Araştırma Makalesi
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Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük ve Mobil Alışveriş İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 169 - 178, 30.06.2023

Öz

Teknolojinin hızlı ilerlemesi, insanların alışveriş yapma şeklini önemli ölçüde dönüştürmüştür. Mobil alışveriş, kolaylık ve erişilebilirlik nedeniyle büyük popülerlik kazanmıştır. COVID-19 pandemisi, insanların evden çıkmadan alışveriş yapmalarını teşvik etmiş ve mobil alışverişin yaygınlaşmasına katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlüğün mobil alışveriş davranışlarına olan etkisini incelemek ve bu ilişkiyi daha iyi anlamaktır. Araştırmada anket yoluyla katılımcıların belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeyleri ile mobile alışveriş alışkanlıklarını değerlendirmek üzere Uşak İl’inden basit tesadüfi örneklem tekniği kullanılarak ile toplam 484 geçerli veriye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma hipotezleri yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak SPSS ve AMOS yazılımları ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarında pandemiye yönelik korku, kaygı ve belirsizliği tahammülsüzlük faktörlerinin mobil alışveriş niyetini önemli ölçüde etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma pandemi sonrası söz konusu pandemiye yönelik faktörlerin mobil alışveriş niyetini önemli ölçüde etkilemeye devam ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, mobil alışverişin belirsizliğe tahammülsüz tüketicilerin davranışları üzerindeki etkisini aydınlatmaya ve işletmelerin pazarlama stratejilerini geliştirmelerine ve müşteri deneyimini iyileştirmelerine yardımcı olabilmesi açısından önemlidir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., and Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9.
  • Arumugam, T. (2020). Caring for Your Mental Health during MCO. News Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/578414/caring-your-mental-health-during-mco, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • Asmundson, G. J., Norton, P. J., and Vlaeyen, J. W. (2004). Understanding and Treating Fear of Pain, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Asmundson, G. J., Taylor, S., Bovell, C. V., and Collimore, K. (2006). Strategies for Managing Symptoms of Anxiety, Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 6(2): 213-222.
  • Balasubraman, S., Peterson, R. A., and Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2002). Exploring the Implications of M-Commerce for Markets and Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4): 348-361.
  • Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the Mysteries of Anxiety and Its Disorders from the Perspective of Emotion Theory, American Psychologist, 55(11): 1247-1263.
  • Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic, Guilford Press, New York.
  • BBC (2023). Covid Global Health Emergency is Over, WHO Says. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-65499929, Accessed: 06.05.2023.
  • Beck, A. T., Emery, G., and Greenberg, R. L. (2005). Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective, Basic Books.
  • Blanchard, D. C., and Blanchard, R. J. (2008). Defensive Behaviors, Fear, and Anxiety, Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience, 17:63-79.
  • Blumberg, S. H., and Izard, C. E. (1986). Discriminating Patterns of Emotions in 10-and 11-yr-old Children's Anxiety and Depression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4): 852-857.
  • Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of Ambiguity as a Personality Variable, Journal of Personality, 30(1): 29-50.
  • Buhr, K., and Dugas, M. J. (2002). The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale: Psychometric Properties of the English Version, Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(8): 931-945.
  • Bujisic, M., Bogicevic, V., Yang, W., Cobanoglu, C., and Bilgihan, A. (2017). “Hobson’s Choice” Servicescape: Consumer Anxiety and Enjoyment, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(7): 577-590.
  • Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., and Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty: Requisites of the Fundamental Fears?, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10): 2307-2316.
  • Çelik, S., and Köse, G. G. (2021). Mediating Effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty in the Relationship Between Coping Styles with Stress during Pandemic (COVID-19) Process and Compulsive Buying Behavior, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 110, 110321.
  • Chopdar, P. K., Paul, J., and Prodanova, J. (2022). Mobile Shoppers’ Response to Covid-19 Phobia, Pessimism and Smartphone Addiction: Does social Influence Matter?, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121249.
  • Chua, G., Yuen, K. F., Wang, X., and Wong, Y. D. (2021). The Determinants of Panic Buying during COVID-19, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6): 3247-3275.
  • Crigger, N. J. (1996). Testing an Uncertainty Model for Women with Multiple Sclerosis, Advances in Nursing Science, 18(3): 37-47.
  • Cronbach, Lee J., and Shavelson, Richard J. (2004). My Current Thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and Successor Procedures, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(3): 391-418.
  • Datareportal (2023), Digital Around the World, https://datareportal.com/global-digital-overview#:~:text=The%20vast%20majority%20of%20the,of%20the%20world's%20web%20traffic. Accessed: 06.05.2023.
  • Dugas, M. J., and Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting Intolerance of Uncertainty in two Types of Worry, Behavior Modification, 24(5): 635-657.
  • Dugas, M. J., Buhr, K., and Ladouceur, R. (2004). The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Etiology and Maintenance, In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, and D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice, Guilford Press, New York.
  • Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., and Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry: Investigating Specificity in a Nonclinical Sample, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5): 551-558.
  • Estes, W. K., and Skinner, B. F. (1941). Some Quantitative Properties of Anxiety, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29(5): 390-400.
  • Estes, W.K. and Skinner, B.F. (1941). Some quantitative Properties of Anxiety, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29(5): 390-400.
  • Freud, S. (1930) Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Hogarth Press, London.
  • Grenier, S., Barrette, A. M., and Ladouceur, R. (2005). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Intolerance of Ambiguity: Similarities and Differences, Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3): 593-600.
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Kaygı ile Maneviyat, Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi, Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4): 599-614.
  • Kesby, A., Maguire, S., Brownlow, R., and Grisham, J. R. (2017). Intolerance of Uncertainty in Eating Disorders: An Update on the Field, Clinical Psychology Review, 56: 94-105.
  • Kong, F., Qin, J., Huang, B., Zhang, H., and Lei, L. (2020). The Effect of Social Anxiety on Mobile Phone Dependence Among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model, Children and Youth Services Review, 108, 104517.
  • Leppin, A., and Aro, A. R. (2009). Risk Perceptions Related to SARS and Avian Influenza: Theoretical Foundations of Current Empirical Research, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16: 7-29.
  • Liao, S., Shao, Y. P., Wang, H., and Chen, A. (1999). The Adoption of Virtual Banking: An Empirical Study, International Journal of Information Management, 19(1): 63-74.
  • Loxton, M., Truskett, R., Scarf, B., Sindone, L., Baldry, G., and Zhao, Y. (2020). Consumer Behaviour During Crises: Preliminary Research on How Coronavirus Has Manifested Consumer Panic Buying, Herd Mentality, Changing Discretionary Spending and the Role of the Media in Influencing Behaviour, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(8): 166.
  • Müberra, K. U. L. U., Özsoy, F., Gürler, E. B., and Özbeyli, D. (2021). COVID-19 Salgınının Diş Hekimleri Üzerinde Yarattığı Gelecek Kaygısı ve Stresin Değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi, 14(1):103-112.
  • Nagar, K., and Gandotra, P. (2016). Exploring Choice Overload, Internet Shopping Anxiety, Variety Seeking and Online Shopping Adoption Relationship: Evidence from Online Fashion Stores, Global Business Review, 17(4): 851-869.
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., ... and Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11: 842.
  • Porta, M. (Ed.). (2014). A Dictionary of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Raghunathan, R., Pham, M. T., and Corfman, K. P. (2006). Informational Properties of Anxiety and Sadness and Displaced Coping, Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4): 596-601.
  • Ramadan, Z., Farah, M., Abosag, I., and Sleiman, A. (2023). Typology of E-Commerce Shoppers: The Case of COVID-19, Qualitative Market Research.
  • Sardjono, W., Selviyanti, E., and Perdana, W. G. (2020). The Application of the Factor Analysis Method to Determine the Performance of IT Implementation in Companies Based on the IT Balanced Scorecard Measurement Method, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1538(1): 12-26.
  • Sardjono, W., Selviyanti, E., Mukhlis, M., and Tohir, M. (2021). Global Issues: Utilization of E-Commerce and Increased Use of Mobile Commerce Application as a Result of the Covid-19 Pandemic, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1832(1): 12-24.
  • Sarı, S. and Dağ, İ. (2009). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği, Endişe Ile Ilgili Olumlu Inançlar Ölçeği ve Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması, Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği, Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10: 261-270.
  • Sarıçam, H. (2014). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlüğün Mutluluğa Etkisi, Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(8): 1-12.
  • Statista (2021). E-Commerce Worldwide - Statistics and Facts, https://www.statista.com/topics/871/online-shopping/#dossier-chapter6, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • TRT (2023). COVID-19, Salgın İlan Edilişinin 3. Yılında da "Küresel Acil Durum" Olarak Nitelendiriliyor, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/covid-19-salgin-ilan-edilisinin-3-yilinda-da-kuresel-acil-durum-olarak-nitelendiriliyor-752265.html, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • TURKSTAT (2019). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2019, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Bilim,-Teknoloji-ve-Bilgi-Toplumu-102, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • TURKSTAT (2022). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2022, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • Ulukan, G. (2021). Türkiye'de E-Ticaretin 4 Yıl İçinde 2.3 Katına Çıkması Bekleniyor, https://webrazzi.com/2021/04/15/turkiyede-e-ticaretin-4-yil-icinde-23-katina-cikmasi-bekleniyor/, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., and Chin, J. (2007). Feeling Duped: Emotional, Motivational, and Cognitive Aspects of Being Exploited by Others, Review of General Psychology, 11(2): 127-141.
  • Wiścicka-Fernando, M. (2021). The Use of Mobile Technologies in Online Shopping during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study, Procedia Computer Science, 192: 3413-3422.
  • Yagil, D., and Cohen, M. (2022). Financial Uncertainty and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic, European Journal of Health Psychology, 30(2):65-73.

