Effect of Food Waste and Sugar Factory Waste Composts on Soil Properties and Development of Corn (Zea mays L.) Plant

Yıl 2024, , 45 - 66, 14.06.2024

Serhat Gürel

https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1337983

Öz

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of food waste compost (FWC), sugar mill waste compost (beet seed waste compost = BSWC), farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilizer (NP) on corn plant growth. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions according to the randomized plot design. Attempt; six applications (food waste compost, beet seed waste compost, ½ food waste compost + ½ beet seed waste compost, farmyard manure, for 20 kg N da-1 inorganic 20-20-0 NP fertilizer and control), three different doses (1, 2, 4 t da-1) and carried out in triplicate. The treatments significantly improved all yield parameters relative to the control. Soil properties and nutrient concentrations were higher with compost application at the rate of 4 t da-1 compared to other applications. In general, FYM and NP applications produced superior values in plant growth parameters. It has been determined that FYM and NP are more balanced materials than BSWC applications and FWC+BSWC mixtures in terms of increasing plant nutrient elements. But when all parameters are evaluated together; It was determined that the soil electrical conductivity (EC) and the Na content in the soil did not increase with the FWC application. However, it was determined that the plants followed a balanced course in both macro and micro element intake.

Anahtar Kelimeler

maize, food waste, compost, plant growth, soil properties

Proje Numarası

Yok

Gıda Atığı ve Şeker Fabrikası Atığı Kompostlarının Toprak Özellikleri ve Mısır (Zea mays L.) Bitkisinin Gelişimine Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gıda atığı kompostu (GAK), şeker fabrikası atığı kompostu (pancar tohumu atığı kompostu=PAK), çiftlik gübresi (ÇG) ve kimyasal gübrenin (NP) mısır bitkisinin büyümesi üzerindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme; altı uygulama (gıda atığı kompostu, pancar tohumu atığı kompostu, ½ gıda atığı kompostu + ½ pancar tohumu atığı kompostu, çiftlik gübresi, 20 kg N da-1 için inorganik 20-20-0 NP gübresi ve kontrolü), üç farklı doz (1, 2, 4 ton da-1) ve üç tekrarlı olarak yürütülmüştür. Uygulamalar, kontrole göre tüm verim parametrelerini önemli ölçüde iyileştirmiştir. Toprak özellikleri ve besin elementleri konsantrasyonları 4 ton da-1 oranında kompost uygulaması ile diğer uygulamalara göre daha yüksek olmuştur. Genel olarak, ÇG ve NP uygulamaları bitki gelişim parametelerinde daha iyi sonuçlar vermiştir. ÇG ve NP, bitki besin elementi artışı sağlanması konusunda PAK uygulamaları ve GAK+PAK karışımlarından daha uygun materyaller oldukları belirlenmiştir. Fakat tüm parametreler birlikte değerlendiğildiğinde; GAK uygulaması ile toprak elektriksel iletkenliği (EC) ve topraktaki Na içeriğinin yükselmediği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte bitkilerin hem makro hem de mikro element alımında dengeli bir materyal olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mısır, gıda atığı, kompost, toprak özellikleri, bitki gelişimi

