Soğuk Plazma Teknolojisi ve Tarımdaki Çeşitli Uygulama Alanları

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 35 Sayı: 1, 217 - 245, 01.06.2021

Hacer Kandemir , Fulya Aydın , Begüm Güler , Aynur Gürel

Öz

Maddenin katı, sıvı ve gaz halinden farklı, kendine özgü özellikleri ile uzun zamandır kullanılan plazma
terimi, kısaca “iyonize olmuş gaz” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bir gazın ısıltılmaya devam etmesi sonucunda
gerçekleşen sıralı reaksiyonlar ile oluşan iyon, elektron ve nötr atom karışımı, plazmanın temel bileşenlerini
oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca plazma içerisinde; fotonlar, elektronlar, serbest radikaller ve nötral atomların yanısıra
kovalent bağları parçalamakla görevli, yeterli elektrik enerjisine sahip reaktif türler de bulunmaktadır. Plazma
sistemleri; termodinamik özelliklerine (yüksek ve düşük sıcaklık) ve çalışma basınçlarına (düşük basınç ve
atmosferik basınç) göre sınıflandırılmaktadır. Düşük sıcaklık plazmaları arasında en yeni teknolojilerden olan
soğuk plazma teknolojisi; belirli bir vakum altında ve oda sıcaklığında bulunan gazların, belirli bir elektrik akımı veya elektromanyetik radyasyon uygulaması sonucunda oluşturulan plazma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Soğuk plazma; etki mekanizmalarının çeşitliliği ve diğer teknolojiler ile birleştirilebilmesini sağlayan uygulama esnekliği sayesinde, doğa ve yaşam bilimleri için yenilikçi, çevre dostu ve ekonomik çözümlerin sunulmasında zengin bir biyoteknolojik kaynaktır. Özellikle son yirmi yıldır soğuk plazma teknolojisi, etki mekanizmasını oluşturan reaktif türlerin biyolojik sistemlerle etkileşime geçebilmesinden dolayı tıp, medikal, çevre, tarım ve gıda gibi alanlarda karşılaşılan problemler için alternatif çözüm önerileri sunmaktadır. Gerçekleştirilen bu derlemede, soğuk plazma teknolojisinin tarım ve bitkisel uygulama olanlarından olan tohum çimlenmesi, tohum dekontaminasyonu, toprak zenginleştirilmesi ve plazma aktif su konuları üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır ve ayrıca in vitro koşullarda bitkisel materyal üzerine olan etkilerinden de bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Soğuk plazma teknolojisi, bitki, tarım, in vitro

Cold Plasma Technology and Various Applications Areas In Plants

Öz

Different from the solid, liquid and gaseous state of the matter, the term plasma, which has been used
for a long time by its unique properties, is briefly defined as “ionized gas”. The mixture of ions, electrons and
neutral atoms formed by sequential reactions that occur as a result of the heating of a gas constitutes the basic components of the plasma. There are also photons, electrons, free radicals and neutral atoms in the plasma, as well as reactive species with sufficient electrical energy, which are responsible for breaking down covalent bonds. Plasma systems; thermodynamic properties (high temperature and low temperature) and operating pressures (low pressure and atmospheric pressure). Cold plasma technology, one of the newest technologies among low temperature plasmas; is defined as the plasma produced by the application of a certain electric current or electromagnetic radiation of gases present under a certain vacuum and at room temperature. Cold plasma; It is a generous biotechnological resource in the provision of innovative, environmentally friendly and economical solutions for the natural and life sciences, thanks to the variety of its mechanisms of action and its flexibility in application which allows it to be combined with other technologies. Especially in the last two decades, cold plasma technology offers alternative solutions for problems encountered in medicine, medical, environment, agriculture and food, because of reactive species that make up the mechanism of action can interact with biological systems. In this review, agricultural applications of cold plasma, seed germination and seed decontamination, soil enrichment, plasma active water applications and also effects of plasma on plant material in vitro are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cold plasma technology, Plant, Agriculture, In vitro

Kaynakça

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