A Study on the Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mobile Shopping

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1, 169 - 178, 30.06.2023

Öz

Mobile shopping, also known as m-commerce, has gained immense popularity due to its convenience and accessibility. The COVID-19 pandemic has encouraged people to shop from home and has contributed to the widespread adoption of mobile shopping. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of intolerance of uncertainty on mobile shopping behaviors and gain a better understanding of this relationship. A total of 484 valid data were collected through a survey using the simple random sampling technique from Uşak Province to assess participants' levels of intolerance of uncertainty and their mobile shopping habits. The research hypotheses were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the study indicate that fear, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty related to the pandemic significantly influence the intention to engage in mobile shopping. The research reveals that these factors continue to have a significant impact on mobile shopping intention even after the pandemic. The findings of this study are important in shedding light on the impact of mobile shopping on the behavior of individuals who are intolerant of uncertainty and can assist businesses in developing their marketing strategies and improving the customer experience.

Kaynakça

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., and Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-9.
  • Arumugam, T. (2020). Caring for Your Mental Health during MCO. News Straits Times. https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2020/03/578414/caring-your-mental-health-during-mco, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • Asmundson, G. J., Norton, P. J., and Vlaeyen, J. W. (2004). Understanding and Treating Fear of Pain, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Asmundson, G. J., Taylor, S., Bovell, C. V., and Collimore, K. (2006). Strategies for Managing Symptoms of Anxiety, Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 6(2): 213-222.
  • Balasubraman, S., Peterson, R. A., and Jarvenpaa, S. L. (2002). Exploring the Implications of M-Commerce for Markets and Marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4): 348-361.
  • Barlow, D. H. (2000). Unraveling the Mysteries of Anxiety and Its Disorders from the Perspective of Emotion Theory, American Psychologist, 55(11): 1247-1263.
  • Barlow, D. H. (2004). Anxiety and Its Disorders: The Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic, Guilford Press, New York.
  • BBC (2023). Covid Global Health Emergency is Over, WHO Says. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-65499929, Accessed: 06.05.2023.
  • Beck, A. T., Emery, G., and Greenberg, R. L. (2005). Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective, Basic Books.
  • Blanchard, D. C., and Blanchard, R. J. (2008). Defensive Behaviors, Fear, and Anxiety, Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience, 17:63-79.
  • Blumberg, S. H., and Izard, C. E. (1986). Discriminating Patterns of Emotions in 10-and 11-yr-old Children's Anxiety and Depression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4): 852-857.
  • Budner, S. (1962). Intolerance of Ambiguity as a Personality Variable, Journal of Personality, 30(1): 29-50.
  • Buhr, K., and Dugas, M. J. (2002). The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale: Psychometric Properties of the English Version, Behavior Research and Therapy, 40(8): 931-945.
  • Bujisic, M., Bogicevic, V., Yang, W., Cobanoglu, C., and Bilgihan, A. (2017). “Hobson’s Choice” Servicescape: Consumer Anxiety and Enjoyment, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34(7): 577-590.
  • Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., and Asmundson, G. J. (2007). Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty: Requisites of the Fundamental Fears?, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10): 2307-2316.