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü Başkanlığı

Kaynakça

• Abdullah, R., Osman, N., Yusoff, S., Mohd Yusof, H., Abdul Halim, N. S., ve Mohd Rosli, N. S. 2020. Effects of Palm Kernel Biochar and Food Waste Compost on the Growth of Palm Lily (Cordylıne Frutıcosa), Coleus (Coleus Sp.), and Boat Lily (Rhoeo Dıscolor). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 19 (1): 205-218. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1901_205218
• Adediran, J. A., Taiwo, L. B., Akande, M.O., Sobulo, R. A., ve Idowu, O. J. 2005. Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer for Sustainable Maize and Cowpea Yields in Nigeria. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27(7):1163-1181, Doi: 10.1081/PLN-120038542
• Ahmad, R., Naseer, A., Zahir, Z. A., Arshad, M., Sultan, T., ve Ullah, M. A. 2006. Integrated use of recycled organic waste and chemical fertilizers for improving maize yield. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, (J. Agri. Biol.) 8(6): 840-843.
• Aksoy, E., Dirim, M.S., Tümsavaş, Z, ve Özsoy, G. 2001. Formation of Uludag University Campus Area Soils, Important Physical, Chemical Properties and Classification. Research Fund of the University of Uludag, Project No:98/32, Bursa, Turkey, 118p.
• Ali, S., Uddin, S., Ullah, O., Shah, S., Din, S., ve Ali, T. 2015. Yield and yield components of maize response to compost and fertilizer-nitrogen. Food Science and Quality Management. 38: 39-44. ISSN 2225-0557 (Online)
• Anonim. 1951. Soil survey manual. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Handbook No:18, U.S. gout Print Office, Washington D.C., 209 p.
• Anonim. 1994 a. Method EPA 3051, Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and oils. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C, p. 1–14
• Anonim. 1994 b. Diseases and Pests of Vegetable Crops in Canada. 1994. Canadian Phytopathological Society and Entomological Society of Canada. pp 50 - 60 and pp 407-409.
• Anonim. 2005. Jmp 9.0 jump statistical software. Erişim adresi: https://www.jmp.com/
• Anwar, Z., Irshad, M., Mahmood, Q., Hafeez, F., ve Bilal, M. 2017. Nutrient uptake and growth of spinach as affected by cow manure co-composted with poplar leaf litter. Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult, 6:79–88.
• Argenta, G., Silva, P.R.F., Sangoi, L. 2004. Leaf relative chlorophyll content as an indicator parameter to predict nitrogen fertilization in maize. Ciência Rural, 34(5):1379- 1387.
• Aşık, B. B., ve Dorak, S. 2018. Agricultural characteristics of sugar factory waste products. Agricultural Science and Technology, 10(3): 257-261. Doi: 10.15547/ast.2018.03.049
• Aydeniz, A. 1985. Toprağa katılan değişik oranlardaki Na2CO3’ın mısırın tepe ve kök gelişimine etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No: 928, Ankara.
• Aziz, T., Ullah, S., Sattar, A., Nasim, M., Farooq, M., ve Khan, M. M. 2010. Nutrient Availability and Maize (Zea mays) Growth in Soil Amended with Organic Manures. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12(4): 621-624. Doi: 10–070/RAS/2010/12–4–621–624
• Bashir, K. A., Muhammad, A.Y., Muhammad, A., ve Sada, S. M. 2022. Comparing the efficacy of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) plant. Journal of Agricultural Research Pesticides and Biofertilizers, 3 (3): 1-5. Doi: http;//doi.org/01.2022/1.1058
• Belew, A. A. 2022. Role of lime and compost on soil properties and yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in acidic soil of Ethiopia: A Review, International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 9 (10): 24-37. Doi: 10.22192/ijarbs
• Bhatti, S. M., Kandhro, M. A., Bughio, Z. R., Rajpar, I., Shah, J. A., Lund, M. M., Maitlo, H., ve Bughio, H. R. 2021. Relative performance of various composts and NPK fertilizer on upgrowth and quality of fodder maize. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 10: 449-458. Doi: 10.30486/IJROWA.2021.1927035.1235
• Bouyoucos, G. H. 1951. A recalibration of the hydrometer for making mechanical analysis of soils. Journal of Agronomy, 43: 434-438.
• Bremner, J. M. 1965. Total nitrogen: Methods of soil analysis, Part 2., Ed.: Black, C. A., American Soc. Ag. Inc. Pub. Agronomy Series, No.9, Madison, Wisconsin, pp: 1149-1178.
• Chung, J. B., ve Choi, H.Y. 2006. Content and availability of micronutrients in manure-based composts. Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer. 39(4): 230-236.
• Eghball, B., D. Ginting, ve Gilley, J. E. 2004. Residual effects of manure and compost on corn production and soil properties. Agronomy Journal, 96: 442-447 http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/biosysengfacpub/14
• Ernani P. R., Almeida, J. A., ve Santos, F. C. 2007. Potasyum: Toprak verimliliği, Ed.: Novais, R. F., Alvarez, V. V. H., Barros, N. F., Fontes, R. L., Cantarutti, R. B., Neves, J. C. L., Viçosa, M.G., Brezilya Ulusal Toprak Bilimi, pp:551-594 (Portekizce)
• FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations). 1990. Micronutrient. Assessment at the Country Level: An International Study. FAO, Soil Bulletin by Mikko Sillanpaa. Rome.
