniferous coals of the Zonguldak Basin (northwest Turkey): Implications for coalbed methane potential. AAPG Bulletin 86, 1305-1328.
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  • Yürüm, Y., Dilara, B., Yalçın, M. N. 2001b. Change of the structure of coals from the KozluK20 G borehole of Zonguldak Basin with burial depth2. Macromolecular structure. Energy Source 23, 521-527.
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  • Zhao, L., Ward, C. R., French, D., Graham, I. T., Dai, S., Yang, C., Xie, P., Zhang, S. 2018. Origin of a kaolinite-NH4-illite-pyrophyllite-chlorite assemblage in a marine-influenced anthracite and associated strata from the Jincheng Coalfield, Qinshui Basin, Northern China. International Journal of Coal Geology 185, 61-78.
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Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali İhsan Karayiğit Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9743-4611

Rıza Görkem Oskay 0000-0003-0748-8363

Proje Numarası Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) under the project YDABCAG-70
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Nisan 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Nisan 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 173 Sayı: 173

Kaynak Göster

APA Karayiğit, A. İ., & Oskay, R. G. (2024). Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 173(173), 55-83. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127
AMA Karayiğit Aİ, Oskay RG. Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. Nisan 2024;173(173):55-83. doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127
Chicago Karayiğit, Ali İhsan, ve Rıza Görkem Oskay. “Vitrinite Reflectances and Mineralogy of Coal Clasts in the Late Carboniferous Sequences in the Two-Deep Research Wells from the Kozlu Coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 173, sy. 173 (Nisan 2024): 55-83. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127.
EndNote Karayiğit Aİ, Oskay RG (01 Nisan 2024) Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 173 173 55–83.
IEEE A. İ. Karayiğit ve R. G. Oskay, “Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye)”, Bull.Min.Res.Exp., c. 173, sy. 173, ss. 55–83, 2024, doi: 10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127.
ISNAD Karayiğit, Ali İhsan - Oskay, Rıza Görkem. “Vitrinite Reflectances and Mineralogy of Coal Clasts in the Late Carboniferous Sequences in the Two-Deep Research Wells from the Kozlu Coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 173/173 (Nisan 2024), 55-83. https://doi.org/10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127.
JAMA Karayiğit Aİ, Oskay RG. Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2024;173:55–83.
MLA Karayiğit, Ali İhsan ve Rıza Görkem Oskay. “Vitrinite Reflectances and Mineralogy of Coal Clasts in the Late Carboniferous Sequences in the Two-Deep Research Wells from the Kozlu Coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye)”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, c. 173, sy. 173, 2024, ss. 55-83, doi:10.19111/bulletinofmre.1209127.
Vancouver Karayiğit Aİ, Oskay RG. Vitrinite reflectances and mineralogy of coal clasts in the Late Carboniferous sequences in the two-deep research wells from the Kozlu coalfield (Zonguldak Basin, NW Türkiye). Bull.Min.Res.Exp. 2024;173(173):55-83.

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