  • Çelik, S., and Köse, G. G. (2021). Mediating Effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty in the Relationship Between Coping Styles with Stress during Pandemic (COVID-19) Process and Compulsive Buying Behavior, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 110, 110321.
  • Chopdar, P. K., Paul, J., and Prodanova, J. (2022). Mobile Shoppers’ Response to Covid-19 Phobia, Pessimism and Smartphone Addiction: Does social Influence Matter?, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 174, 121249.
  • Chua, G., Yuen, K. F., Wang, X., and Wong, Y. D. (2021). The Determinants of Panic Buying during COVID-19, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6): 3247-3275.
  • Crigger, N. J. (1996). Testing an Uncertainty Model for Women with Multiple Sclerosis, Advances in Nursing Science, 18(3): 37-47.
  • Cronbach, Lee J., and Shavelson, Richard J. (2004). My Current Thoughts on Coefficient Alpha and Successor Procedures, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64(3): 391-418.
  • Datareportal (2023), Digital Around the World, https://datareportal.com/global-digital-overview#:~:text=The%20vast%20majority%20of%20the,of%20the%20world's%20web%20traffic. Accessed: 06.05.2023.
  • Dugas, M. J., and Ladouceur, R. (2000). Treatment of GAD: Targeting Intolerance of Uncertainty in two Types of Worry, Behavior Modification, 24(5): 635-657.
  • Dugas, M. J., Buhr, K., and Ladouceur, R. (2004). The Role of Intolerance of Uncertainty in Etiology and Maintenance, In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, and D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Advances in Research and Practice, Guilford Press, New York.
  • Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., and Ladouceur, R. (2001). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry: Investigating Specificity in a Nonclinical Sample, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 25(5): 551-558.
  • Estes, W. K., and Skinner, B. F. (1941). Some Quantitative Properties of Anxiety, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29(5): 390-400.
  • Estes, W.K. and Skinner, B.F. (1941). Some quantitative Properties of Anxiety, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29(5): 390-400.
  • Freud, S. (1930) Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anxiety, Hogarth Press, London.
  • Grenier, S., Barrette, A. M., and Ladouceur, R. (2005). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Intolerance of Ambiguity: Similarities and Differences, Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3): 593-600.
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2020). COVID-19 Salgını Sürecinde Kaygı ile Maneviyat, Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Arasındaki İlişkilerin İncelenmesi, Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4): 599-614.
  • Kesby, A., Maguire, S., Brownlow, R., and Grisham, J. R. (2017). Intolerance of Uncertainty in Eating Disorders: An Update on the Field, Clinical Psychology Review, 56: 94-105.
  • Kong, F., Qin, J., Huang, B., Zhang, H., and Lei, L. (2020). The Effect of Social Anxiety on Mobile Phone Dependence Among Chinese Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model, Children and Youth Services Review, 108, 104517.
  • Leppin, A., and Aro, A. R. (2009). Risk Perceptions Related to SARS and Avian Influenza: Theoretical Foundations of Current Empirical Research, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16: 7-29.
  • Liao, S., Shao, Y. P., Wang, H., and Chen, A. (1999). The Adoption of Virtual Banking: An Empirical Study, International Journal of Information Management, 19(1): 63-74.
  • Loxton, M., Truskett, R., Scarf, B., Sindone, L., Baldry, G., and Zhao, Y. (2020). Consumer Behaviour During Crises: Preliminary Research on How Coronavirus Has Manifested Consumer Panic Buying, Herd Mentality, Changing Discretionary Spending and the Role of the Media in Influencing Behaviour, Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 13(8): 166.