• FAO, 2008. Guide to Laboratory Establishment for Plant Nutrient Analysis. FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition Bulletin 19 (Eds. M. R. Motsara, R. N. Roy), Rome. ISBN 978–92–5–10598. https://jardindemaud.fr/pdf/MotsaraMRetal.pdf
• FAO. 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
• Furukawa, Y., ve Hasegawa, H. 2006. Response of Spinach and Komatsuna to Biogas Effluent Made from Source-Separated Kitchen Garbage. J. Environ. Qual., 35: 1939–1947.
• Galvão, S. R. S., ve Salcedo, I. H. 2009. Soil Phosphorus Fractions in Sandy Soils Amended with Cattle Manure for Long Periods. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 33(3): 613-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-06832009000300014
• Gezahegn, A. M. 2021. Effect of organic fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L.) production and soil physical and chemical properties. World Applied Sciences Journal, 39 (1): 111-19. Doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2021.11.19
• Ghinea, C., ve Leahu, A. 2020. Monitoring of Fruit and Vegetable Waste Composting Process: Relationship between Microorganisms and Physico-Chemical Parameters. Processes, 8, 302.
• Giménez, A., Gómez, P. Á., Bustamante, M. A., Pérez-Murcia, M. D., Martínez-Sabater, E., Ros, M., Pascual, J.A., Egea-Gilabert, C., ve Fernández, J. A. 2021. Effect of Compost Extract Addition to Different Types of Fertilizers on Quality at Harvest and Shelf Life of Spinach. Agronomy, 11: 632.
• Gondek, M., Weindorf, D. C., Thiel, C., ve Kleinheinz, G. 2020. Soluble Salts in Compost and Their Effects on Soil and Plants: A Review. Compost Science and Utilization. 28 (2): 59-75. Doi: 10.1080/1065657X.2020.1772906
• Gülser, C., Z. Demir, ve Ic, S. 2010. Changes in some soil properties at different incubation periods after tobacco waste application. Journal of Environmental Biology, 31(5): 671-674.
• Hafid, H. S., Rahman, N. A. A., Shah, U. K. M., Baharuddin, A. S., ve Ariff, A. B. 2017. Feasibility of using kitchen waste as future substrate for bioethanol production: a review. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 74: 671–686.
• Hernandez, T., J. G., Berlanga, I., Tormos, ve Garcia, C. 2021. Organic versus inorganic fertilizers: response soil properties and crop yield. AIMS Geosciences, 7(3): 415-439. Doi: 10.3934/geosci.2021024
• Iglesias-Jiménez, E. 1996. City refuse compost as a source of micronutrients for plants: Fertilizers and Environmaent, Eds.; Rodriguez-Barrueco, C., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp: 517-521.
• Irshad, M., Gul, S., Egrinya Eneji, A., Anwar, Z., ve Ashraf, M. 2014. Extraction of Heavy Metals from Manure and Their Bioavailability to Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) After Composting. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37:1661-1675.
• Jackson, M. L. 1958. Soil chemical analysis, 38–226. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall Inc.
• Jakhro, M. I., Shah, S. I., Zehri, M. Y., Rahujo, Z. A., Ahmed, S., Ahmed, S., ve Jakhro, M. A. 2017. Growth and Yield of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Under Fluctuating Levels of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers. International Journal of Development Research, 7(2):11454-11460.
• Kacar, B. 2009. Toprak Analizleri. Nobel Yayın No. 1387. Ankara, Turkiye.
• Kacar, B., ve İnal, A. 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın No. 892. Ankara, Turkiye.
• Kacar, B., ve Kütük, C. 2010. Gübre Analizleri. Nobel Akademi Yayın, Ankara. 372 p.
• Kadir, A. A., Azhai, N.W., ve Jamaludin, S. N. 2016. An Overview of Organic Waste in Composting. MATEC Web of Conferences, 47, 05025.
• Kelley, A. J., Campbell, D. N., Wilkie, A. C., ve Maltais-Landry, G. 2022. Compost Composition and Application Rate Have a Greater Impact on Spinach Yield and Soil Fertility Benefits Than Feedstock Origin. Horticulturae, 8: 688.
• Lindsay, W. L., ve Norvell, W. A. 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42:421–28. Doi:10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x.
• Machado, R. M. A., Alves-Pereira, I., Lourenco, D., ve Ferreira, R. M. A. 2020. Effect of organic compost and inorganic nitrogen fertigation on spinach growth, phytochemical accumulation and antioxidant activity. Heliyon, 6, e05085.
• Mahmood, F., Khan, I., Ashraf, U., Shahzad, T., Hussain, S., Shahid, M., Abid, M., ve Ullah, S. 2017. Effects of organic and inorganic manures on maize and their residual impact on soil physico-chemical properties. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 17 (1): 22-32.
• Marinari, S., Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B., ve Grero, S. 2000. Influence of organic and mineral fertilizers on soil biological and physical properties. Bioresour Teclnol, 72: 9-17.
• Masowa, M. M., Kutu, F. R., Shange, P. L., Mulidzi, R., ve Vanassche, M. G. 2016. The effect of winery solid waste compost application on maize growth, biomass yield, and nutrient content under greenhouse conditions. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62 (8): 1082-1094.
