Türk Turizm Sektöründe Çalışma Saatlerinin Analizi Ve Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 23 - 47, 01.12.2015

İsmet Kaya Dilek Atçı

Öz

Turizm sektöründe çalışanların ve işverenlerin karşılaştıkları en büyük sorunlardan birisi çalışma saatlerinin düzensiz ve uzun olmasıdır. Bu durum, turizm sektöründeki diğer olumsuz koşullarla beraber çalışanların ve işletmelerin verimliliğini düşürmekte, aynı zamanda çalışanların sağlığı ve sosyal yaşamları üzerinde olumsuz yansımalara neden olmaktadır. Konunun önemine karşın, bu alanda yapılan çalışmaların sayısı ise son derece azdır. Bu çalışmada Türk turizm sektörünün temel bileşenleri olan konaklama işletmeleri, yiyecek-içecek işletmeleri ve tur operatörleri ile seyahat acentelerinde çalışan işgörenlerin haftalık çalışma saatleri çalışanların demografik ve mesleki özelliklerine, işletmelerin faaliyet alanlarına, büyüklüklerine ve bulundukları coğrafi bölgelere göre detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve kıyaslanmıştır. Çalışmada Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun (TUİK) 2013 yılına ait Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi (HİA) kullanılmıştır. Verilere göre turizm sektöründe ücretli çalışan 6291 kişiye ait bilgiler çapraz tablolar oluşturulmak suretiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, incelenen grupların hepsinde çalışma saatlerinin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir Ancak, orta büyüklükteki ve büyük işletmelerde çalışma saatlerinin diğer gruplara oranla daha kabul edilebilir sınırlarda olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bölgeler itibarı ile ise en fazla çalışma saatleri Doğu ve Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgeleri’nde görülmektedir. Göze çarpan diğer bulgular arasında, sektörde küçük işletmelerin ağırlıkta olması, çalışanların ücretlerinin düşüklüğü, yüksek oranda kayıt dışılık ve oldukça düşük kıdem sorunu yer almaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çalışma saatleri, turizm sektörü, TUİK hanehalkı işgücü anketi

Evaluation and Analysis of Working Hours in Turkish Tourism Industry

Öz

One of the main problems that employees and employers in the tourism industry face is long and irregular working hours. This, together with the other negative conditions in the sector, leads to a decrease in employee and organizational productivity, and negative reflections on the health and social lives of the employees as well. In spite of its importance, there is limited research regarding the subject. In the present study, working hours in hotels, restaurants, tour operators and travel agents are investigated and compared according to demographics, job types, registration status, income level and business size and regions. Data regarding 6291 employees working in the tourism industry obtained from Household Labor Survey 2013 by TUİK (Turkstat) is used and analyzed by cross tabulating in this study. Results show that low wages are prevalent in the sector which is dominated by small sized businesses and working hours are extremely high in each of the groups included in the study. However, working hours in medium sized and big businesses are within relatively acceptable limits. The highest working hours are appeared to be in Eastern and South-Eastern Region. High rates of unregistered personnel and low seniority is notable findings of the study

Anahtar Kelimeler

Working hours, tourism industry, hotels, TUİK household labor survey

Kaynakça

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