  • Müberra, K. U. L. U., Özsoy, F., Gürler, E. B., and Özbeyli, D. (2021). COVID-19 Salgınının Diş Hekimleri Üzerinde Yarattığı Gelecek Kaygısı ve Stresin Değerlendirilmesi. Pamukkale Tıp Dergisi, 14(1):103-112.
  • Nagar, K., and Gandotra, P. (2016). Exploring Choice Overload, Internet Shopping Anxiety, Variety Seeking and Online Shopping Adoption Relationship: Evidence from Online Fashion Stores, Global Business Review, 17(4): 851-869.
  • Parlapani, E., Holeva, V., Nikopoulou, V. A., Sereslis, K., Athanasiadou, M., Godosidis, A., ... and Diakogiannis, I. (2020). Intolerance of Uncertainty and Loneliness in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11: 842.
  • Porta, M. (Ed.). (2014). A Dictionary of Epidemiology, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • Raghunathan, R., Pham, M. T., and Corfman, K. P. (2006). Informational Properties of Anxiety and Sadness and Displaced Coping, Journal of Consumer Research, 32(4): 596-601.
  • Ramadan, Z., Farah, M., Abosag, I., and Sleiman, A. (2023). Typology of E-Commerce Shoppers: The Case of COVID-19, Qualitative Market Research.
  • Sardjono, W., Selviyanti, E., and Perdana, W. G. (2020). The Application of the Factor Analysis Method to Determine the Performance of IT Implementation in Companies Based on the IT Balanced Scorecard Measurement Method, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1538(1): 12-26.
  • Sardjono, W., Selviyanti, E., Mukhlis, M., and Tohir, M. (2021). Global Issues: Utilization of E-Commerce and Increased Use of Mobile Commerce Application as a Result of the Covid-19 Pandemic, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1832(1): 12-24.
  • Sarı, S. and Dağ, İ. (2009). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği, Endişe Ile Ilgili Olumlu Inançlar Ölçeği ve Endişenin Sonuçları Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması, Geçerliliği ve Güvenilirliği, Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 10: 261-270.
  • Sarıçam, H. (2014). Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlüğün Mutluluğa Etkisi, Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(8): 1-12.
  • Statista (2021). E-Commerce Worldwide - Statistics and Facts, https://www.statista.com/topics/871/online-shopping/#dossier-chapter6, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • TRT (2023). COVID-19, Salgın İlan Edilişinin 3. Yılında da "Küresel Acil Durum" Olarak Nitelendiriliyor, https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/covid-19-salgin-ilan-edilisinin-3-yilinda-da-kuresel-acil-durum-olarak-nitelendiriliyor-752265.html, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • TURKSTAT (2019). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2019, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=Bilim,-Teknoloji-ve-Bilgi-Toplumu-102, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • TURKSTAT (2022). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması, 2022, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • Ulukan, G. (2021). Türkiye'de E-Ticaretin 4 Yıl İçinde 2.3 Katına Çıkması Bekleniyor, https://webrazzi.com/2021/04/15/turkiyede-e-ticaretin-4-yil-icinde-23-katina-cikmasi-bekleniyor/, Accessed: 04.04.2023.
  • Vohs, K. D., Baumeister, R. F., and Chin, J. (2007). Feeling Duped: Emotional, Motivational, and Cognitive Aspects of Being Exploited by Others, Review of General Psychology, 11(2): 127-141.
  • Wiścicka-Fernando, M. (2021). The Use of Mobile Technologies in Online Shopping during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Empirical Study, Procedia Computer Science, 192: 3413-3422.
  • Yagil, D., and Cohen, M. (2022). Financial Uncertainty and Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic, European Journal of Health Psychology, 30(2):65-73.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dijital Pazarlama
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Alkan Alkaya

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Alkaya, A. (2023). A Study on the Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mobile Shopping. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(1), 169-178.