• Oliveira, F. F., Salcedo, I. H., ve Galvão, S. R. S. 2011. Kumlu topraklarda patateslerin organik ve inorganik gübrelenmesi: verimlilik, bitki besin maddeleri ve yıkanma. Rev Bras Eng Agric Amb.,15:1228-1234. Doi:10.1590/S1415-43662011001200003 (Portekizce)
• Olsen, S. R., ve Dean, L. A. 1965. Phosphorus: Methods of soil analysis. Part II, Ed.: Black, C. A., American Society of Agronomy Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, pp: 1035–1049.
• Özdemir, N., Gülser, C., Ekberli, İ., ve Özkaptan, S. 2005. Toprak Düzenleyicilerinin Asit Toprakta Strüktürel Dayanıklılığa Etkisi. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 36 (2), 151-156.
• Pizer, N. H. 1967. Some advisory aspects, soil potassium and magnesium. Tech. Bull. No: 14:184.
• Pratt, P. F. 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2. Chemical and Microbiolojical Properties. Ed.: Black, C. A., Amer. Soc. Agr. Inc. Publisher Agronomy Series, 9: 999-1034.
• Rahman, H., ve Akter, A. 2017. Effect of Kitchen Waste Compost and Vermi-Compost in Combination with Chemical Fertilizer on the Production of Tomato. Research and Reviews: Journal of Crop Science and Technology, 6 (3): 15-24.
• Reis, M., Coelho, L., Beltrão, J., Domingos, I., ve Moura, M. 2014. Comparative effects of inorganic and organic compost fertilization on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Internatıonal Journal of Energy and Envıronment, 8: 137-146.
• Reynolds, W. D., Drury, C. F., Tan, C. S., ve Yanng, X. M. 2015. Temporal effects of food waste compost on soil physical quality and productivity. Can. J. Soil Sci., 95: 251-268. Doi:10.4141/CJSS-2014-114
• Richards, L. A. 1954. Diagnosis and improvements of saline and aklali soils. In: Agriculture Handbook. No: 60, 160 p
• Rhoades, J. D. 1982. Soluble Salts. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: In Chemical and Microbiological Properties, ed A. L. Page, 167-178. American Society of Agriculture Inc. Publication, Agronomy Series, No.9, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
• Sanni, K. O. 2016. Effect of compost, cow dung and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer on growth and yield performance of Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus). International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research, 2 (3): 76-82.
• Sigaye, M. H., R., Mekuria, K., Kebede, A., Nigussei, ve Lulie, B. 2021. Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and soil fertility in Andisols soil of Sidama, Ethiopia. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 11 (1):10-18.
• Souza, H. A., Melo, M. D., Primo, A. A., Vieira, L.V., Pompeu, R.C.F.F., Guedes, F. L., ve Natale, W. 2016. Use of organic compost containing waste from small ruminants in corn production. Revista Brasileria de Ciencia do Solo. 40: e0150385. Doi: 10.1590/18069657rbcs20150385
• Swift, R. S., Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., ve Sumner, M. E. 1996. Organic matter characterization. Methods of soil analysis. Part 3-chemical methods, pp: 1011-1069.
• Thapa, P., Shrestha, R. K., Kafle, K., ve Shrestha, J. 2021. Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Farmyard Manure on The Growth and Yield of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, 2: 335-340.
• Tan, K. H. 2005. Soil Sampling, Preparation, and Analysis. 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, Boca Raton, 623p
• Ülgen, N., ve Yurtsever, N. 1988. Fertilizer and fertilization guide of Turkiye. Publications of the Directorate of Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute; general publication no: 151. technical publication no: T-59. Web: https://kutuphane.tarimorman.gov.tr
• USDA. 2013. U.S. dept. of agriculture soil taxonomy. Accessed November 14, 2013. http://www.soils.usda.gov/tecnical/ classification/osd/index.html
• Voběrková, S., Maxianová, A., Schlosserová, N., Adamcová, D., Vršanská, M., Richtera, L., Gagić, M., Zloch, J., ve Vaverková, M. D. 2020. Food waste composting - Is it really so simple as stated in scientific literature? – A case study. Science of the Total Environment, 723, 138202.
• Walkley, A., ve Black, L. A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining soils organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37:29–38. Doi:10.1097/00010694- 193401000-00003.
• Yağmur, B., Okur, B. 2018. Bazı Doğal Toprak Düzenleyicilerin Mısır (Zea Mays L.) Bitkisinin Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkileri. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 55(4): 471-477. Doi: 10.20289/zfdergi.419225
• Yang, F., Li, Y., Han, Y., Qian, W., Li, G., ve Lua, W. 2019. Performance of mature compost to control gaseous emissions in kitchen waste composting. Science of the Total Environment, 657: 262-269.
• Yusheng, Q., Shihua, T., Wenqiang, F., Xifa, S., ve Qingrui, C. 2005. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yields and nitrate accumulation of vegetables, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan A. A. S., Plant Nutrition and Fertitizer Science, 11(5): 670-674.