AN OVERVIEW OF THE FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ANXIETY AND FEAR

Öz

This study aims to give general information about the functions of anxiety and fear from the perspective of psychology. In this direction, the functions of fear and anxiety are discussed in terms of cognitive, social, and pathological aspects. From a cognitive perspective, it has been shown that anxiety and fear are associated with cognitive performance. In particular, it is noteworthy that anxiety narrows attention, but fear helps to direct attention. Anxiety and fear are socially effective in many aspects of people's lives. It is reported to have both functional and non-functional sides. Anxiety and fear seem necessary, functional, and valuable in many parts of daily life. However, it can be said that long-term, frequent and intense anxiety and fear, which differs from ordinary anxiety or fear in everyday life and causes deterioration in important functional areas, causes intense stress and turns into a clinically significant and pathological dimension. Therefore, it is thought that it is important that the level, intensity, and frequency of these emotions are at a certain level and that they do not impair functionality.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Emotion
• Anxiety
• Fear
• Cognitive
• Social
• Psychopathology

KAYGI VE KORKUNUN İŞLEVSEL OLAN VE OLMAYAN TARAFLARINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Öz

Bu doğrultuda korkunun ve kaygının işlevleri bilişsel, sosyal ve patolojik açıdan ele alınmıştır. Bilişsel açıdan dikkate alındığında, kaygı ve korkunun bilişsel performans ile ilişkisinin olduğu gösterilmiştir. Özellikle kaygının dikkati daralttığı; ancak korkunun ise dikkati yönlendirmeye yardımcı olduğu dikkat çekmektedir. Kaygı ve korku sosyal açıdan kişilerin hayatında birçok yönden etkili olmaktadır. Hem işlevsel ve hem de işlevsel olmayan taraflarının olduğu bildirilmektedir. Aslında kaygı ve korkunun birçok açıdan günlük yaşamda gerekli, işlevsel ve değerli olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak günlük hayattaki olağan kaygı veya korkudan farklılaşarak, önemli işlevsellik alanlarında bozulmalara yol açan uzun süreli, sık ve yoğun yaşanan kaygı ve/veya korkunun yoğun strese sebebiyet vererek klinik düzeyde anlamlı, patolojik boyuta dönüştüğü söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla bu duyguların düzeyinin, yoğunluğunun ve sıklığının belirli bir düzeyde olmasının ve işlevselliği bozmamasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Duygu
• Kaygı
• Korku
• Bilişsel
• Sosyal
• Psikopatoloji

Kaynakça

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