Yerli Bermuda Çimi ‘Survivor’ın Kuraklık Dayanımı ve Çim Performansı

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 34 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 303 - 318, 30.09.2020

Songül Mutlu

Öz

Türler arası melezleme ile geliştirilmiş hibrit Bermuda çimleri [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. xC. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] üstün çim karakteristikleri nedeniyle tropikal ve subtropikal iklim bölgelerindeki yeşil alanlarda yaygın kullanılmaktadırlar. Türkiye Bermuda çiminin genetik çeşitlilik merkezi içindedir. Akdeniz bölgesi’nden toplanan Bermuda genotipleri yüksek kuraklık dayanımına sahip kaliteli hibrit Bermuda çimi çeşit adaylarının geliştirilmesi açısından büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Akdeniz Üniversitesinde türler arası melezleme yöntemiyle geliştirilen vejatatif tip hibrit Bermuda çimi ‘Survivor’ın genel çim performansını ve kuraklık dayanımını ülkemizde de ticarete konu olan ticari çeşit ‘Tifway’ ile karşılaştırarak ortaya koymaktır. Türkiye’nin ilk hibrit Bermuda çeşidi ‘Survivor’ ve çalışmada kontrol olarak kullanılan ticari çeşit ‘Tifway’ klonal olarak çoğaltılarak 2017 yılında araziye aktarılmıştır. Deneme, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde ve üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Arazi koşullarında çeşitlerin dikim sonrası alan kaplama oranı (tesis olma hızı), stolon ve yaprak özellikleri, çim kalitesi ve rengi, ilkbaharda yeşillenme ve sonbahar kış dönemi yeşil rengini koruyabilme özellikleri 2017-2019 yılları arasında değerlendirilmiştir. Arazide tesis olduktan bir yıl sonra ise çeşitlere 60 gün boyunca kuraklık stresi uygulanmış ve ardından normal sulama rejimine geçilerek kendilerini yenilemelerine izin verilmiştir. Kuraklık stresi boyunca yaprak yanma oranı, klorofil içerikleri, kanopi sıcaklığı, çim kalite ve rengindeki değişim takip edilerek kuraklık dayanımları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre ‘Survivor’ ort 8.1 skala değeriyle kontrol olarak kullanılan ‘Tifway’ den (ort. 7.5) daha üstün çim kalitesi ve daha koyu yeşil bir çim rengine sahiptir. ‘Survivor’ çeşidinin sonbahar-kış döneminde yeşil rengini daha uzun süre koruduğu ve ilkbaharda da daha erken yeşillenerek daha kısa bir dormansi periyoduna sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kuraklık sonrası kendini çok daha hızlı yenileyen ‘Survivor’, kuraklık stresi altında da daha uzun süre yeşil dokusunu ve kalitesini koruyarak kuraklık stresinden daha az etkilendiğini ortaya koymuştur. Üstün çim performansına sahip ‘Survivor’ Akdeniz iklim kuşağında sürdürülebilir yeşil alanların oluşturulması için kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon transvaalensis, kuraklık stresi, Tifway

Drought Resistance and Turf performance of ‘Survivor’: Turkish Hybrid Bermudagrass Cultivar

Öz

Interspecific hybrid Bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. X C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] are widely utilized turfgrasses due to improved turf characteristics throughout tropical and subtropical climates. Turkey is within the center of diversity of Bermudagrass. The accessions collected from the region possess great potential for development of hybrid Bermudagrasses with high drought resistance and acceptable turfgrass performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the new e interspecific hybrid Bermudagrass cultivar ‘Survivor’ developed by Akdeniz University in comparison to widely used commercially available ‘Tifway’ for turfgrass performance and drought resistance.The hybrid Bermudagrass cultivar ‘Survivor’, developed via interspecific cross between C. dactylon and C. transvaalensis, was clonally propagated and transplanted into field along with commercial Bermudagrass cultivar ‘Tifway’ in July 2017 at the Akdeniz University, Antalya-Turkey. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Establishment rate, stolon and leaf characteristics, quality, color, spring green-up and fall color retention were recorded during the course of the study (2017-2019).One year after establishment, the turfs were subjected to drought stress for 60 days, which was followed by resumption of irrigation for recovery of the turf. Percentage of leaf firing, chlorophyll content, canopy temperature, and turfgrass quality and color under drought stress, and post-drought stress recovery were recorded. The ‘Survivor’ provided darker green color and significantly better summer quality (ave. 8.1) than ‘Tifway’ (7.5).Overall, the ‘Survivor’ presented better fall color retention and earlier spring green-up than ‘Tifway’. Survivor possessed higher drought resistance as evidenced by higher turfgrass quality and green color under drought stress and faster recovery after drought stress. The new cultivar has superior turf characteristics that may offer a sustainable turf under Mediterranean climates.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cynodon dactylon, Cynodon transvaalensis, drought stress, Tifway

Kaynakça

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