Rüzgâr Türbinlerinde Kullanılan Elektrik Jeneratörlerinin Türlerini

Öz

Birçok ülkedeki aktif hükümet teşvik programları sayesinde yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elektrik üretimi önemli ölçüde arttır. Rüzgâr enerjisi, yenilenebilir enerjinin en verimli türlerinden biri olarak kabul edilir. Rüzgâr türbinlerinde çok çeşitli jeneratör tipleri kullanılabilir. Bu makale, rüzgâr enerjisinde kullanılan tüm elektrik jeneratörlerinin karşılaştırmalı bir analizini sunarak, bunun avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını belirlemektedir. Senkron jeneratörler, şebeke frekansında gerilim üreten düşük dönme senkron hızına sahip oldukları için değişken hızlı çalışma için iyi bir seçim olabilir. Kalıcı mıknatıslı senkron jeneratörler (PMSG) dişli kutusuna ihtiyaç duymazlar ancak PMSG büyük boyutlu olduğundan küçük rüzgâr türbinleri için uygun bir seçim olabilir. Şebeke tamamen ayrı olduğundan, değişken hızlı işlemler için uygun sincap kafesli endüksiyon jeneratörleri (SCIG). SCIG'lerin dezavantajlarından biri dişlilerin kaçınılmaz olmasıdır. Çift beslemeli endüksiyon jeneratörleri (DFIG) Önceki jeneratör tiplerine kıyasla mekanik tasarım ve elektriksel yapı olarak daha basittir, ancak dişli kutuları ve fırçalar hala gereklidir. DFIG'nin dezavantajlarını aşmak için, Fırçasız Çift Beslemeli Endüksiyon Jeneratörleri (BDFIG) akıllıca bir karar olarak düşünülebilir, çünkü BDFIG'de çift yönlü dönüştürücünün gücü düşüktür, ayrıca fırçaların olmaması periyodik bakım operasyonlarına olan ihtiyacı azaltır, ayrıca rüzgâr türbini için daha iyi bir yatırımdır. Bu araştırmada, endüksiyon makinelerinin çalışma modları incelenmiştir. Son olarak, her jeneratör tipinin avantajları ve dezavantajları özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asenkron Jeneratör
• Fırçasız Çift Beslemeli Asenkron Jeneratörü
• Çift Beslemeli Asenkron Jeneratörü
• Senkron Jeneratör

Study the Types of Electrical Generators Used in Wind Turbines

Öz

Generation of electricity from renewable sources has grown substantially owing to active governmental stimulation programs in many countries. Wind energy is considered one of the most efficient types of renewable energy. In wind turbines there are many types of generators can be used. This article presents a comparative analysis of all types of electrical generators that are used in wind energy in addition to determining advantages and disadvantages for it. Synchronous generators can be a good choice for variable speed operation since it has low rotational synchronous speed that produces the voltage at grid frequency. Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG) do not require gearbox but PMSG has a big size so it can be a suitable selection for small wind turbines. Squirrel cage induction generators (SCIG) suitable for variable speed operations since grid is absolutely decoupled. One of disadvantage of SCIG is that gears are unavoidable. Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) Compared with the earlier generator type it is simpler in mechanical design and electrical structure, but gearboxes and brushes are still essential. To over come disadvantages of DFIG, Brushless Doubly fed induction generators (BDFIG) be consider as a wise decision because of the power of bidirectional converter is low in BDFIG, in addition to absence of brushes which reduces needing for periodic maintenance operations, Moreover, better investment for the wind turbine. This research has studied modes of operation for induction machines. Finally, advantages and disadvantages for each type of generators are summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asynchronous Generator
• Brushless Doubly Fed Induction Generator
• Doubly Fed Induction Generator
• Synchronous Generator

Kaynakça

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