Tuzak Bitkilerin Kök-ur Nematodları ile Mücadelede Kullanım Potansiyelleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 1, 155 - 182, 01.06.2023

Gökhan Aydınlı , Esra Çaltepe , Sevilhan Mennan

https://doi.org/10.20479/bursauludagziraat.1115871

Öz

Nematolojik açıdan tuzak bitki uygulamaları, topraktaki nematod populasyonunu baskılamak amacıyla
uygulanabilecek bitki temelli stratejilerden biridir. Tuzak bitkilerin temel felsefesi, nematodu kendine çekerek,
belli bir alanda toplaması ve toplu olarak kolayca imha edilmesine imkan vermesidir. Böylece tuzak bitkiler,
hedef ana ürün bitkisini nematod saldırısından korumak, zararlının bu bitkilere ulaşmasını önlemek veya
zararlıyı kendine çekerek ekonomik olarak yok edilebilecekleri şekilde yoğunlaştırmak amacıyla yetiştirilirler.
Tuzak bitkilerin, zararlıyı belli bir alanda toplama etkisinin yanında, zararlıya olumsuz etkiler göstermesi
durumunda; bu tip bitkiler ingilizcede “dead-end” yani “çıkmaz sokak” olarak nitelendirilirler. Her ne kadar,
nematodlar için tuzak bitki olarak bilinen bitki sayısı sınırlı olsa da, nematodun konukçusu ile olan beslenme
davranışı da dikkate alındığında, hassas bitkilerin bile tuzaklama amacıyla kullanılabilecek potansiyelde olması,
bu uygulamanın bir mücadele stratejisi olarak kullanılabilme potansiyelini artırmaktadır. Tuzak bitkilerin ana
ürün bitkileri arasında kısa süreli yetiştirilmesiyle, üretim yapılan alandaki nematod populasyonunun etkili bir
şekilde azaldığı ve kendinden sonra yetiştirilen bitkide, belirgin verim artışı sağlandığı bilinmektedir. Ayrıca,
kimyasal kullanımının da azalmasına katkı sağlayan bu yaklaşımlar, hem ekonomik olarak daha karlı hem de
çevre ve insan sağlığı için güvenli ve sürdürülebilir bir üretimin gerçekleştirilebilmesini sağlamaktadır. Bu
nedenle, kök-ur nematodları ile mücadelede tuzak bitkilerin kullanımının ele alındığı çalışmada, tuzaklama stratejileri açıklanmaya çalışılarak, tuzaklama uygulamasını destekleyici stratejiler, günümüze değin yapılan
örneklerle derlenerek özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kök-ur nematodları, tuzak bitkiler, entegre mücadele, Bitki paraziti nematodlar

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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The Potentials of Trap Crops for the Control of Root-Knot Nematodes

Öz

Trap plant strategies are one of the plant-based strategies that can be applied to suppress the nematode population in the soil from a nematological point of view. In trapping strategies, the parasitic relationship between the nematode and its host is critical. Although the use of trap plants varies depending on the characteristics of the plant used as a trap plant and the time of destruction, it can be in single rows, multiple rows, or irregular distribution, or grown before the main crop, usually intercropping. Although the number of plants known as trap plants for nematodes is limited, considering the feeding behavior of the nematode with its host, the potential to be used for trapping even sensitive plants increases the potential of this application as a control strategy. It is known, in particular, that short-term cultivation of trap plants among sensitive plants effectively reduces the nematode population in the production area and results in a significant increase in yield in the plant grown after it. Furthermore, these approaches that contribute to reduced chemical use ensure both economically more profitable production as well as safe and sustainable production for the environment and human health. As a result, in this study, which discusses the use of trap plants in the control of root-knot nematodes, first a brief description of the biology of the root-knot nematode was given, followed by an explanation of its relationship with nematode biology and trapping strategies. Trapping can be applied in two ways: applications that use plants with trapping properties, applications that use sensitive plants as traps, and strategies to support trapping application that are summarized by compiling examples made to date.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Root-knot nematodes, trap crops, integrated management, Plant-parasitic nematodes

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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