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SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE

Sayı: 32 30 Ekim 2026
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SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE

Öz

Network neuroscience explains the function of a neural region by its position within a connectome rather than by its intrinsic properties. This paper argues that this explanatory practice is tacitly committed to a relational ontology: the thesis that a neural system's properties are constituted by, not merely correlated with, the relations among its parts, which the science relies on but does not articulate. Spinoza’s theory of modes, I argue, articulates and defends precisely this ontology: on Spinoza’s account, a finite mode is individuated by its place within the causal order rather than by any relation-independent essence, so that the notion of a part with a fixed nature “prior to” its relations is incoherent. The relation between the two is therefore not an analogy but an articulation: neuroscience presupposes an individuation-by-relation ontology, which Spinoza states and defends. After distinguishing three Spinozan relations (inherence, causal determination, individuation) and locating the argument within current Spinoza scholarship, the paper defends the move from methodological to ontological relationalism against three objections and reads connectome, neuroplasticity, and affect as instances of the single thesis. The result is modest yet twofold: neuroscience gains an explicit ontological rationale for its relational explanations, and Spinoza's contested relational individuation acquires a concrete case in which it performs substantive explanatory work.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Aslan, S., & Akşit, M. (2026). Varlığın eşiğinde ölüm: Ruh–beden gerilimi üzerine felsefî bir soruşturma. Mukaddime, 17(Ölüm Mefhumu), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.19059/mukaddime.1930518
  2. Azak, M. (2022). Keşif tabloları düşüncesi bağlamında Francis Bacon'ın tümevarım yönteminin işleyişi. Dört Öge, (22), 119–137.
  3. Barabási, A.-L., Gulbahce, N., & Loscalzo, J. (2011). Network medicine: A network-based approach to human disease. Nature Reviews Genetics, 12(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2918
  4. Bassett, D. S., & Bullmore, E. (2006). Small-world brain networks. The Neuroscientist, 12(6), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858406293182
  5. Bassett, D. S., & Sporns, O. (2017). Network neuroscience. Nature Neuroscience, 20(3), 353–364. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4502
  6. Capra, F. (1996). The Web of Life: A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems. Anchor Books.
  7. Damasio, A. (2003). Looking for Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow, and the Feeling Brain. Harcourt.
  8. Della Rocca, M. (2008). Spinoza. Routledge.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Zihin Felsefesi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

26 Temmuz 2026

Kabul Tarihi

13 Ekim 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 32

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gültekin, A. (2026). SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32, 231-240. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.2003787
AMA
1.Gültekin A. SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE. BUSBED. 2026;(32):231-240. doi:10.29029/busbed.2003787
Chicago
Gültekin, Abdurrazak. 2026. “SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy 32: 231-40. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.2003787.
EndNote
Gültekin A (01 Ekim 2026) SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 32 231–240.
IEEE
[1]A. Gültekin, “SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE”, BUSBED, sy 32, ss. 231–240, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.29029/busbed.2003787.
ISNAD
Gültekin, Abdurrazak. “SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 32 (01 Ekim 2026): 231-240. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.2003787.
JAMA
1.Gültekin A. SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE. BUSBED. 2026;:231–240.
MLA
Gültekin, Abdurrazak. “SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE”. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy 32, Ekim 2026, ss. 231-40, doi:10.29029/busbed.2003787.
Vancouver
1.Abdurrazak Gültekin. SPINOZA’S THEORY OF MODES AND THE RELATIONAL ONTOLOGY OF NETWORK NEUROSCIENCE. BUSBED. 01 Ekim 2026;(32):231-40. doi:10.29029/busbed.2003787