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WOOLF, SARTRE, ADORNO VE CALVİNO BAKIŞ AÇISINDAN EDEBİYAT VE BAĞLILIK

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 29, 111 - 119, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1581361

Öz

Edebiyat dünyası, edebiyatın doğası ve amacı hakkındaki tartışmalarla uzun zamandır kutuplaşmış durumdadır. Dolayısıyla kaçınılmaz olarak şu soru ortaya çıkmaktadır: “Edebiyat hangi yüksek amaç için vardır?” Sanat toplum içindir savunucuları, edebiyatın toplumsal olarak biçimlendirici işlevini vurgularken sanat sanat içindir savunucuları, sanatın veya daha spesifik olarak edebiyatın herhangi bir toplumsal amaca hizmet etmesi gerekmediğini ve kendi gerçekliğini yaratması gerektiğini savunur. Edebiyatın doğası ve amacı hakkındaki ikilik, modernizm çağında daha da artmış ve edebiyatta bağlılık ve özerklik tartışmasına evrilmiştir. Edebiyat ve bağlılık konusu, özellikle 20. yüzyılın önemli düşünürleri ve yazarları tarafından farklı bakış açılarından ele alınmıştır. Virginia Woolf, Theodor Adorno, Jean-Paul Sartre ve Italo Calvino gibi yazarlar edebiyat ve toplum arasındaki ilişkiyi, edebiyatın toplumsal rolünü ve sanatın özerkliğini tartışmışlardır. Her biri edebiyatın konumunu ve sanatçıların bağlılıklarının sınırlarını farklı şekillerde incelemiş ve dönemin sosyal ve politik şartlarına göre farklı duruşlar sergilemiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, Virginia Woolf, Jean Paul Sartre, Theodor Adorno ve Italo Calvino’nun birtakım eserlerinden hareketle, bağlılık ve özerklik kavramlarını incelemek ve her yazarın bağlılık ve özerklik kavramlarına ilişkin görüş ve kaygılarını ortaya koymaya çalışmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T. (1990). Commitment. In D. Walder (Ed.), Literature in the modern world (pp.89-99). Oxford University Press.
  • Adorno, T. (1997). Aesthetic theory (2nd ed.). Continuum, London.
  • Aronson, R. (2005, June 22). Meanwhile: Jean-Paul Sartre at 100: Still troubling us today. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/22/opinion/meanwhile-jeanpaul-sartre-at-100-still-troubling-us-today.html
  • Bal, M. (2019). Sartre’ın Varoluşçu Felsefesi ve Dava Edebiyatı Teorisi. Felsefe Arşivi, Sayı: 50, 17-29. DOI :10.26650/arcp2019-589759
  • Besnault-Levita, A. (2010). Criticism, New Criticism and Virginia Woolf’s Critical Commitment. Present Perfect, 5, 93-104. DOI:10.4000/books.pulm.14488
  • Burns, J. (2000). Telling Tales about “Impegno”: Commitment and Hindsight in Vittorini and Calvino. Modern Humanities Research Association, 95, 992-1006. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3736629
  • Calvino, I. (1990). Right or wrong political uses of literature. In D. Walder (Ed.), Literature in the modern world (pp. 99-105). Oxford University Press.
  • Gablik, S. (1984). Has modernism failed? (1st ed.). New York: Thames and Hudson.
  • Hunter, G. F. (1985). Commitment and autonomy in art. Berkeley Journal of Sociology. 30, 41-64. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41035343
  • Petsche, J. (2012). The importance of being autonomous: Toward a Marxist defense of art for art’s sake. Mediations: Journal of the Marxist Literary Group, 26(1-2), 143–158. .https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/the-importance-of-being-autonomous
  • Re, L. (1990). Calvino and the age of neorealism: Fables of estrangement. (1st ed.). Stanford University Press.
  • Sartre, J. P. (1949). What is literature? (1st ed.). Philosophical Library.
  • Sartre, J. P. (1989). Existentialism is a humanism. In W. Kaufman (Ed.), Existentialism from Dostoyevsky to Sartre (pp. 343-384). Meridian Publishing Company.
  • Woolf, V. (1929). A Room of One’s Own (1st ed.). The Hogarth Press.
  • Woolf, V. (1947). The artist and politics. In L. Woolf (Ed.), The moment and other essays (pp. 180-183). The Hogarth Press.
  • Woolf, V. (1947). The leaning tower. In L. Woolf (Ed.), The moment and other essays (pp. 105-126). The Hogarth Press.
  • Woolf, V. (2017). Life and the novelist. In L. Woolf (Ed.), The art and fiction (pp.131-136). The Hogarth Press.

LITERATURE AND COMMITMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WOOLF, SARTRE, ADORNO, CALVINO

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 29, 111 - 119, 30.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1581361

Öz

The literary world has long been polarized by the debates concerning the very nature and purpose of literature. The question inevitably arises: “For what higher purpose does literature possibly exist?” The proponents of art for society’s sake emphasize the socially formative function of literature, while those in defence of art for art’s sake argue that art or, more specifically, literature does not need to serve any social purpose and should create its own reality. The dichotomy over the nature and purpose of literature is even heightened in the age of modernism and is further expanded to the discussion of commitment and autonomy in literature. The subject of literature and commitment has been addressed from different perspectives, especially by the important thinkers and writers of the 20th century. Figures such as Virginia Woolf, Theodor Adorno, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Italo Calvino discussed the relationship between literature and society, the social roles of literature, and the freedom of art. Each defined the position of literature and the limits of artists’ commitments differently and adopted different stances according to the social and political conditions of the period. This paper examines the concepts of commitment and autonomy within the several works of Virginia Woolf, Jean-Paul Sartre, Theodor Adorno, and Italo Calvino and attempts to illustrate the views and concerns of each writer on the concepts of commitment and autonomy.

Kaynakça

  • Adorno, T. (1990). Commitment. In D. Walder (Ed.), Literature in the modern world (pp.89-99). Oxford University Press.
  • Adorno, T. (1997). Aesthetic theory (2nd ed.). Continuum, London.
  • Aronson, R. (2005, June 22). Meanwhile: Jean-Paul Sartre at 100: Still troubling us today. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/22/opinion/meanwhile-jeanpaul-sartre-at-100-still-troubling-us-today.html
  • Bal, M. (2019). Sartre’ın Varoluşçu Felsefesi ve Dava Edebiyatı Teorisi. Felsefe Arşivi, Sayı: 50, 17-29. DOI :10.26650/arcp2019-589759
  • Besnault-Levita, A. (2010). Criticism, New Criticism and Virginia Woolf’s Critical Commitment. Present Perfect, 5, 93-104. DOI:10.4000/books.pulm.14488
  • Burns, J. (2000). Telling Tales about “Impegno”: Commitment and Hindsight in Vittorini and Calvino. Modern Humanities Research Association, 95, 992-1006. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3736629
  • Calvino, I. (1990). Right or wrong political uses of literature. In D. Walder (Ed.), Literature in the modern world (pp. 99-105). Oxford University Press.
  • Gablik, S. (1984). Has modernism failed? (1st ed.). New York: Thames and Hudson.
  • Hunter, G. F. (1985). Commitment and autonomy in art. Berkeley Journal of Sociology. 30, 41-64. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41035343
  • Petsche, J. (2012). The importance of being autonomous: Toward a Marxist defense of art for art’s sake. Mediations: Journal of the Marxist Literary Group, 26(1-2), 143–158. .https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/the-importance-of-being-autonomous
  • Re, L. (1990). Calvino and the age of neorealism: Fables of estrangement. (1st ed.). Stanford University Press.
  • Sartre, J. P. (1949). What is literature? (1st ed.). Philosophical Library.
  • Sartre, J. P. (1989). Existentialism is a humanism. In W. Kaufman (Ed.), Existentialism from Dostoyevsky to Sartre (pp. 343-384). Meridian Publishing Company.
  • Woolf, V. (1929). A Room of One’s Own (1st ed.). The Hogarth Press.
  • Woolf, V. (1947). The artist and politics. In L. Woolf (Ed.), The moment and other essays (pp. 180-183). The Hogarth Press.
  • Woolf, V. (1947). The leaning tower. In L. Woolf (Ed.), The moment and other essays (pp. 105-126). The Hogarth Press.
  • Woolf, V. (2017). Life and the novelist. In L. Woolf (Ed.), The art and fiction (pp.131-136). The Hogarth Press.
Toplam 17 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İngiliz ve İrlanda Dili, Edebiyatı ve Kültürü
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zehra Ekineker Güder 0009-0005-8022-7698

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Kasım 2024
Kabul Tarihi 15 Nisan 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 29

Kaynak Göster

APA Ekineker Güder, Z. (2025). LITERATURE AND COMMITMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF WOOLF, SARTRE, ADORNO, CALVINO. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(29), 111-119. https://doi.org/10.29029/busbed.1581361